中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全(3)
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全(六)
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
I. 要點(diǎn)
英語(yǔ)中有許多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，有的兼有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的特征。英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：
(1) 動(dòng)詞+介詞
常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of (from), add to, lead to等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后。如：
Don’t laugh at others.
I didn’t care about it.
(2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞
常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞前邊。如：You’ll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don’t forget to hand it in.
(3) 動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：
All his money added up to no more than 0.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
(4) 動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
常見(jiàn)的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)只能放在介詞后邊。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
(5) 動(dòng)詞+形容詞
常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)eave open, set free, cut open等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是名詞，則賓語(yǔ)可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊;賓語(yǔ)如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
(6) 動(dòng)詞+名詞
常見(jiàn)的有take place, make friends等。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
(7)辨析
give away(讓給，暴露) 和 give up(放棄，停止)
put away(放起，收起) 和 put out (撲滅)
turn up(出席，放大) 和 turn on (打開(kāi))
keep out(阻止) 和 keep off (不讓靠近)
make up(編造，補(bǔ)上) 和 make out(辨認(rèn))
take off(脫，起飛) 和 take out(拿出)
II. 例題
例1 It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keep up意為"繼續(xù)";give away意為"分發(fā)";lay up"貯藏"。例2 Here’s my card. Let’s keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：該題正確答案為A. keep in touch為短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，意為"保持聯(lián)系"。
例3 ____! There’s a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：該題選A. look out 意為"小心"。
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全(七)
動(dòng)詞不定式
I. 要點(diǎn)
1、 不定式的形式。以動(dòng)詞write為例。
式|語(yǔ)態(tài) 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般式 to write to be written
完成式 to have written to have been written
進(jìn)行式 to be writing
完成進(jìn)行式 to have been writing
2、 不定式的句法功能
(1) 作主語(yǔ)
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語(yǔ)，而不定式置于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后。如：It’s nice to hear from you.
It’s not easy to be a good teacher.
(2) 作賓語(yǔ)
通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help等詞后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
(3) 作表語(yǔ)
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
(4) 作定語(yǔ)
不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
(5) 作賓補(bǔ)
通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等詞后。如：
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
(6) 作狀語(yǔ)
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
(7) 作獨(dú)立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
(8) "疑問(wèn)詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：
I don’t know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
(9)不定式的否定式。如：
I decided not to go.
(10)不定式的完成式。如：
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
(11)too…to 結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高興了，樂(lè)意去)
(12)主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II.例題
例1 I haven’t got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析：該題選C。不定式to sit on在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞chair. 因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ胶退揎椀拿~間是"動(dòng)賓關(guān)系"，所以不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞，故此處on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____. A go B gone C going D to go
解析：該題選D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被動(dòng)形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析：該題選A。is to be built意為"將要被建"。
看過(guò)中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全的還看了：
1.中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)大全(3)
