中考英語語法難點大全(三)

　　連詞

　　I. 要點

　　1、 連詞的種類

　　(1) 并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。

　　(2) 從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。

　　除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語從句)。

　　2、 常用連詞舉例

　　(1)and 和，并且

　　They drank and sang all night.

　　(2) both…and 和， 既…也…

　　Both my parents and I went there.

　　(3) but 但是，而

　　I’m sad, but he is happy.

　　(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…

　　Either you’re wrong, or I am.

　　(5) for因為

　　I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.

　　(6) however 然而，可是

　　Af first, he didn’t want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.

　　(7) neither…nor 既不…也不

　　Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.

　　(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…

　　He not only sings well, but also dances well.

　　(9) or 或者，否則

　　Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

　　Are you a worker or a doctor?

　　(10) so 因此，所以

　　It’s getting late, so I must go.

　　(11) although 雖然

　　Although it was late, they went on working.

　　(12) as soon as 一 …就

　　I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.

　　(13) because 因為

　　He didn’t go to school, because he was ill.

　　(14)unless 除非，如果不

　　I won’t go unless it is fine tomorrow.

　　(15)until 直到…

　　He didn’t leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))

　　He stayed there until eleven.

　　(16)while 當(dāng)…時候，而 (表示對比)

　　While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動詞)

　　My pen is red while his is blue.

　　(17)for 因為

　　He was ill, for he didn’t come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來的)

　　(18)since自從…

　　I have lived here since my uncle left.

　　(19)hardly… when 一… 就

　　I had hardly got to the station when the train left.

　　(20)as far as 就… 來說

　　As far as I know, that country is very small.

　　You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)

　　II. 例題

　　例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.

　　A as well B as well as C so well D so well as

　　解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。

　　例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

　　A when B where C which D while

　　解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。

　　例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

　　A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise

　　解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。

　　中考英語語法難點大全(四)

　　動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)

　　I. 要點

　　1、 一般現(xiàn)在時

　　(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.

　　(2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實等。如：The earth goes round the sun.

　　2、 現(xiàn)在進行時

　　(1) 表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：

　　What are you doing now?

　　(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常含有某種情感。如：

　　He is always doing good deeds.

　　3、 現(xiàn)在完成時

　　主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?

　　4、一般將來時

　　表示將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：

　　I’ll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.

　　We’re going to see a film next Monday.

　　5、一般過去時

　　表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.

　　6、過去進行時

　　表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：

　　What were you doing this time yesterday?

　　7、 過去完成時

　　表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：

　　The train had already left before we arrived.

　　8、一般過去將來時

　　表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：

　　He said he would come, but he didn’t.

　　9、被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)，以give為例。

　　時/式 　　　　　一般　　　　　　 進行 　　　　　　完成

　　現(xiàn)在 am is 　given are am is 　being are has 　　　been given have

　　過去 was 　　　given were was 　　being given were had been given

　　將來 shall 　　　be given will shall 　　　have been given will

　　過去將來 should 　　　be given would should 　　　have been given would

　　II.例題

　　例1 I learned that her father ____ in 1950.

　　A had died B died C dead D is dead

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時間狀語in 1950, 所以不用過去完成時態(tài)，而用一般過去時態(tài)。

　　例2 The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.

　　A is looked B has looked for

　　C is being looked for D has been looked

　　解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于被動語態(tài)的句子中。

　　中考英語語法難點大全(五)

　　動詞虛擬語氣

　　I. 要點

　　表示說的話不是事實，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或與事實相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。

　　1、 虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成

　　注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had, should, could有時可將if省去, 但要倒裝。如：

　　Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.

　　2、 虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用

　　(1) 在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂語形式是"should(可省) +動詞原形"，常用于以下三種句型中。

　　句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…

　　句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…

　　句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…

　　如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.

　　It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.

　　It is requested that we (should) be so careless.

　　(2) 在賓語從句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接的命令和建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

　　I suggest that we (should) go swimming.

　　(3) 在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders, idea等。從句謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

　　His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.

　　(4) 在同位語從句中，謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形"。如：

　　We received order that the work be done at once.

　　(5) 在It is time that…句型中，其謂語動詞形式是"動詞的過去式"或

　　"should +動詞原形",should不可省。如：It’s time (that) we went ( should go) to school.

　　II. 例題

　　例1 We had hoped that he ____ longer.

　　A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay

　　解析：該題正確答案為D。had hoped表示"本希望"，同樣用法的動詞還有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語氣

　　例2 "Mary wants to see you today".

　　"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."

　　A comes B came C should come D will come

　　解析：該題正確答案為B。would rather后面的從句需用虛擬語氣，用動詞過去時表示。

　　例3 Had she been older, she ____ it better.

　　A had done B might have done C might do D would do

　　解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故該題正確答案為B。