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初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)預(yù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)(2)

時(shí)間: 素雯896 分享

初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)預(yù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  初一上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法預(yù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  一、特殊疑問(wèn)句:

  以疑問(wèn)代詞what, who, whom, whose, which或疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, why, how等放在句首提問(wèn)的句子,叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。答句必須針對(duì)問(wèn)句中的疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)回答。

  (一)各種疑問(wèn)詞的用法:

  1.what用于對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。用于提問(wèn)“事情、東西”,還可以提問(wèn)“姓名、職業(yè)、時(shí)間”等。

  如:what’s your name?

  2.Who, whom, whose只能指人,who“誰(shuí)”,常作主語(yǔ),whom“誰(shuí)”,常作賓語(yǔ),whose“誰(shuí)的”,常作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。

  Who taught you English last year? 去年哪個(gè)老師教你們英語(yǔ)?

  Whose father works in Beijing? 誰(shuí)的爸爸在北京工作?

  3.which用來(lái)詢問(wèn)人或物,一般有特定的選擇范圍。

  Which is your sister of the two girls?

  那兩個(gè)女孩中,哪個(gè)是你姐姐?(限定在這兩個(gè)女孩中)

  4.when, where, why, how分別對(duì)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因和方式

  When did you arrive here? 你什么時(shí)候到這里的? (對(duì)時(shí)間)

  Where were you last night? 你昨晚在哪里? (對(duì)地點(diǎn))

  Why were you late again? 你怎么又遲到了? (對(duì)原因)

  How do you go to school? 你怎樣上學(xué)的? ——by school bus(對(duì)方式)

  注意:

  ①when與what time的區(qū)別:when指的是大體的時(shí)間,而what time詢問(wèn)的是具體的時(shí)間。

  --What time shall we meet? -- At ten o’clock.

  --When shall we meet? --Tomorrow.

  ②how many用于詢問(wèn)“多少”,且后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。——提問(wèn)數(shù)量

  how much用于提問(wèn)“多少”,后面接不可數(shù)名詞,也可對(duì)“錢(qián)”提問(wèn)。——提問(wèn)不可數(shù)名 詞的數(shù)量和價(jià)格。

 ?、?how old用于提問(wèn)年齡“多大歲數(shù)”;對(duì)應(yīng)名詞“age”

  how long用于提問(wèn)時(shí)間或長(zhǎng)度“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間,長(zhǎng)度多長(zhǎng)”,回答用“for+一段時(shí)間”;對(duì)應(yīng)“leight”。

  how soon用于提問(wèn)時(shí)間“還要多久”,回答用“in+一段時(shí)間”;

  how far提問(wèn)距離“有多遠(yuǎn)”;how often用于提問(wèn)頻率“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”。

  How tall提問(wèn)高度: How tall are you? = What is your height?(對(duì)應(yīng) height)

  How often 提問(wèn)“多久一次。 ”

  (二)句型結(jié)構(gòu):

  1.如疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ),即對(duì)主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)提問(wèn),其語(yǔ)序是陳述句的語(yǔ)序:

  疑問(wèn)詞(+主語(yǔ))+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+其他成分。

  如: Who is there?誰(shuí)在那兒?

  Which book is his?哪本書(shū)是他的?

  2.如疑問(wèn)詞作其他成分,即對(duì)其他成分提問(wèn),其語(yǔ)序是:疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序?

  (1)疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+其他? 如:who is your teacher?

  (2)疑問(wèn)詞+助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(其他)?

  如:What does your father do? Why do you like English。

  (三)回答:不能用yes / no,即問(wèn)什么答什么,尤其是簡(jiǎn)略回答。

  如: -How old is your sister? 你妹妹今年多大了?

  -She’s only five. / Only five. (她)才5歲。

  (四)對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)規(guī)則:

  第一步,找準(zhǔn)特殊疑問(wèn)詞。

  第二步,提前或加助動(dòng)詞:(BE動(dòng)詞 am is are was were,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can could may

  must will would shall should, 助動(dòng)詞(完成時(shí)中)have has had.)

  第三步,作變化抄剩余詞。(主語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的變化,如I變You ;前邊加does do,后邊動(dòng)詞用原形.)

  1.He is thirteen years old.(對(duì)劃線提問(wèn))

  A:找準(zhǔn)疑問(wèn)詞:How old B:提前BE動(dòng)詞 : is

  C:抄剩余詞: he 即:How old is he?

  2 They went to work yesterday morning.

  A:找準(zhǔn)疑問(wèn)詞: When B:加助動(dòng)詞:(過(guò)去時(shí)) did

  C:作變化(將went 變?yōu)間o)并抄剩余詞: they go to work.

  即:When did they go to work?

  3 . Her mother goes to school by bike.

  A:找準(zhǔn) 特殊疑問(wèn)詞:How B:加助動(dòng)詞(三單時(shí)): does

  C:作變化(goes—go) 抄剩余詞: her mother go to school

  即:How does her mother go to school?

  二、不定冠詞的用法

  不定冠詞有a 和an兩個(gè),泛指“一”的概念,但并不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量,只表示名詞為不特定者,且僅用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。

  1.a用于發(fā)音以輔音音標(biāo)(不是以輔音字母)開(kāi)頭的單詞前面; My mother is a doctor.

  2.an用于發(fā)音以元音音標(biāo)(不是元音字母)開(kāi)頭的單詞前面。 My father is an engineer.

  An actor; a doctor ; an apple ; a pen ; an egg

 ?、俦硎?ldquo;一”,用于可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式前。 The company needs a worker.

 ?、诒硎?ldquo;一類(lèi)”,指一類(lèi)人或事物,用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。 An elephant is bigger than a cat.

  ③某示“某一個(gè)”,不具體指明是何人何物。 A teacher wants to see you.

 ?、鼙硎?ldquo;每一”。 We work five days a week.

 ?、荼硎?ldquo;第一次提到”;首次提到人或物,但不特別指明是哪一個(gè)。

  Long long ago, there was a king.

 ?、抻糜诠潭ㄔ~組中: a few一些(加可數(shù)名詞) a little一些(加不可數(shù)名詞)

  a lot of許多 a great deal of 大量 a moment ago剛才

  a piece of 一片 have a cold感冒 have a try試一試

  in a word總之 in a hurry匆忙地 after a while過(guò)了一會(huì)兒


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