考研英語語法知識點整理
參加考研英語的考試,學(xué)會這幾個語法,不說橫行霸道,且說穩(wěn)打穩(wěn)扎。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的考研英語語法,供大家參閱!
考研英語語法:倒裝句
完全倒裝
1.表示方位或時間的副詞或介詞短語位于句首,主語是名詞,符合上述兩個條件,主語和謂語可完全倒裝。標(biāo)志詞為:here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, then, on the hill, in the river等。倒裝結(jié)構(gòu):“主語+謂語”變?yōu)?ldquo;謂語+主語”,成分形式?jīng)]有變化,句子內(nèi)容不增不減。
【例句】
The soccer fans rushed out.
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=Out rushed the soccer fans.
球迷們沖了出去。
2.such位于句首時,主謂完全倒裝。
【例句】Such was Norman Bethune, a noble person, a pure person, a moral person, and a vulgar person.這就是白求恩,一個高尚的人,一個純粹的人,一個有道德的人,一個脫離了低級趣味的人。
部分倒裝
部分倒裝指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞倒裝至主語之前,而謂語動詞無變化。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。 英語句子的倒裝一是由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進行的倒裝,二是由于修辭的需要而進行的倒裝。前一種情況,倒裝是必需的,否則就會出現(xiàn)語法錯誤;后一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會產(chǎn)生表達效果上的差異。倒裝句是最突出、最常見的修辭效果就是強調(diào)。
1.Only引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
Only+狀語+特定的動詞+主+謂
特定的動詞包括:
助動詞:do, does, did, have, has, had
情態(tài)動詞:can, could, shall, should, will
be動詞:am, is, are, was, were
【例句】
Because you gave someone a ring, I stumbled.
=Only because you gave someone a ring did I stumble.
因為你打了個電話,所以我絆倒了。
2.否定詞提前至句首主謂部分倒裝
結(jié)構(gòu):否定副詞+特定動詞+主語+謂語
1)否定副詞
常用否定副詞:not, no, never, neither
特殊否定副詞:seldom, few, little, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely, in vain
2)特定動詞
助動詞,情態(tài)動詞,be動詞
?、貼o sooner„than, scarcely/hardly„when表示否定意義的詞位于句首時常用部分倒裝
【例句】
When I saw you for the first time, I fell in love deeply with you.
=No sooner had I seen you for the first time than I fell in love deeply with you.
=Hardly had I seen you for the first time when I fell in love deeply with you.
當(dāng)我看見你的時候,就深深地愛上了你。
②Not only+特定動詞+主語+謂語,but also+主語+謂語
【例句】
Internet has changed our living habit, and enhanced the efficiency of the government.
=Not only has Internet changed our living habit, but also enhanced the efficiency of the
網(wǎng)絡(luò)不僅改變了我們的生活習(xí)慣也提高了政府的工作效率。
3.so„that結(jié)構(gòu)倒裝句:so為副詞,副詞修飾動詞、形容詞以及副詞本身。因此有兩種形式的so„that倒裝
1)主語+ be+ so+表語(形容詞)+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語從句)
變倒裝:so+表語(形容詞)+be+主語+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語從句)
【例句】
The food price is so high that we cannot afford any more.
=So high is the food price that we cannot afford any more.
菜價如此之高,我們都承受不起。
2)主語+謂語+so+副詞(狀語)+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語從句)
變倒裝:so+副詞(狀語)+特定動詞(助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)+主語+謂語+that+從句(結(jié)果狀語從句)
【例句】
You said your phone number so fast that I hardly wrote it down.
=So fast did you say your phone number that I hardly wrote it down.
你剛才電話號碼說得太快了,我沒有記錄下來。
4.讓步狀語從句
1)表語倒裝
Although主語+系語+表語,主句
變倒裝:表語+as/though+主語+系語,主句
【例句】
Although many consumers are clever, they are always deceived by advertisements.
=Clever as/though many consumers are, they are always deceived by advertisements.
盡管很多消費者很聰明,但還是老上廣告的當(dāng)。
2)謂語動詞的倒裝
Although+主語+特定動詞+謂語,主句
變倒裝:謂語+as/though+主語+特定動詞,主句
【例句】
Although you may object, I’ll go.
=Object as you may, I’ll go.
縱使你反對,我也要去。
3)狀語的倒裝
Although主語+謂語+狀語,主句
變倒裝:狀語+as/though+主語+謂語,主句
【例句】
Although I like Paris much, I couldn’t live there.
=Much as I like Paris, I couldn’t live there.
盡管我喜歡巴黎,但我不能住在那里。
考研英語語法:強調(diào)句
強調(diào)句是一種修辭,是人們?yōu)榱吮磉_自己的意愿或情感而使用的一種形式。通過各種方式對句子中的某個部分進行強調(diào),從而起到修辭的作用。今天我們就來學(xué)習(xí)一下強調(diào)句的相關(guān)知識。
英語常用的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)是“It is (was)+被強調(diào)部分(主語、賓語或狀語)+who (that)„”。一般說來,被強調(diào)部分指人時,用who;指事物時用that,但that也可以指人。在美國英語中指事物時常用which來代替that。
1.簡單句與強調(diào)句型之間的互換
簡單句:主語+謂語+賓語+定語+狀語+補語→It is/was+被強調(diào)部分+that/who+其他部分被強調(diào)部分:只限于主語、賓語或狀語
Who:強調(diào)主語是人,并僅限于主語
【例句】Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in Comrade Street at the age of five.王先生五歲那年在同志街邂逅了他一生當(dāng)中的第六個女朋友。
(1)強調(diào)主語
It wasMr. Wangwho encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife in Comrade Street at the age of five.
(2)強調(diào)賓語
It wasthe sixth girlfriend in his lifethat Mr. Wang encountered in Comrade Street at the age of five.
(3)強調(diào)地點狀語
It wasin Comrade Streetthat Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his wife at the age of five.
(4)強調(diào)時間狀語
It wasat the age of fivethat Mr. Wang encountered the sixth girlfriend in his life in Comrade Street.
2.如何強調(diào)謂語
借助助動詞強調(diào)謂語,助動詞包括do/does/did,根據(jù)不同的時態(tài)和不同的主語人稱有不同選擇,助動詞介入時謂語動詞要變成原形。
(1)主語為第一人稱、第二人稱或復(fù)數(shù)主語,時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,用do。
【例句】
I appreciate your help.
I do appreciate your help.
(2)時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,用did。
【例句】
I made a dream last night.
I did make a dream last night.
(3)主語為第三人稱或單數(shù)主語,時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,用does。
【例句】
She becomes a man.
She does become a man.
3.真題中強調(diào)句的解析
It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden, though in a“liberated”sense, to describe these synthetic constructions.
譯文:雖然(說這話)在某種意義上說有點隨性,但正是這種對自然或明或暗的描述,才使得用“花園”一詞來形容這些人工建筑顯得那么貼切。
句式還原:
(1)It is„that„(強調(diào)句)
(2)被強調(diào)部分this implicit or explicit reference to nature在that引導(dǎo)的從句中充當(dāng)主語。 →將被強調(diào)部分還原于從句變?yōu)楹唵尉洌篢his implicit or explicit reference to nature fully justifies the use of word garden to describe these synthetic constructions.
強調(diào)句屬于一種特殊句式,雖不算太常見,但在閱讀和翻譯中也會時有出現(xiàn),考生也應(yīng)認真復(fù)習(xí),不能忽視。