英語文摘閱讀
英語文摘閱讀
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靜脈血管的秘密
Oy Veins!
噢 血管!
Veins are pretty important. After all, they carry blood from various parts of the body to the heart. But for all their significance, veins are modest, too. Yours are probably content to work behind the scenes, tucked away beneath the skin.
血管相當(dāng)?shù)闹匾?。畢竟，它們從身體的各個(gè)部分向心臟運(yùn)輸血液。雖然血管很重要，但是它們也很謙遜。血管甘愿在幕后工作，在皮膚下默默運(yùn)輸血液。
Twisted And Filled
扭曲的并充滿的
Sometimes, however, veins take center-stage and become visible as blue lines on the skin, often resembling an unmarked roadmap. If you haven’t guessed by now, we’re talking about varicose veins. Have you ever wondered what are they are and how they form?
然而，有時(shí)候血管成為主角，在皮膚上可以看到藍(lán)色的線，很像未被標(biāo)記的地圖。如果你還沒有猜到，我們討論的正是靜脈曲張的血管。你是否想知道它們是什么并怎樣形成的么?
Basically, a varicose vein is one that is twisted and filled with backed-up blood. Although they most commonly occur in the legs, varicose veins can also happen in the esophagus, testes and the urinary bladder.
通常，靜脈曲張的血管充滿回流的血液并因此扭曲。它們不僅多見于腿部，也會(huì)表現(xiàn)在食管、睪丸、膀胱上。
Varicose veins in the legs occur when the valves in a vein near the surface of the skin malfunction.
當(dāng)皮膚表面下的血管的閥門不起作用時(shí)，腿上的靜脈曲張開始顯現(xiàn)。
Faulty Valves
受損的瓣膜
Valves usually keep blood from flowing backwards in the vein once it’s been pumped towards the heart. When the valves don’t work properly, blood gets stuck, causing the vein to swell and kink.
閥門的作用是防止有心臟送出的血液回流。當(dāng)閥門不正常工作時(shí)，血液不能流動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致血管膨脹和扭結(jié)。
Although varicose veins are usually associated with senior citizens, not every older person has them. Weak valves are often inherited, and can also be caused by wearing clothing that squeezes the legs and veins too tightly
雖然靜脈曲張多發(fā)生在老年人身上，但是不是每個(gè)老年人都患有這種病。脆弱的閥門通常是遺傳的，或者身上的衣服把腿和血管勒的太緊導(dǎo)致的。
Varicose veins may seem unsightly, but they’re not usually a cause for major concern. Still, if you have them and want to do something about it, talk to your doctor. Treatments range from wearing strong support stockings to surgery.
靜脈曲張是很難看的，但是它們通常不會(huì)引起強(qiáng)烈的關(guān)注。然而，如果你有這種病并想要治療，和你的醫(yī)生聊聊。治療方法包括從穿修復(fù)性的長(zhǎng)筒襪到做外科手術(shù)。
為什么我們想要吃零食
Why Does My Body Want To Snack?
為什么我們想要吃零食?
Sometimes a snack quiets your growling stomach. But sometimes you just feel like munching, even though you’re not really hungry. French researchers recently found that this second type of snack attack is harder on your waistline.
有時(shí)，吃點(diǎn)零食能讓你的肚子不再咕咕叫。但有些時(shí)候，你只是想要吃點(diǎn)東西，盡管你并不餓。法國(guó)研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，第二種情況很容易讓你發(fā)胖。
That’s because when you eat without being hungry, blood sugar and insulin work differently than when you are hungry.
這是因?yàn)楫?dāng)你不餓的狀態(tài)下吃東西時(shí)，血糖和胰島素的變化與你饑餓的時(shí)候是不同的。
First, let’s see what happens when you’re hungry. Low blood sugar can trigger that hungry feeling. When you eat, your blood sugar rises, satisfying your hunger and prompting your pancreas to secrete insulin. Insulin’s job is to transport sugar from the bloodstream into your body cells. Hours later, after insulin has moved enough sugar into the cells and leveled off, your blood sugar dips and you feel hungry again.
首先，讓我們看看當(dāng)你饑餓時(shí)的情況。這時(shí)，低血糖會(huì)讓你產(chǎn)生饑餓的感覺。在你吃東西的時(shí)候，你的血糖會(huì)上升，消除你的饑餓感并促使胰臟分泌胰島素。胰島素 的作用是把血液中的糖分運(yùn)送到你體細(xì)胞中。幾小時(shí)后，當(dāng)胰島素把足夠多的糖分送入細(xì)胞內(nèi)并趨于穩(wěn)定時(shí)，你的血糖量就會(huì)降下來，然后你又會(huì)開始感到饑餓。
But let’s say you snack before you feel hungry again. What happens to your blood sugar then? The French study found that if people snacked without being hungry, their blood sugar stayed the same as if they hadn’t snacked at all. Why? Since the pancreas is still secreting insulin to transport blood sugar from the previous meal, it’s easily stimulated to secrete a little more insulin.
讓我們?cè)賮碚f一說當(dāng)你不餓時(shí)吃零食的情況吧。你的血糖會(huì)怎樣變化呢?法國(guó)研究表明，如果人們?cè)诓火I的情況下吃零食，他們的血糖會(huì)保持不變，就像自己從沒吃 過零食一樣。為什么會(huì)這樣呢?這是由于胰臟仍在分泌胰島素來輸送上一頓飯中的血糖，這時(shí)候吃零食很容易刺激胰臟分泌更多的胰島素。
People’s insulin levels rose, but their blood sugar stayed the same. So, they got hungry at about their usual time, and ate just as much as when they didn’t snack.
人體的胰島素含量會(huì)上升，但是血糖濃度卻保持不變。因此，人們?nèi)匀粫?huì)在平常吃飯的時(shí)間感到饑餓，飯量與他們不吃零食時(shí)一樣多。
If you’re like the folks in the study, snacking when you’re hungry is okay. But when you’re not hungry, snacking probably won’t satisfy you or make you eat less later. Instead, it’ll prompt you to loosen that belt a bit.
如果你和研究里的人一樣，在餓的時(shí)候才吃零食，那是可以的。但如果你不餓，吃零食可能不會(huì)給你飽足感或者讓你隨后少吃點(diǎn)。相反，它會(huì)讓你松松褲帶，吃得更多。
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