醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯

　　當(dāng)今社會(huì)中,不斷更新的科技給我們的生活帶來(lái)了更大便利,但是日理萬(wàn)機(jī)的工作和生活的壓力也給我們帶來(lái)很多的健康問(wèn)題。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯，歡迎閱讀!

　　醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯1

　　椎間盤突出

　　Unit 2 Text A Herniated Disc (Disc Herniation of the Spine)

　　第二單元 主題A 椎間盤突出癥

　　Many patients with back pain, leg pain, or weakness of the lower extremity muscles arediagnosed with a herniated disc.

　　許多患腰腿疼痛，下肢肌端乏力的病患均為椎間盤突出癥。

　　When a disc herniation occurs, the cushion that sits between the spinal vertebra is pushedoutside its normal position.

　　椎間盤突出發(fā)生時(shí)，脊柱間的緩沖帶將發(fā)生側(cè)突。

　　A hrniated disc would not be a problem if it weren't for the spinal nerves that are very close tothe edge of these spinal discs.

　　如果脊神經(jīng)不是離椎間盤特別近的話，椎間盤突出就不是什么大問(wèn)題了。

　　HOW ARE THE SPINE AND ITS DISCS DESIGNED?

　　脊柱與椎間盤

　　The vertebras are the bony building blocks of the spine.

　　脊椎是建造脊柱的構(gòu)件。

　　Between each of the largest parts (bodies) of the vertebrae are the discs.

　　各椎骨之間為椎間盤。

　　Ligaments are situated around the spine and discs.

　　脊椎和椎間盤周圍散布著韌帶。

　　The spine has seven vertebrae in the neck (cervical vertebrae), 12 vertebrae in the mid-back(thoracic vertebrae) , and five vertebrae in the low back (lumbar vertebrae).

　　頸部有7條椎骨，胸部為12條，腰部有5條。

　　In addition, in the mid-buttock, beneath the fifth lumbar vertebra, is the sacrum, followed bythe tailbone (coccyx)

　　此外，在臀部中央，第五條腰椎下面為薦骨，再往下是尾骨。

　　The bony spine is designed so that vertebrae "stacke" together can provide a movable supportstructure while also protecting the spinal cord ( nervous tissue that extends down the spinalcolumn from the brain) from injury.

　　椎骨之間“層層疊加”，支撐身體移動(dòng)構(gòu)架，并保護(hù)脊髓(大腦神經(jīng)組織在脊柱的延伸)。

　　Each vertebra has a spinous process, which is a bony prominence behind the spinal cord thatshields the cord s nerve tissue.

　　每個(gè)椎體都有一個(gè)棘突，即位于脊髓后方、保護(hù)脊髓神經(jīng)組織的骨性突起。

　　The vertebrae also have a strong bony "body" in front of the spinal cord to provide a platformsuitable for weight-bearing.

　　脊髓外部為椎骨，椎骨是人體的負(fù)重部位。

　　The discs are pads that serve as "cushions" between the vertebral bodies that serve tominimize the impact of movement on the spinal column.

　　椎間盤充當(dāng)各椎體間的“襯墊”，椎體的作用是承受負(fù)重，將脊柱壓力減到最小。

　　Each disc is designed like a jelly donut with a central softer component ( nucleus pulposus).

　　椎間盤就像果凍甜甜圈，中間為軟組織髓核。

　　Ligaments are strong fibrous soft tissues that firmly attach bones to bones.

　　韌帶由極具彈性的纖維軟組織組成，連接骨與骨。

　　Ligaments attach each of the vertebrae and surround each of the discs.

　　韌帶與每條椎骨相連，并附著在椎間盤周圍。

　　When ligaments are injured as the disc degenerates, localized pain in the area affected canresult.

　　隨著椎間盤退行性變，韌帶損傷，疼痛在所難免。

　　WHAT IS THE SPINAL DISC?

　　什么是椎間盤

　　The spinal disc is a soft cushion that sits between each vertebra of the spine.

　　各椎體之間存在著充當(dāng)“緩沖墊”的椎間盤。

　　This spinal disc becomes more rigid with age.

　　隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，椎間盤出現(xiàn)僵化。

　　In a young individual, the disc is soft and elastic, but like so many other structures in the body,the disc gradually looses its elasticity and is more vulnerable to injury.

　　對(duì)于年輕人而言，椎間盤柔軟既富彈性，像其它部位一樣，椎間盤也會(huì)逐漸失去彈性，受傷風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。

　　In fact, even in individuals as young as 30, MRIs show evidence of disc deterioration in about30% of people.

　　事實(shí)上，根據(jù)核磁共振顯示，像30歲年輕人，椎間盤的退行性變比例達(dá)30%。

　　醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯2

　　蟑螂奶未來(lái)或成為超級(jí)食品

　　An international team of scientists has just sequenced a protein crystal located in the midgut of cockroaches. The reason?

　　最近，一個(gè)國(guó)際科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)確定了蟑螂中腸內(nèi)的蛋白質(zhì)晶體的結(jié)構(gòu)序列。為什么要研究這個(gè)?

　　It’s more than four times as nutritious as cow’s milk and, the researchers think it could be the key to feeding our growing population in the future.

　　因?yàn)樗臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值是牛奶的四倍多。研究人員認(rèn)為在人口不斷增長(zhǎng)的將來(lái)，蟑螂奶可以成為人類的重要食物。

　　Although most cockroaches don’t actually produce milk, Diploptera punctate, which is the only known cockroach to give birth to live young, has been shown to pump out a type of ‘milk’ containing protein crystals to feed its babies.

　　盡管大多數(shù)蟑螂自身并不產(chǎn)奶，但有一種斑點(diǎn)折翅類蟑螂，是目前已知的唯一一種胎生蟑螂，它會(huì)分泌出一種含有蛋白質(zhì)晶體的“奶”來(lái)喂養(yǎng)下一代。

　　The fact that an insect produces milk is pretty fascinating – but what fascinated researchers is the fact that a single one of these protein crystals contains more than three times the amount of energy found in an equivalent amount of buffalo milk (which is also higher in calories then dairy milk).

　　昆蟲產(chǎn)奶這一事實(shí)本身已十分有趣，但更讓研究者感興趣的是一份蛋白質(zhì)晶體中所含的能量是相同重量的水牛奶的三倍(所含熱量也比相同重量的牛奶多)。

　　Clearly milking a cockroach isn’t the most feasible option, so an international team of scientists headed by researchers from the Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine in India decided to sequence the genes responsible for producing the milk protein crystals to see if they could somehow replicate them in the lab.

　　顯然，要像擠牛奶一樣擠蟑螂的“奶”并不是個(gè)切實(shí)可行的方法，所以這個(gè)國(guó)際科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)就決定測(cè)定控制產(chǎn)生蛋白質(zhì)晶體的基因序列，嘗試在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)復(fù)制這組基因。該團(tuán)隊(duì)的領(lǐng)頭人是印度干細(xì)胞生物學(xué)和再生醫(yī)學(xué)研究院的研究人員。

　　"The crystals are like a complete food - they have proteins, fats and sugars. If you look into the protein sequences, they have all the essential amino acids," said Sanchari Banerjee, one of the team, in an interview with the Times of India.

　　其中一名隊(duì)員桑賈利·班納吉在《印度時(shí)報(bào)》的采訪中說(shuō)道：“這些晶體就像完整的食物，有蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪還有糖分。如果你仔細(xì)研究蛋白質(zhì)序列，還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們含有一切必不可少的氨基酸。”

　　Not only is the milk a dense source of calories and nutrients, it’s also time released. As the protein in the milk is digested, the crystal releases more protein at an equivalent rate to continue the digestion.

　　蟑螂奶不僅富含熱量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，同時(shí)也具有時(shí)間控釋性的。當(dāng)奶中的蛋白質(zhì)被消化，晶體會(huì)相應(yīng)地釋放出等量的蛋白質(zhì)來(lái)繼續(xù)被消化。

　　"It’s time-released food," said Subramanian Ramaswamy, who led the project. "if you need food that is calorifically high, that is time released and food that is complete. This is it."

　　研究負(fù)責(zé)人薩布拉馬年·拉馬斯瓦米說(shuō)：“這是時(shí)間控釋性的食物。如果你需要高熱量、具有時(shí)間控釋性并且營(yíng)養(yǎng)全面的食物，那么非它莫屬了。”

　　It’s important to point out that this dense protein source is definitely never going to be for those trying to lose weight, and probably isn’t even required for most western diets, where we are already eating too many calories per day.

　　需要指出的是，這種高蛋白質(zhì)的食物并不適合想要減肥的人，也不適合大多數(shù)西方人的飲食，因?yàn)槲鞣饺嗣刻煲呀?jīng)攝入了太多的卡路里。

　　But for those who struggle to get the amount of calories required per day, this could be a quick and easy way to get calories and nutrients.

　　但是對(duì)于那些每天努力要獲得足夠熱量的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這將是他們獲取熱量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)快捷而簡(jiǎn)單的方式。

　　"They're very stable. They can be a fantastic protein supplement," said Ramaswamy.

　　拉馬斯瓦米說(shuō)：“它們十分穩(wěn)定，將會(huì)是極好的蛋白質(zhì)補(bǔ)充物。”

　　Now the researchers have the sequence, they are hoping to get yeast to produce the crystal in much larger quantities- making it slightly more efficient (and less gross) than extracting crystals from cockroach’s guts.

　　目前科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)測(cè)定出了結(jié)構(gòu)序列，他們希望用酵母大量生產(chǎn)這種蛋白質(zhì)晶體，相比直接從蟑螂腸中獲取能更有效率一點(diǎn)，也比較不會(huì)令人惡心。

　　醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯3

　　“超級(jí)基因”將使人類不再患病

　　The study of nearly 600,000 people found 13 who should have developed debilitating diseases, but did not.

　　在這項(xiàng)基于60萬(wàn)人的醫(yī)學(xué)研究中，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)有13人本應(yīng)該患有衰弱性疾病，但是卻并沒有任何跡象顯示他們?cè)羞^(guò)類似病史。

　　The hope is discovering what, against the odds, keeps them healthy and if that could lead to new therapies.

　　鑒于這樣有這樣的情況存在，科學(xué)家們希望弄明白到底是什么原因使得他們能夠保持健康，并且研究是否有可能因此開發(fā)出新的治療手段。

　　Experts said the approach, published in Nature Biotechnology, was "fascinating" but that it was still early days.

　　專家表示，《自然生物技術(shù)》上發(fā)表的這種研究方法非常“令人著迷”，但就目前的研究成果來(lái)說(shuō)，下結(jié)論還為時(shí)尚早。

　　Errors in our code of life - our DNA - can cause disease.

　　如果我們的生命代碼DNA出錯(cuò)了的話，我們就會(huì)得病。

　　Large numbers of studies have tried to understand these mutations by looking at people who become ill.

　　許多研究都希望通過(guò)觀察病人來(lái)試圖了解基因突變。

　　But the international team of researchers tried the opposite approach - searching for people harbouring damaging mutations but who remain healthy.

　　但這支由各國(guó)科學(xué)家組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)卻另辟蹊徑。他們研究那些本該因?yàn)閲?yán)重基因突變而患病，但是卻仍然健康的人。

　　"Millions of years of evolution have produced far more protective mechanisms than we currently understand," said Dr Eric Schadt from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York.

　　紐約西奈山醫(yī)院伊坎醫(yī)學(xué)院的Eric Schadt博士說(shuō)：“數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的進(jìn)化使得人類的身體擁有了許多保護(hù)機(jī)制，而我們目前對(duì)此還知之甚少。”

　　He added: "Most genomic studies focus on finding the cause of a disease, but we see tremendous opportunity in figuring out what keeps people healthy."

　　他還說(shuō)道：“大多數(shù)基因組學(xué)的研究都致力于尋找致病原因，但我們卻另辟蹊徑找到了另外一個(gè)具有重要意義的研究方向--即探究到底是什么原因使得人類能夠保持健康。”

　　The researchers scoured DNA databases containing information on 589,306 people.

　　這項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源于一個(gè)擁有589306個(gè)樣本的DNA信息數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

　　They found 13 healthy people who should have developed one of eight genetic diseases: cystic fibrosis, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome, familial dysautonomia, epidermolysis bullosa simplex, Pfeiffer syndrome, autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome, acampomelic campomelic dysplasia and atelosteogenesis.

　　科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)樣本中有13個(gè)人雖然健康，但從DNA信息來(lái)看，他們本應(yīng)該患有遺傳病。從基因信息來(lái)看，他們?cè)?jīng)有可能患上8種不同的遺傳病，包括囊性纖維化、史密斯-雷凌-奧匹茲綜合征、家族性自主神經(jīng)功能異常、單純型大皰性表皮松解、斐弗綜合征、自身免疫性多內(nèi)分泌腺病綜合征、軀干發(fā)育異常癥和骨發(fā)育不全癥。

　　The report said the diseases were so severe that it was "highly unlikely that such an individual would have manifested the disease without it being clearly annotated in their health records".

　　研究報(bào)告稱這些疾病是如此的嚴(yán)重以至于“完全沒有病人患上此類疾病而沒有在健康記錄上清楚地記載的可能性。”

　　Prof Stephen Friend, from the Icahn School of Medicine, said: "Finding these individuals is a starting point to searching for the other changes, eg in the genome, that might give us clues to develop therapies.

　　來(lái)自伊坎醫(yī)學(xué)院的史蒂芬·佛倫德教師說(shuō)道：“這些個(gè)體案例的發(fā)現(xiàn)為我們指出了另外一個(gè)研究方向，我們開始對(duì)諸如基因組等對(duì)象進(jìn)行研究，希望發(fā)現(xiàn)使得他們保持健康的原因。并且探尋是否有可能據(jù)此開發(fā)出新的治療手段。”

　　"Study the healthy, don’t just study the sick."

　　“我們應(yīng)該研究人們保持健康的原因，而不僅僅執(zhí)著于尋找到底是什么原因使人得病。”

　　However, this is where the tantalising story ends. The scientists were unable to go out and find the lucky 13 because of the consent rules signed when their DNA sample was taken.

　　但這項(xiàng)前景無(wú)限的研究卻無(wú)法再進(jìn)行下去了?？茖W(xué)家們無(wú)法找出那13名幸運(yùn)的人，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诰璜I(xiàn)DNA信息的時(shí)候曾簽署保密協(xié)議，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不得泄露捐獻(xiàn)人的個(gè)人信息。

　　It means they do not know what is protecting them against disease.

　　這意味著無(wú)法弄清楚到底是什么原因使得他們能夠保持健康。

　　It also leaves the team unable to prove that errors in testing, bad record keeping or mosaicism - in which the genetic defect affects only some cells in the body - are not behind their findings.

　　同時(shí)，這也使得這項(xiàng)研究無(wú)法在邏輯上成立。因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)家們無(wú)法證明他們的研究結(jié)果是否是因?yàn)殄e(cuò)誤或者不當(dāng)保存的DNA信息，又或者僅僅是因?yàn)檫z傳缺陷只對(duì)部分細(xì)胞起作用的“嵌合現(xiàn)象。”

　　"Because of the inability to confirm the source or validity of the variants and the inability to recontact the individuals, this paper does not constitute a proof of principle," Dr Ada Hamosh, from Johns Hopkins University, argued.

　　來(lái)自約翰霍普斯金大學(xué)的艾達(dá)·哈米什教授說(shuō)道：“由于這項(xiàng)研究不能確認(rèn)數(shù)據(jù)的來(lái)源或者基因突變樣本的有效性，同時(shí)也不能和數(shù)據(jù)樣本再聯(lián)系以進(jìn)行后續(xù)研究，所以這篇論文在理論證明上缺少證據(jù)。”

　　And while Dr Scott Hebbring, from the University of Wisconsin, described the study as "fascinating" he also cautioned that diseases can present very differently even between patients that have same mutations.

　　而對(duì)來(lái)自威士康星大學(xué)的斯科特教授來(lái)說(shuō)，盡管這項(xiàng)研究非常“令人著迷”，但他也強(qiáng)調(diào)到，即使是具有相同基因突變的病人，他們的病發(fā)癥狀也可能會(huì)顯著不同。

　　Some may have few symptoms at all.

　　有些人可能根本不會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出任何癥狀。