新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)精選必背文章

　　《新概念英語(yǔ)》是我國(guó)引進(jìn)外國(guó)教材比較成功的一種,尤其第三冊(cè)(技能的培養(yǎng))部分,句型集中,詞匯豐富,用法新穎。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來的新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)精選必背文章，歡迎閱讀!

　　新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)精選必背文章1

　　The process of ageing衰老過程

　　At the age of twelve years, the human body is at its most vigorous. It has yet to reach its full size and strength, and its owner his or her full intelligence; but at this age the likelihood of death is least. Earlier, we were infants and young children, and consequently more vulnerable; later, we shall undergo a progressive loss of our vigour and resistance which, though imperceptible at first, will finally become so steep that we can live no longer, however well we look after ourselves, and however well society, and our doctors, look after us. This decline in vigour with the passing of time is called ageing. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually ‘die of old age’, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favour of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. Some of us will die sooner, a few will live longer----on into a ninth or tenth decade. But the chances are against it, and there is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, however lucky and robust we are.

　　Normal people tend to forget this process unless and until they are reminded of it. We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time, of becoming more likely to die the older we get, was something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the wearing-out of a pair of shoes. They have also assumed that all animals, and probably other organisms such as trees, or even the universe itself, must in the nature of things ‘wear out’. Most animals we commonly observe do in fact age as we do, if given the chance to live long enough; and mechanical systems like a wound watch, or the sun, do in fact run out of energy in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics (whether the whole universe does so is a moot point at present). But these are not analogous to what happens when man ages. A run-down watch is still a watch and can be rewound. An old watch, by contrast, becomes so worn and unreliable that it eventually is not worth mending. But a watch could never repair itself----it does not consist of living parts, only of metal, which wears away by friction. We could, at one time, repair ourselves----well enough, at least, to overcome all but the most instantly fatal illnesses and accidents. Between twelve and eighty years we gradually lose this power; an illness which at twelve would knock us over, at eighty can knock us out, and into our grave. If we could stay as vigorous as we are at twelve, it would take about 700 years for half of us to die, and another 700 for the survivors to be reduced by half again.

　　人體在12歲時(shí)是生命力最旺盛的時(shí)期。雖然在這個(gè)時(shí)期人的身材、體力和智力還有待發(fā)展和完善，但在這個(gè)年齡死亡的可能性最小。再早一些，我們是幼兒和小孩子，身體較脆弱;再遲一些，我們就要經(jīng)歷生命力和抵抗力逐步衰退的過程。雖然這個(gè)過程起初難以覺察，但最終會(huì)急轉(zhuǎn)直下，不管我們?cè)鯓泳恼樟衔覀冏约?，不管社?huì)和醫(yī)生怎樣對(duì)我們進(jìn)行精心照顧，我們也無(wú)法再活下去了。生命力隨時(shí)間的流失而衰退叫做衰老。人類發(fā)現(xiàn)的最不愉快的一個(gè)事實(shí)是：人必然會(huì)衰老。既使我們能避開戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、意外的事故和各種疾病，我們最終也會(huì)“老死”;衰老的速度在人與人之間相差甚微，我們最可能死亡的年齡在65至80歲之間，有些人會(huì)死得早一些，少數(shù)人壽命會(huì)長(zhǎng)一些——活到八十幾歲或九十幾歲，但這種可能性很小。不管我們多么幸運(yùn)，多么健壯，我們所希望的長(zhǎng)壽實(shí)際上是有限度的。

　　衰老的過程，不經(jīng)提起，正常人容易忘記;一經(jīng)提醒，才會(huì)記起。我們對(duì)人總是要衰老的現(xiàn)象并不陌生，多年來就已認(rèn)識(shí)到。生命力隨著時(shí)間流失而喪失活力，人隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而接近死亡，這是不言而喻的，就像一壺?zé)崴t早會(huì)涼下來，一雙鞋漸漸會(huì)磨破一樣。人們不但認(rèn)識(shí)到所有的動(dòng)物，大概也認(rèn)識(shí)到所有的有機(jī)物，如樹木，甚至宇宙本身，從事物的本質(zhì)上來說都會(huì)“磨損掉”。我們通?？吹降拇蠖鄶?shù)動(dòng)物，即使能讓它們活得足夠長(zhǎng)久的話，也會(huì)像我們一樣衰老的。像上緊發(fā)條的手表那樣的機(jī)械裝置，或太陽(yáng)，也都會(huì)消耗完其能量(整個(gè)宇宙是否如此，目前尚有爭(zhēng)論)。不過，這些衰老的情況同人并不相似。手表停了依然是只手表，還可以重上好發(fā)條。然而一只老掉牙的手表，磨損太厲害，老得一點(diǎn)兒也不準(zhǔn)了，最終會(huì)不值得修理了。但是，手表決不會(huì)自行修理，它不是由有生命的部件組成，而是由金屬組成，而金屬可以隨著磨擦而磨損殆盡。而我們?nèi)?，在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)是可以自行修復(fù)的，除了暴病而死或意外事故外，至少足以克服一切一般疾病和事故。在12歲至80歲之間，我們逐漸喪失這種能力。能使我們?cè)?2歲時(shí)病倒的疾病，到了80歲可能會(huì)使我們一蹶不振而進(jìn)入墳?zāi)埂＜偃缥覀兡鼙３?2歲時(shí)的旺盛生命力，那么我們當(dāng)中的一半人過700年才死去，剩下的一半人再過700年，才會(huì)又減少一半。

　　新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)精選必背文章2

　　What every writer want作家之所需

　　I have known very few writers, but those I have known, and whom I respect, confess at once that they have little idea where they are going when they first set pen to paper. They have a character, perhaps two; they are in that condition of eager discomfort which passes for inspiration; all admit radical changes of destination once the journey has begun; one, to my certain knowledge, spent nine months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the whole thing in the Scottish Highlands. I never heard of anyone making a ‘skeleton’, as we were taught at school. In the breaking and remaking, in the timing, interweaving, beginning afresh, the writer comes to discern things in his material which were not consciously in his mind when he began. This organic process, often leading to moments of extraordinary self-discovery, is of an indescribable fascination. A blurred image appears; he adds a brushstroke and another, and it is gone; but something was there, and he will not rest till he has captured it. Sometimes the yeast within a writer outlives a book he has written. I have heard of writers who read nothing but their own books; like adolescents they stand before the mirror, and still cannot fathom the exact outline of the vision before them. For the same reason, writers talk interminably about their own books, winkling out hidden meanings, super-imposing new ones, begging response from those around them. Of course a writer doing this is misunderstood: he might as well try to explain a crime or a love affair. He is also, incidentally, an unforgivable bore.

　　This temptation to cover the distance between himself and the reader, to study his image in the sight of those who do not know him, can be his undoing: he has begun to write to please.

　　A young English writer made the pertinent observation a year or two back that the talent goes into the first draft, and the art into the drafts that follow. For this reason also the writer, like any other artist, has no resting place, no crowd or movement in which he may take comfort, no judgment from outside which can replace the judgment from within. A writer makes order out of the anarchy of his heart; he submits himself to a more ruthless discipline than any critic dreamed of, and when he flirts with fame, he is taking time off from living with himself, from the search for what his world contains at its inmost point.

　　我所認(rèn)識(shí)的作家寥寥無(wú)幾，然而凡是我所認(rèn)識(shí)和尊敬的作家，都立即承認(rèn)在他們動(dòng)筆時(shí)，不清楚要寫什么，怎么寫。他們心中有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)角色。他們處于急切不安的狀態(tài)，而這被當(dāng)作是靈感。他們無(wú)不承認(rèn)，一旦“旅程”開始，“目的地”常有急劇的變化。據(jù)我所知，有位作家花了9個(gè)月的時(shí)間寫了一部有關(guān)克什米爾的小說，后來卻把整個(gè)故事背景換成了蘇格蘭高地。我從未聽說過任何一位作家像我們?cè)趯W(xué)校學(xué)的那樣，動(dòng)筆前先列什么提綱。作家在剪裁修改、構(gòu)思時(shí)間、穿插情節(jié)、以至從頭重寫的過程中，會(huì)領(lǐng)悟到素材中有很多東西是他剛動(dòng)筆時(shí)所未意識(shí)到的。這種有機(jī)的加工過程往往達(dá)到不尋常自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的境界，具有難以言表的構(gòu)思魅力。一個(gè)朦朧的形象出現(xiàn)在作家的腦海里，他左添一筆，右添一筆，形象反而消逝了;可是，好像還有什么東西存在著，不把它捕捉到，作家是不會(huì)罷休的。有時(shí)，一個(gè)作家一本書寫完了，但興奮仍不消散。我聽說一些作家，除了自己的書外，別的書一概不讀，猶如希臘神話中那位漂亮少年，站在鏡前，不能辨認(rèn)出自身的真面目。由于這個(gè)原因，作家喋喋不休地談?wù)撟约旱臅?，挖掘其隱晦的含義，增添新的含義，詢問周圍人的反應(yīng)。作家如此行事當(dāng)然會(huì)被人誤解。他還不如給人講一個(gè)犯罪案件或一個(gè)戀愛故事。順便說一句，他也是個(gè)不可饒恕的令人厭煩的人。

　　這種企圖消除自己和讀者之間距離的作法，企圖用不了解自己的人的觀點(diǎn)來研究自己塑造的形象的作法，會(huì)導(dǎo)致作家的毀滅，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)開始為取悅他人而寫作了。

　　一兩年前，一位年輕的英國(guó)作家發(fā)表了中肯的看法。他說，初稿是才華，以后各稿是藝術(shù)。也是由于這個(gè)原因，作家同任何藝術(shù)家一樣，找不到可休息的場(chǎng)所，找不到伙伴和活動(dòng)使自己得到安逸。任何局外人的判斷也比不上他自己內(nèi)心的正確判斷。一旦作家從內(nèi)心的紊亂中理出頭緒，就應(yīng)按任何評(píng)論家想像不到的無(wú)情規(guī)范約束自己去寫作;當(dāng)他沽名釣譽(yù)時(shí)，他就脫離了自我生活，脫離了對(duì)自己靈魂最深處世界的探索。

　　新概念英語(yǔ)第三冊(cè)精選必背文章3

　　Patterns of culture 文化的模式

　　Custom has not commonly been regarded as a subject of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely worthy of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonplace. As a matter of fact, it is the other way around. Traditional custom, taken the world over, is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than what any one person can ever evolve in individual actions, no matter how aberrant. Yet that is a rather trivial aspect of the matter. The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant role that custom plays in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties it may manifest.

　　No man ever looks at the world with pristine eyes. He sees it edited by a definite set of customs and institutions and ways of thinking. Even in his philosophical probings he cannot go behind these stereotypes; his very concepts of the true and the false will still have reference to his particular traditional customs. John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up into the vernacular of his family. When one seriously studies the social orders that have had the opportunity to develop autonomously, the figure becomes no more than an exact and matter-of-fact observation. The life history of the individual is first and foremost an accommodation to the patterns and standards traditionally handed down in his community. From the moment of his birth, the customs into which he is born shape his experience and behavior. By the time he can talk, he is the little creature of his culture, and by the time he is grown and able to take part in its activities, its habits are his habits, its beliefs his beliefs, its impossibilities his impossibilities. Every child that is born into his group will share them with him, and no child born into one on the opposite side of the globe can ever achieve the thousandth part. There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. Until we are intelligent as to its laws and varieties, the main complicating facts of human life must remain unintelligible.

　　The study of custom can be profitable only after certain preliminary propositions have been accepted, and some of these propositions have been violently opposed. In the first place, any scientific study requires that there be no preferential weighting of one or another of the items in the series it selects for its consideration. In all the less controversial fields, like the study of cacti or termites or the nature of nebulae, the necessary method of study is to group the relevant material and to take note of all possible variant forms and conditions. In this way, we have learned all that we know of the laws of astronomy, or of the habits of the social insects, let us say. It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western civilization.

　　Anthropology was by definition impossible, as long as these distinctions between ourselves and the primitive, ourselves and the barbarian, ourselves and the pagan, held sway over people's minds. It was necessary first to arrive at that degree of sophistication where we no longer set our own belief against our neighbor’s superstition. It was necessary to recognize that these institutions which are based on the same premises, let us say the supernatural, must be considered together, our own among the rest.

　　風(fēng)俗一般未被認(rèn)為是什么重要的課題。我們覺得，只有我們大腦內(nèi)部的活動(dòng)情況才值得研究，至于風(fēng)俗呢，只是些司空見慣的行為而已。事實(shí)上，情況正好相反。從世界范圍來看，傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗是由許多細(xì)節(jié)性的習(xí)慣行為組成，它比任何個(gè)人養(yǎng)成的行為都更加引人注目，不管個(gè)人行為多么異常。這只是問題的一個(gè)次要的側(cè)面。最重要的是，風(fēng)俗在實(shí)踐中和信仰上所起的舉足輕重的作用，以及它所表現(xiàn)出來的極其豐富多采的形式。

　　沒有一個(gè)人是用純潔而無(wú)偏見的眼光看待世界。人們所看到的是一個(gè)受特定的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、制度和思想方式剪輯過的世界。甚至在哲學(xué)領(lǐng)域的探索中，人們也無(wú)法超越這些定型的框框。人們關(guān)于真與偽的概念依然和特定的傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗有關(guān)。約翰•杜威曾經(jīng)非常嚴(yán)肅地指出：風(fēng)俗在形成個(gè)人行為方面所起的作用和一個(gè)人對(duì)風(fēng)俗的任何影響相比，就好像他本國(guó)語(yǔ)言的總詞匯量和自己咿呀學(xué)語(yǔ)時(shí)他家庭所接納的他的詞匯量之比。當(dāng)一個(gè)人認(rèn)真地研究自發(fā)形成的社會(huì)秩序時(shí)，杜威的比喻就是他實(shí)事求是觀察得來的形象化的說法。個(gè)人的生活史首先就是適應(yīng)他的社團(tuán)世代相傳形成的生活方式和準(zhǔn)則。從他呱呱墜地的時(shí)刻起，他所生于其中的風(fēng)俗就開始塑造他的經(jīng)歷和行為規(guī)范。到他會(huì)說話時(shí)，他就是傳統(tǒng)文化塑造的一個(gè)小孩子了;等他長(zhǎng)大了，能做各種事了，他的社團(tuán)的習(xí)慣就是他的習(xí)慣，他的社團(tuán)的信仰就是他的信仰，他的社團(tuán)不能做的事就是他不能做的事。每一個(gè)和他誕生在同一個(gè)社團(tuán)中的孩子和他一樣具有相同的風(fēng)俗;而在地球的另一邊，誕生在另一個(gè)社團(tuán)的孩子與他就很少有相同的風(fēng)俗。沒有任何一個(gè)社會(huì)問題比得上風(fēng)俗的作用問題更要求我們對(duì)它理解。直到我們理解了風(fēng)俗的規(guī)律性和多樣性，我們才能明白人類生活中主要的復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象。

　　只有在某些基本的主張被接受下來、同時(shí)有些主張被激烈反對(duì)時(shí)，對(duì)風(fēng)俗的研究才是全面的，才會(huì)有收獲。首先，任何科學(xué)研究都要求人們對(duì)可供考慮的諸多因素不能厚此薄彼，偏向某一方面。在一切爭(zhēng)議較小的領(lǐng)域里，如對(duì)仙人掌、白蟻或星云性質(zhì)的研究，應(yīng)采取的研究方法是，把有關(guān)各方面的材料匯集起來，同時(shí)注意任何可能出現(xiàn)的異常情況和條件。例如，用這種方法，我們完全掌握了天文學(xué)的規(guī)律和昆蟲群居的習(xí)性。只是在對(duì)人類自身的研究中，各主要的社會(huì)學(xué)科才用對(duì)一個(gè)局部地區(qū)各種情況的研究(如對(duì)西方文明的研究)來代替對(duì)全人類的研究。只要我們同原始人，我們同野蠻人，我們同異教徒之間存在的區(qū)別在人的思想中占主導(dǎo)地位，那么人類學(xué)按其定義來說就無(wú)法存在。我們首先需要達(dá)到這樣一種成熟的程度：不用自己的信仰去反對(duì)我們鄰居的迷信。必須認(rèn)識(shí)到，這些建立在相同前提基礎(chǔ)上的風(fēng)俗，暫且可以說是超自然的東西，必須放在一起加以考慮，我們自己的風(fēng)俗和其他民族的風(fēng)俗都在其中。