關(guān)于優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯
關(guān)于優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯
對(duì)于當(dāng)代初中學(xué)生來(lái)講,英語(yǔ)閱讀能力在很大程度上影響著其英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)用能力。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編帶來(lái)的關(guān)于優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯，歡迎閱讀!
關(guān)于優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯篇一
hildren’s numerical skills
people appear to born to compute. The numerical skills of children develop so early and soinexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding theirgrowth. Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impress accuracy---one knife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs. Soon they are capable of nothingthat they have placed five knives, spoons and forks on the table and, a bit later, that thisamounts to fifteen pieces of silverware. Having thus mastered addition, they move on tosubtraction. It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desertisland at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment.
Of course, the truth is not so simple. This century, the work of cognitive psychologists hasilluminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends. Childrenwere observed as they slowly grasped-----or, as the case might be, bumped into-----conceptsthat adults take for quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short glass into a tall thinone. Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in apile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total.Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, andwith effort. They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers------theidea of a oneness,
a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doinganything more mathematically demanding than setting a table-----is itself far from innate
兒童的數(shù)學(xué)能力
人似乎生來(lái)就會(huì)計(jì)算。孩子們使用數(shù)字的技能發(fā)展得如此之早和如此必然，很容易讓人想象有一個(gè)內(nèi)在的精確而成熟的數(shù)字鐘在指導(dǎo)他們的成長(zhǎng)。
孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)會(huì)走路和說(shuō)話后不久，就能以令人驚嘆的準(zhǔn)確布置桌子--五把椅子前面分別擺上一把刀、一個(gè)湯匙、一把叉
子。很快地，他們就能知道他們已在桌面上擺放了五把刀、五個(gè)湯匙、五把叉子。沒(méi)有多久，他們就又能知道這些東西加起來(lái)總共是15把銀餐具。
如此這般地掌握了加法之后，他們又轉(zhuǎn)向減法。有一種設(shè)想幾乎順理成章，那就是，即使一個(gè)孩子一出生就被隔絕到荒島
上，七年后返回世間，也能直接上小學(xué)二年級(jí)的數(shù)學(xué)課，而不會(huì)碰到任何智力調(diào)整方面的大麻煩。當(dāng)然，事實(shí)并沒(méi)有這么簡(jiǎn)單。
本世紀(jì)認(rèn)知心理學(xué)家的工作已經(jīng)揭示了智力發(fā)展所依賴(lài)的日常學(xué)習(xí)的微妙形式。他們觀察到孩子們緩慢掌握那些成年人認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的概念的
過(guò)程，或者是孩子們偶然遇到這些概念的過(guò)程。他們也觀察到孩子們拒絕承認(rèn)某些常識(shí)的情況。比如：
孩子們拒絕承認(rèn)當(dāng)水從短而粗的瓶中倒入細(xì)而長(zhǎng)的瓶子中時(shí)，水的數(shù)量沒(méi)有變化。心理學(xué)家們而后又展示一個(gè)例子，
即：讓孩子們數(shù)一堆鉛筆時(shí)，他們能順利地報(bào)出藍(lán)鉛筆或紅鉛筆的數(shù)目，但卻需誘導(dǎo)才能報(bào)出總的數(shù)目。此類(lèi)研究表明：數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是經(jīng)過(guò)逐漸努力后掌握的。
他們還表示抽象的數(shù)字概念，如可表示任何一類(lèi)物品并且是在做比擺桌子有更高數(shù)學(xué)要求的任何事時(shí)都必備的一、二、三意識(shí)，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是天生就具備的。
關(guān)于優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯篇二
The Origin of Sports
When did sport begin? If sport is, in essence, play, the claim might be made that sport ismuch older than humankind, for , as we all have observed, the beasts play. Dogs and catswrestle and play ball games. Fishes and birds dance. The apes have simple, pleasurable games.Frolicking infants, school children playing tag, and adult arm wrestlers are demonstratingstrong, transgenerational and transspecies bonds with the universe of animals – past, present,and future. Young animals, particularly, tumble, chase, run wrestle, mock, imitate, and laugh(or so it seems) to the point of delighted exhaustion. Their play, and ours, appears to serve noother purpose than to give pleasure to the players, and apparently, to remove us temporarilyfrom the anguish of life in earnest.
Some philosophers have claimed that our playfulness is the most noble part of our basic nature.In their generous conceptions, play harmlessly and experimentally permits us to put ourcreative forces, fantasy, and imagination into action. Play is release from the tedious battlesagainst scarcity and decline which are the incessant, and inevitable, tragedies of life. This isa grand conception that excites and provokes. The holders of this view claim that the originsof our highest accomplishments ---- liturgy, literature, and law ---- can be traced to a playimpulse which, paradoxically, we see most purely enjoyed by young beasts and children. Oursports, in this rather happy, nonfatalistic view of human nature, are more splendid creations ofthe nondatable, transspecies play impulse.
體育的起源
體育運(yùn)動(dòng)開(kāi)始于何時(shí)?如果體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的本質(zhì)就是游戲的話，我們就可以宣稱(chēng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)比
人類(lèi)古老，因?yàn)檎缥覀兯^察到的，野獸也進(jìn)行嬉戲。狗和貓會(huì)扭抱玩球，魚(yú)和鳥(niǎo)翩翩起舞，猿類(lèi)會(huì)進(jìn)行一些簡(jiǎn)單的、愉快的游戲。
雀躍的幼兒，捉迷藏的學(xué)童和成年摔跤者展示出人與動(dòng)物界的有力的跨越世代與物種的永恒的聯(lián)系--特別是幼獸，它們翻筋斗、追逐、
奔跑、扭打、模仿、嬉笑(或者看起來(lái)是)，直到愉快地精疲力盡。他們的玩耍，同我們的
一樣，似乎并沒(méi)有別的目的而只是給游戲者以愉悅，暫時(shí)把我們從嚴(yán)肅生活的痛苦中拉出來(lái)。一些哲學(xué)家稱(chēng)我們的嬉戲是我們本質(zhì)中最崇高的部分。
依他們這些隨意性很大的見(jiàn)解，游戲無(wú)害而且實(shí)驗(yàn)性地允許我們的創(chuàng)造力、幻想和想象發(fā)揮作用。游戲讓人們從永不間斷亦
不可避免的生活悲劇-與乏匱和衰退進(jìn)行的枯燥抗?fàn)幹械玫揭环N解脫。這是一個(gè)令人興奮、給人啟發(fā)的偉大見(jiàn)解。
這種見(jiàn)解的持有者宣稱(chēng)，我們的最高成就如宗教典禮、文學(xué)、法律的起源可以追溯到游戲的沖動(dòng)。但令人不解的是我們看到只有幼獸和小孩子才最純粹地享
受著這種沖動(dòng)。從這種比較豁達(dá)和非宿命的人性觀來(lái)看，我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)是超時(shí)代、跨物種的輝煌的創(chuàng)造。
關(guān)于優(yōu)秀英語(yǔ)文章帶翻譯篇三
Ford
Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced – in effect creating a market for the product. In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, including sobriety, thriftiness, industriousness, and dependability. Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.
亨利•福特
盡管亨利•福特的名字和大生產(chǎn)的概念相連，但他在勞工保護(hù)上得到同樣的贊譽(yù)，因?yàn)?/p>
他早在1913年便實(shí)行了用今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量依然是先進(jìn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。安全措施得到改進(jìn)，日工作時(shí)間從當(dāng)時(shí)普遍的10或12小時(shí)減少到8小時(shí)。
為了適應(yīng)更短的日工作時(shí)間，整個(gè)工廠從雙班變成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工傷醫(yī)療得以制度化。福特汽車(chē)公司是最早建
立技術(shù)學(xué)校來(lái)培訓(xùn)專(zhuān)門(mén)技工和為移民開(kāi)設(shè)英語(yǔ)學(xué)校的工廠之一。公司甚至為雇傭殘疾人和
有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受廣泛稱(chēng)贊的革新是實(shí)行五美元一天的最低工資。其目的是招收和留住那些最好的技工并阻礙工會(huì)的發(fā)展。
福特從效率和利潤(rùn)分享的角度來(lái)解釋這項(xiàng)新的工資政策。他也提到這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，他的員工可以買(mǎi)他們生產(chǎn)的汽車(chē)--這實(shí)際上是為其產(chǎn)品另開(kāi)辟了一個(gè)市場(chǎng)。
為了夠資格得到最低工資，員工必須建立一個(gè)得體的家庭并顯示出良好的個(gè)人習(xí)慣，包括節(jié)制、儉省、勤勉和可靠。雖然有人批評(píng)福特過(guò)多地干涉
了員工的私人生活，但毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，在移民們被用惡劣的方式剝削的時(shí)代，亨利•福特卻幫助了許多人在美國(guó)扎下根來(lái)。
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