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英語課外閱讀1
The US Federal Reserve raised short-term interestrates for the third time this year despite concernsover rising trade tensions between the US and itstrading partners.
盡管人們對美國及其貿(mào)易伙伴間不斷升級的貿(mào)易沖突感到擔(dān)憂，美國聯(lián)邦儲備委員會還是今年第三次提高了短期利率。
In a statement that marked the end of the era of "accommodative" monetary policy, Fed policymakerslifted the benchmark overnight lending rate by aquarter of a percentage point to a range of 2% to 2.25%.
在標(biāo)志著“寬松”貨幣政策時代結(jié)束的聲明中，美聯(lián)儲決策者將指標(biāo)隔夜貸款利率上調(diào)0.25個百分點，至2%-2.25%的區(qū)間。
The US central bank still foresees another rate hike in December, three more next year, and oneincrease in 2020.
美聯(lián)儲還預(yù)測今年12月將再加息一次，明年加息三次，2020年加息一次。
That would put the U.S. central bank's benchmark overnight lending rate at 3.4%, roughlyhalf a percentage point above its estimated "neutral" rate of interest.
這將使得美聯(lián)儲的基準(zhǔn)隔夜拆借利率達(dá)到3.4%，大約比其估計的“中性”利率高出0.5個百分點。
That tight policy stance is projected to stay level through 2021.
這種緊縮的政策立場預(yù)計將持續(xù)到2021年。
The Fed sees the economy growing at a faster-than-expected 3.1% this year and continuing toexpand moderately for at least three more years, amid sustained low unemployment andstable inflation near its 2% target.
美聯(lián)儲預(yù)計今年美國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速達(dá)3.1%，高于此前的預(yù)期，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)至少在未來三年內(nèi)繼續(xù)適度擴(kuò)張，失業(yè)率保持低位，通脹穩(wěn)定在2%的目標(biāo)上下。
英語課外閱讀2
China's household debt reached a record high lastyear, adding to worries the burden of debt servicescould weigh on long-term consumer spending anddrag on growth in the world's second-largesteconomy.
中國的家庭債務(wù)在去年達(dá)到了歷史最高水平，令人愈發(fā)擔(dān)憂償債負(fù)擔(dān)可能會抑制長期消費支出，拖累全球第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體的增長。
The country's ratio of household debt to grossdomestic product hit an all-time high of 49.1 percent in 2017, marking an increase of nearly 20 perpercentage points over the past five years, German insurer Allianz said in its latest globalwealth report.
德國保險公司安聯(lián)在其最新的全球財富報告中表示，中國的家庭債務(wù)與國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值(GDP)之比在2017年達(dá)到49.1%的歷史新高，在過去五年里增加近20個百分點。
"This amounts to an increase of 30 percentage points in just 10 years -- no other country sawits private debt burden rising so fast," Allianz said, with the caveat that "China needed to catchup to some extent, as Chinese private households only obtained access to bank loans in 2003".
安聯(lián)公司表示：“這相當(dāng)于在短短10年里增加30個百分點--沒有其他國家的私人債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)增長如此之快。在一定程度上，中國需要追趕，因為中國的私人家庭只是在2003年才獲得申請銀行貸款的渠道。”
The report comes amid concern over the extraordinary increase in Chinese debt since the 2008 global financial crisis.
該報告出爐之際，正值人們對2008年全球金融危機(jī)以來中國債務(wù)異常增長感到擔(dān)憂。
In China, corporations and local governments were the main drivers of the country's debtaccumulation through to 2016, thanks to stimulus policies that promoted investment infactory capacity and public infrastructure.
截至2016年，企業(yè)和地方政府一直是中國債務(wù)積累的主要驅(qū)動力，因為刺激政策促進(jìn)了對工業(yè)產(chǎn)能和公共基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的投資。
But steep increases in house prices have led to an increase in mortgage debt, while the rapidrise of online consumer lending — which barely existed four years ago -- have combined tocause a sharp rise in household debt in the past two years. Regulators have recently crackeddown on risky online lending, causing the flow of loans to slow.
但房價飆漲已導(dǎo)致抵押貸款債務(wù)增加，再加上在線消費貸款(四年前幾乎不存在)快速增長，已在過去兩年期間導(dǎo)致家庭債務(wù)急劇上升。監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)最近打擊了風(fēng)險較高的在線貸款，致使貸款流量減緩。
Chinese household consumption as a share of GDP remains low by international standards at 39.1 per cent. In the US and EU, the same ratio is 68.4 per cent and 55.6 per cent, respectively. But consumption has been the biggest driver of China's GDP growth for fourstraight years.
按國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)衡量，中國家庭消費占GDP的比重仍然較低，為39.1%。在美國和歐盟，這一比重分別為68.4%和55.6%。但消費已連續(xù)四年成為中國GDP增長的最大推動力。
Rising debt and slower growth of household income are sparking concern about the impact onconsumption and growth.
債務(wù)不斷上升，而家庭收入增長放緩，令人擔(dān)憂消費和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長將受到什么影響。
"Consumption decline is the main risk to the economy this year," Jianguang Shen, Chinaeconomist at consumer finance group JD Finance, wrote in a report.
消費金融集團(tuán)京東金融的中國經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家沈建光在一份報告中寫道：“消費下滑是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)今年面臨的主要風(fēng)險。”
He added that, due to rising wealth inequality, the consumption patterns of different groupshave diverged.
他補(bǔ)充說，隨著財富不平等加劇，不同群體的消費模式已出現(xiàn)分化。
"Rising housing prices have a positive influence on those who already have their own houses. Itshows that they have been spending more on luxury goods, advanced education, advancedmedical care and services, and overseas tourism," wrote Mr Shen.
沈建光寫道：“房價上漲對那些已擁有自己房屋的人產(chǎn)生了積極的影響。這體現(xiàn)為他們在奢侈品、高等教育、高端醫(yī)療和服務(wù)以及海外旅游方面的支出更多。”
"But for tenants and those planning to buy a house, rising housing prices will reduce residents'disposable income. They will downgrade their consumption in the short run and pay moreattention to cost."
“但對于那些租房和打算買房的人來說，房價上漲會降低他們的可支配收入。他們在短期內(nèi)會降低消費，也更加注意成本。”
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