用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國(guó)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)
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用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國(guó)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)：Spring and Autumn Period 春秋時(shí)期
Marked by overlord politics, this period was named after the book Spring and Autumn Annals (the history of Lu) adapted by Confucius.
春秋，這一群雄爭(zhēng)霸的時(shí)期，得名與孔子所編撰的一部魯國(guó)史書(shū)《春秋》。
After the eastward move of King Ping, some vassal states progressed in social economy.
周平王東遷后，一些諸侯國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展。
They became stronger while the royal authority took a nose dive, gradually losing its control over them.
它們?nèi)找鎻?qiáng)盛，而王權(quán)則一落千丈，逐漸失去對(duì)諸侯們的控制權(quán)。
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were over 150 kingdoms coexisting with Zhou, among them Qi, Lu, Jin, Yan, Qin, Chu, Wu, Yue, etc were the stronger.
在春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，有超過(guò)150個(gè)諸侯國(guó)與周共存，其中齊，魯，晉，燕，秦，楚，吳，越等國(guó)較為強(qiáng)大。
These powerful states, relying on their military and economic advantages, launched wars to expand their territories; forcing small states follow them so as to establish their dominance as overlords.
這些強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家，依靠自己的軍事和經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)，發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以擴(kuò)大自己的疆土;迫使小國(guó)成為它們的附屬，從而建立自己的統(tǒng)治地位的霸權(quán)。
In the early to middle stage of the Spring and Autumn Period, five dukes, namely Huangong of the Qi state, Xianggong of the Song, Wengong of the Jin, Mugong of the Qin and Zhuangwang of the Chu, once fought for the “ overlordship”，known as the “the Five Overlords of the Spring and Autumn Period”，in which Huangong of Qi was the first one to establish his hegemony by advocating respect the king and repulse the alien tribes. ”
春秋前期至中期，五位諸侯，即齊恒公、宋襄公、晉文公、秦穆公、楚莊王，都曾為了“霸主地位”而發(fā)起過(guò)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，被稱為“春秋五霸”，其中齊桓公首先提出“尊王攘夷”的口號(hào)以建立自己的霸權(quán)。
Continuous wars brought enormous balefulness to the people giving rise to wide opposition in the small states.
連年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)給人民帶來(lái)巨大的災(zāi)難，小諸侯國(guó)內(nèi)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)大范圍的反抗。
Finally, in 579 BC and 546 BC, two treaties were made between Jin and Chu kingdoms, resulting in a short peace in the Central Plains.
最終，在公元前579年至公元前546年，秦國(guó)和楚國(guó)締結(jié)條約，為中原地區(qū)帶來(lái)了短暫的和平。
In the epilogue to the struggle to become overlord of the Central Plains, Wu and Yue, two kingdoms located in the downstream area of the Yangtze River, rose up.
當(dāng)中國(guó)諸侯爭(zhēng)霸戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)進(jìn)入尾聲之時(shí)，地處長(zhǎng)江下游的兩個(gè)國(guó)家吳國(guó)和越國(guó)發(fā)展壯大起來(lái)。
Firstly defeated by the kingdom of Wu, Goujian, the king of Yue, applied himself to the development of agriculture and training his army.
被吳國(guó)打敗之后，越王勾踐臥薪嘗膽，潛心發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，訓(xùn)練軍隊(duì)。
He finally got an opportunity to conquer the Wu and became the last overlord during the Spring and Autumn Period.
最后，他抓住機(jī)會(huì)消滅吳國(guó)，成為在春秋時(shí)期的最后一個(gè)霸主。
According to historical records, during this period, a total of thirty-six kings were killed and fifty-two vassal states were demolished.
據(jù)史料記載，在此期間，共有36國(guó)王被殺，52諸侯國(guó)被消滅。
This constant conflict and annexation of one state by another during the Spring and Autumn Period hastened social and economic change and had the effect of integrating people of different tribes and nationalities.
春秋時(shí)期這種國(guó)與國(guó)之間不斷的沖突和吞并加劇了社會(huì)及經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化，并對(duì)來(lái)自不同部落和國(guó)家的人們產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
The consequence of this period of drastic upheavals, reshufflings and regroupings, what had been several hundred states were reconstituted into seven megastates.
經(jīng)歷了這一時(shí)期的劇烈動(dòng)蕩、兼并、重組，數(shù)百個(gè)諸侯國(guó)最終被七大國(guó)(齊、楚、燕、韓、趙、魏、秦)吸收兼并。
China entered the Warring States Period.
自此，中國(guó)進(jìn)入戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期。
用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國(guó)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)：Battle of Chengpu 城濮之戰(zhàn)
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a conflict between the states of Jin against Chu and its allies in China in 632 BC, which is called the Battle of Chengpu.
城濮之戰(zhàn)發(fā)生在春秋時(shí)期，公元前632年，晉國(guó)和楚國(guó)聯(lián)軍在城濮開(kāi)戰(zhàn)。
The Jin victory confirmed the hegemony of Duke Wen of Jin and checked Chu ambitions in the north for at least a generation.
晉國(guó)的勝利確保了晉文公的霸權(quán)地位也確立了楚國(guó)在北方長(zhǎng)達(dá)至少一代時(shí)間的通知。
The Battle of Chengpu is probably the biggest of the Spring and Autumn Period and definitely the most detailed in the Zuo Zhuan (左傳).
城濮之戰(zhàn)可能是春秋時(shí)期最大的一次戰(zhàn)役，也在左傳中得到了詳細(xì)的記載。
It could be viewed as the first great battle in the protracted conflict between the states of the Yellow River valley, and the states of the Yangtze River valley.
它可被視為黃河流域和長(zhǎng)江流域諸侯國(guó)之間第一次大戰(zhàn)。
用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國(guó)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)：Warring States Period 戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期
After long-term wars, seven kingdoms, namely Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin, appeared as the most powerful states in this period, known as the “Seven Overlords” in history.
經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，齊，楚，燕，韓，趙，魏、秦，戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期內(nèi)最強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家，史稱“戰(zhàn)國(guó)七雄”。
To expand their forces and territories, the seven overlords, on the one hand, carried out reforms in their own states to strengthen themselves and,
為了擴(kuò)大自己的勢(shì)力范圍和領(lǐng)土，這七大國(guó)一方面對(duì)內(nèi)實(shí)行改革，使自己更大強(qiáng)大，
on the other, were warring against each other and scheming to annex other states, which gave rise to the situation of seven powerful states existing side by side and struggling against each other.
另一方面對(duì)外交戰(zhàn)，意圖兼并他國(guó)，這導(dǎo)致了戰(zhàn)國(guó)七雄相互歌劇混戰(zhàn)的局面。
Qin, situated in the remote west, used to be a vassal state enfeoffed by King Ping for Qin Xianggong’s contribution of escorting the king on his move east.
秦，位于西部偏遠(yuǎn)，曾經(jīng)是周平王因秦襄公護(hù)送東遷有功而冊(cè)封給他的諸侯國(guó)。
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qin Mugong annexed twelve states, largely expanding his territory, making himself an overlord.
在春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，秦穆公吞并十二個(gè)國(guó)家，極大地?cái)U(kuò)大了自己的領(lǐng)土，使其成為一代霸主。
During the Warring States Period, Qin, because of its outlying position, was more backward than the states in the Central Plains.
在戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，由于秦國(guó)偏遠(yuǎn)的地形，其相較于中原諸國(guó)落后的多。
When Qin Xiaogong was in power, Shangyang, an aristocratic descendant of the Wei kingdom, was entrusted by the monarch to carry out a series of reforms in 359 BC and 350 BC to strengthen the power of Qin.
秦孝公當(dāng)政時(shí)，商鞅，衛(wèi)國(guó)的貴族后裔，在公元前359年至公元前350年奉命開(kāi)展了一系列的改革，以加強(qiáng)秦國(guó)的實(shí)力。
Shangyang's reforms include abolishing the outdated well-field system, legalizing the private ownership of land, canceling the hereditary system of rank and initiating a county system.
商鞅變法包括廢除過(guò)時(shí)的井田制，使土地私有制合法化，取消職級(jí)的世襲制，改用縣制。
In addition, Qin also paid attention to the development of agriculture.
此外，秦還重視農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展。大約在公元前250年，李冰，蜀地的省長(zhǎng)(現(xiàn)四川省)，與其兒子一道，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了都江堰水利工程的建造，它不僅控制了洪水的泛濫，同時(shí)還灌溉了整個(gè)成都平原。
Around 250 BC, Libing, a governor of Shu prefecture (present Sichuan Province), together with his son, directed the construction of Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, which not only controlled flooding but also irrigated the whole Chengdu Plain.
秦在改革進(jìn)步的基礎(chǔ)上迅速成為一個(gè)實(shí)力強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家，為日后秦始皇統(tǒng)一中國(guó)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
Qin, based on the reforms and improvements, quickly became a powerful state, laying a solid foundation for the future unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang.
在戰(zhàn)國(guó)末期，東周王室名存實(shí)亡。公元前256年，秦出動(dòng)軍隊(duì)，打敗東周。沒(méi)過(guò)多久，嬴政繼承王位后，他加快吞的步伐并最終在公元前221年統(tǒng)一中國(guó)，建立起一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的多民族的專制集權(quán)的國(guó)家，結(jié)束了戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期。
At the end of Warring States, the royal house of Eastern Zhou existed in name only. In 256 BC, Qin dispatched army and defeated the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Before long, after King Yingzheng succeeded to the throne, he expedited his project of annexation and finally in 221 BC united China and established a unified, multinational, autocratic and power-centralized state, putting an end to the Waning States Period.
在西漢末期(公元前206年至公元24年)，劉向在有關(guān)這一時(shí)期的資料的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)這一時(shí)期的特點(diǎn)，將史料編撰成書(shū)《戰(zhàn)國(guó)策敘錄》。后人遂將這個(gè)混亂的時(shí)代命名為戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期。
At the end of Western Han Dynasty (206 BC—24 AD), Liu Xiang, based on the information about this period, compiled a book and named it the History of Warring States according to the character of this period. Later generations then named this chaotic era the Warring States Period.
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用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)中國(guó)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)
