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　　考研必讀英語(yǔ)精美時(shí)文：奢侈品的繁榮

　　The US and Asia have been behind an unexpectedly strong recovery in luxury spending this year but sales are expected to slow in 2011.

　　今年奢侈品消費(fèi)呈強(qiáng)勁回升態(tài)勢(shì)，美國(guó)和亞洲是這背后的主要推動(dòng)力量。但預(yù)計(jì)奢侈品銷售將在2011 年放緩。

　　Global luxury sales will grow by 10 percent this year to 168bn (5bn), according to forecasts by Bain & Co, a rate of growth much stronger than the 4 percent the consultancy predicted in April and comparable with 2008 sales.

　　咨詢公司貝恩4 月份時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)全球奢侈品銷售額將增長(zhǎng)4%，但事實(shí)上今年的銷售額增長(zhǎng)了10%，達(dá)到1680 億歐元，增長(zhǎng)速度比得上08 年時(shí)的增長(zhǎng)速度。

　　Bain expects growth to cool next year, partly due to the dollar continuing to weaken against the euro and because of the strength of sales in 2010.

　　貝恩預(yù)測(cè)，鑒于美元兌歐元持續(xù)貶值和2010 年銷售額的過(guò)度回升，銷售額增長(zhǎng)將在明年放緩。

　　It expects sales in 2011 to rise by 4-5 per cent, which is more in line with historical rates.

　　它還預(yù)測(cè)，2011 年銷售額將增長(zhǎng)4-5%，這與歷史增長(zhǎng)率比較接近。

　　The forecasts show that the luxury goods industry has bounced back sharply after last year ’s 8 percent fall in sales-the worst ever in the luxury market.

　　這些預(yù)測(cè)表明，奢侈品行業(yè)在經(jīng)歷了去年銷售額下降8%的歷史最糟成績(jī)之后，開(kāi)始強(qiáng)勁反彈。

　　“The main drivers are China and Asia but the real surprise has been the rebound in the US,” said Claudia D’Arpizio, a Milan-based Bain partner. “Department stores are suffering less than expected.”

　　“主要推動(dòng)力是中國(guó)和亞洲，但真正令人意外的是美國(guó)市場(chǎng)的回升。” 貝恩駐米蘭合伙人克勞迪亞·達(dá)皮奇奧表示，“百貨公司受到的影響低于預(yù)期”。

　　In spite of fears about the health of the US economy, the most recent data for September show US luxury department stores outperforming the rest of the retail sector. Higher numbers of affluent travelers have also boosted luxury sales this year, especially tourists from China.

　　盡管人們對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)憂心忡忡，但9 月份最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國(guó)奢侈品百貨商店的表現(xiàn)要好于其他零售業(yè)部門。有錢人旅游消費(fèi)的增加也推動(dòng)了今年奢侈品的銷售，尤其是來(lái)自中國(guó)的游客。

　　Big brands have been the biggest winners from the rebound in demand, according to Bain, which said they were better able to respond to the crisis through investment and new store openings.

　　貝恩表示，奢侈品大品牌是需求回升中的最大贏家，它們可以通過(guò)投資和開(kāi)設(shè)新店更好地應(yīng)對(duì)危機(jī)。

　　考研必讀英語(yǔ)精美時(shí)文：研發(fā)經(jīng)費(fèi)普降

　　Research and development spending at major companies declined last year for the first time in more than a decade, according to a survey by management consulting firm Booz & Co.

　　管理咨詢公司Booz & Co.的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，去年大公司在研發(fā)方面的投入出現(xiàn)了10 多年以來(lái)的首次下降。

　　The cuts last year were concentrated in auto, computing, electronics and industrial companies, some of the biggest spenders. ‘The world-wide recession finally caught up with the world’s top innovation spenders in 2009,’the Booz report says, adding that‘the most forward-looking companies will likely move quickly to restore the R&D cuts they made in 2009.’

　　對(duì)研發(fā)支出作出削減的行業(yè)主要包括汽車、計(jì)算機(jī)、電子和工業(yè)企業(yè)，其中有幾家公司是世界上最舍得在研發(fā)上花錢的公司。“2009 年，全球范圍的衰退終于對(duì)世界上在創(chuàng)新方面支出最多的公司產(chǎn)生了影響。” Booz 的調(diào)查報(bào)告說(shuō)，“最有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的公司可能很快就會(huì)恢復(fù)2009年削減的研發(fā)費(fèi)用。”

　　Total 2009 R&D spending by the companies surveyed declined 3.5% from a year earlier to 3 billion. Roche Holding AG had the biggest spending total last year, at .12 billion. It was followed by Microsoft Corp. with .01 billion and Nokia Corp. at .24 billion. Toyota Motor Corp. ’s R&D spending totaled .82 billion, and Pfizer Inc. had .74 billion.

　　接受調(diào)查的公司2009 年研發(fā)支出總額為5,030 億美元，較一年前下降3.5%。去年研發(fā)支出最多的是羅氏公司，研發(fā)費(fèi)用91.2 億美元，其次是微軟，研發(fā)費(fèi)用90.1 億美元，諾基亞，研發(fā)費(fèi)用82.4 億美元。豐田汽車公司研發(fā)支出總額為78.2 億美元，輝瑞制藥有限公司支出為77.4 億美元。

　　Booz also found that heavy spending on R&D doesn’t necessarily lead to recognition as a technology leader.

　　Booz 的調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在研發(fā)方面投入越多的公司并不一定被看做科技領(lǐng)頭羊。

　　In a survey of more than 450‘innovation executives’from 400 companies representing 0 billion in annual R&D spending, Booz asked them to name the companies they considered‘most innovative.’

　　Booz 對(duì)來(lái)自400 家公司的450 多名研發(fā)管理者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，這些公司的年度研發(fā)支出總計(jì)1,500 億美元。Booz 讓他們列出他們認(rèn)為“最有創(chuàng)新精神”的公司。

　　The three most frequently chosen by respondents were Apple Inc., Google Inc. and 3M Co., none of which was among the 10 biggest spenders on R&D in 2009.

　　結(jié)果他們選出的公司是蘋(píng)果、谷歌和3M Co。而這三家公司2009 年的研發(fā)支出都沒(méi)有進(jìn)入前十。

　　Apple last year spent about 3.1% of its sales on R&D, or about half the typical level for computer and electronic companies, said Barry Jaruzelski, a partner at Booz, and yet Apple’s R&D appears to be far more effective than that of many rivals.

　　Booz 公司合伙人雅魯澤爾斯基說(shuō)，蘋(píng)果去年的研發(fā)支出僅占銷售額的3.1%左右，大約是電腦和電子產(chǎn)品公司平均水平的一半。但蘋(píng)果公司用小錢辦大事，他們研發(fā)工作的有效性超過(guò)了很多競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。

　　‘It’s much more about how you do it than how much you spend,’Mr. Jaruzelski said. Apple succeeds because it has a deep understanding of consumers, is focused in its projects ‘as opposed to trying to spread their bets,’and attracts superior talent, he said.

　　雅魯澤爾斯基說(shuō)，做事的方式比花多少錢更重要。蘋(píng)果成功的原因在于，它并不專注于一味擴(kuò)大規(guī)模，而是更關(guān)注消費(fèi)者的需求，并且吸引一流的人才。

　　考研必讀英語(yǔ)精美時(shí)文：家樂(lè)福，十字路口

　　Carrefour’s presence in Thailand is similarly modest. Whereas Britain’s Tesco has become the country ’s biggest grocery chain, Carrefour lies in a distant fourth place. Across the border in Malaysia it trails well behind Tesco and two other foreign retailers.

　　家樂(lè)福在泰國(guó)的表現(xiàn)并不算出色——在英國(guó)的特易購(gòu)成為泰國(guó)最大的連鎖店的同時(shí)，家樂(lè)福的排名卻只有第四。在馬來(lái)西亞全境，家樂(lè)福都要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于特易購(gòu)和其他兩家外國(guó)零售商。

　　And so, with a Gallic shrug, Carrefour is closing up shop in much of South-East Asia. Its 44 stores in Thailand, 23 in Malaysia and two in Singapore are for sale. Potential buyers are said to include Tesco and Casino, a French firm that already has a Thai joint venture, Big C. Analysts reckon that Carrefour’s stores could fetch up to class="main">