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課外閱讀1
Hundreds of foreign students in a joint degree program at a North Dakota state university wereadmitted despite lacking credentials and awarded degrees without completing coursework, anaudit of the program has showed.
近日，一項對美國北達科他州狄克森州立大學的審計報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，該校一項聯(lián)合學位計劃錄取了數(shù)百名不具備入學資格的外國學生，并且在學生沒有完成課程的情況下授予學位。
According to a review of the procedures in place for certain international programs at DickinsonState University, just 10 of the 410 foreign students awarded joint degrees since 2003 actuallyfulfilled all required course work.
根據(jù)這項針對狄克森州立大學特定國際招生項目的審計報告，自2003年開始，這所大學410名被授予學位的外國學生中，只有10個人真正完成了所有必需的課程。
The majority of the degrees in question were granted to Chinese students, the remainder toRussian students, according to the report.
這一審計報告指出，大多數(shù)“問題學位”被授予了中國學生，其余的則被授予了俄羅斯學生。
Most of the students' files were also missing general administrative paper work includingenrollment transcripts, partner campus documents, course substitution forms and languageproficiency evaluations, the report said.
審計報告中還披露，大部分學生檔案缺乏普通的行政性文件，包括入學成績單、對口學校的文件、替代課程的相關表格、語言能力評估等等。
The audit finding, released Friday, is the second black mark on the US higher education systemin as many weeks. Just two weeks ago, Claremont McKenna College in California disclosed it hadinflated the standardized test scores of incoming freshman in a bid to boost its reputation.
上周五公布的這份審計報告是近期以來美國高等教育中的第二起丑聞事件。就在兩周前，加州克萊蒙特-麥肯納學院曾曝出類似丑聞，該校為了擴大聲譽，提高了新生的標準化考試成績。
The audit conducted by the North Dakota State University System and the State Board ofHigher Education showed "seriously lacking controls and oversight" of these international degreeprograms.
由美國北達科他州立大學系統(tǒng)和北達科他州高等教育委員會進行的審計指出，這些國際學位項目“極度缺乏控制和監(jiān)管”。
"Several process level controls have been waived or controls that were once in place have beenintentionally overridden or ignored, threatening the overall compliance of the program," the report said.
報告稱：“許多監(jiān)管程序被棄之不顧，諸多控制措施被人為拒絕或忽略，威脅到了項目的整體承諾。”
According to the audit results, the school did not verify students were completing generaleducation classes and degrees were awarded with out sufficient credits completed.
根據(jù)審計報告，學校并未核實學生完成通識教育課程，沒有完成學分的學生也被授予了學位。
Of the 816 students enrolled in the special international programs since 2003, the review found 743 files in question, the results showed.
據(jù)查，2003年起，共有816名學生參與了該校的國際課程，然而經(jīng)調查后發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中743名學生的檔案文件存在問題。
Stopping the programs, reworking policies and procedures, accepting only official-sealedtranscripts and reviewing agreements with foreign student recruiters were among therecommendations presented to Dickinson State.
提交給該大學的建議包括：暫停國際合作項目、修訂政策和程序、只接受官方認可的成績單、重審與留學生招生人員的協(xié)議等等。
課外閱讀2
In the past few years, reformers have embraced a disarmingly simple idea for fixing schools: Why not actually flunk those students who don't earn passing grades? Both Democrats andRepublicans have begun attacking the practice of "social promotion"—shuttling bad studentsto the next grade, advancing them with peers even if they are failing. Make F truly meanfailure, the movement says.
過去幾年，改革派一直堅持用一種令人毫無懷疑的簡單想法解決學校的問題：對于那些成績不達標的學生，為什么不讓他們留級?民主黨和共和黨已經(jīng)開始抨擊“自動升級”的做法—-按照這種做法，就算差生考試不及格，他們照樣可以和其他同學一起進入下一年級。這場運動主張要讓“F”這個成績真的意味著“不及格”。
Last week in Los Angeles, the reformers learned just how ornery the current system can be. According to a plan released Tuesday by the L.A. school district, ending social promotionthere will take at least four years, could cost hundreds of millions of dollars—and probably wouldrequire flunking about half the district's students. That's a pessimistic assessment, but it'snot just bureaucrats' caterwauling. Rather, L.A. school superintendent Ruben Zacarias was aneager convert to the crusade against social promotion. In February he unveiled anambitious plan to end unwarranted promotions in five grades during the 1999-2000 schoolyear—a full year ahead of the timetable set by a state law.
過去幾年，改革派一直堅持用一種令人毫無懷疑的簡單想法解決學校的問題：對于那些成績不達標的學生，為什么不讓他們留級?民主黨和共和黨已經(jīng)開始抨擊“自動升級”的做法—-按照這種做法，就算差生考試不及格，他們照樣可以和其他同學一起進入下一年級。這場運動主張要讓“F”這個成績真的意味著“不及格”。
At the time, Zacarias acknowledged that his goal would be hard to meet. He estimated that asmany as 6 of every 10 students would flunk if they had to advance on merit. Zacarias wanted tospend 0 million in the first year alone to help these kids. Why so much? Because a mountainof research shows that ending social promotion doesn't work if it just means more Fs. Kidswho are simply forced to repeat grades over and over usually don't improve academically andoften drop out. Zacarias wanted more tutoring, summer school and intensive-learning classes. Unqualified students wouldn't rise to the next grade; nor would they be doomed to redo workthey already failed. It was a forward-looking plan that Zacarias, 70, didn't have the clout toenact. He wasn't popular enough—the school board recently bought out his contract after abitter power struggle—but even fellow reformers think his plan was too much, too soon. Saysboard member David Tokofsky: "You've got the unions who want their say. And, of course, there's the facilities issue: Where do you send all these eighth-graders if you can't send themto high school?" The district now says it will stop advancing low-achieving students only in twogrades (second and eighth), and it will begin next year.
扎卡雷斯承認他的目標在當時很難實現(xiàn)。他估計如果按照成績升級的話，十個學生中將有六個過不了關。僅第一年扎卡雷斯就打算花費1.4億美元來幫助這些孩子。為什么要花這么多錢呢?因為眾多研究表明如果取消“自動升級”僅僅意味著有更多學生無法升級的話，那么它就失去了意義。那些被迫一遍又一遍地復讀的孩子成績并沒有提高，甚至還經(jīng)常會退學。扎卡雷斯希望學生們能得到更多的指導，開設更多的夏季班和強化學習班。不合格的學生不會進入下一年級，但也不必把功課重學一遍。他提出的這一計劃很有遠見，但70高齡的扎卡雷斯本人并沒有足夠的影響力將其付諸實施—-他還不夠受歡迎—-在一場激烈的權力斗爭之后，該校董事會最近買斷了他的合同—-但就連其他改革派也認為他的計劃太宏大，太迫切。另一位董事會成員大衛(wèi)·托科夫斯基說：“工會想要有發(fā)言權。當然，還有設施的問題：如果不能把八年級學生送入中學，那該把他們送往哪里呢?”現(xiàn)在，該教育區(qū)宣布它將只在兩個年級(二年級和八年級)對成績較差的學生取消升級，并將從明年起實施。
Los Angeles isn't the only place that has run into roadblocks while trying to end socialpromotion. In New York City, some advocates have said in lawsuits that parents weren'tnotified early enough that their kids were flunking. And in Chicago, which led the nation on theissue, a parents' group has filed civil rights complaints alleging that the promotion crackdownholds back a disproportionate number of black and Latino kids.
洛杉磯并不是唯一一個在取消“自動升級”工作中遇到困難的地方。在紐約市，一些辯護律師在訴訟中稱家長沒有及時被告知他們的孩子會留級。在芝加哥，一個家長團體提出了民權控訴，宣稱取消自動升級使相當比例的黑人和拉丁美洲裔的孩子升不了級。
Still, the war on social promotion could have one salutary consequence: if every schooldistrict takes L.A.'s approach, struggling students will get a lot more teaching help, not just akick in the rear as they finish another unproductive school year.
然而，這場關于“自動升級”的戰(zhàn)爭還是會帶來一個有益的結果：如果每個教育區(qū)采用洛杉磯的做法，那些學習吃力的學生就會得到學習幫助，而不僅僅是在學完一年毫無收獲之外再被踢上一腳。
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