關(guān)于英語(yǔ)的寫作技巧
關(guān)于英語(yǔ)的寫作技巧
英文寫作是一種綜合能力訓(xùn)練，臨陣磨槍是不能取得好成績(jī)的，也是不可取的，應(yīng)該重視平時(shí)的英語(yǔ)作文訓(xùn)練。小編在此獻(xiàn)上英語(yǔ)寫作方法，希望對(duì)你有所幫助。
Don't Use Adverbs不要用副詞
The adverb is not your friend.Adverbs are words that modify verbs,adjectives,or other adverbs.They’re the ones that usually end in-ly.With adverbs,the writer usually tells us he or she is afraid he/she isn’t expressing himself/herself clearly,that he or she is not getting the point or the picture across.
副詞并不是你的朋友，副詞是用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其它副詞的。它們通常以ly結(jié)尾。作者通常用副詞來(lái)表達(dá)那些自己無(wú)法解釋清楚的意思及表明的觀點(diǎn)。
There are numerous usage"rules"regarding the placement of adverbs in prose:one shouldn't split a compound verb or infinitive1 with them(so no"to boldly go"or"must be heartily2 congratulated");
關(guān)于在散文中放置有太多的用法規(guī)則了：我們不應(yīng)該讓副詞出現(xiàn)在復(fù)合動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞不定式中，因而我們不能說(shuō)"to boldly go"或"must be heartily congratulated"。
One must place them closest to the word they are modifying(so no"Quickly the news anchor corrected himself";go with"The news anchor quickly corrected himself");
我們必須要把它放在離其所要修飾的詞最近的地方(所以我們不能說(shuō)"Quickly the news anchor corrected himself"，而應(yīng)該是"The news anchor quickly corrected himself")。
One shouldn't start a sentence with them,especially if the adverb in question is hopefully;
我們不能把副詞放在句首，尤其是“hopefully”這個(gè)詞。
One should know when to use a flat adverb(like quick in"move quick"and safe in"drive safe")and when to use an inflected-ly adverb(like"quickly move aside"and"safely drive the truck");
我們應(yīng)當(dāng)知道什么時(shí)候用單純形副詞(像是“move quick”中的“quick”,“drive safe”中的“safe”)什么時(shí)候用加ly的副詞(像是"quickly move aside"中的“quickly”和"safely drive the truck"中的“safely”)
Never Use the Passive Voice不要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
Never use the passive where you can use the active.
能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的話就不要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
English verbs have two voices:active and passive.We use the active voice in sentences like this one,and it shows who is doing the acting3(we are)and what is being acted on(the active voice).But the passive voice is often used in more formal sentences,like this one,where the actor—here,the invisible writer of this sentence,who is the one using the passive voice—is hidden from view.Here are a few examples of sentences written in the active voice and then recast in the passive voice:
英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有2種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。我們?cè)诒揪渲芯褪褂昧酥鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它能體現(xiàn)誰(shuí)(我們)在進(jìn)行動(dòng)作，什么動(dòng)作(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))在被進(jìn)行。但是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)卻更常在正式場(chǎng)合中使用，像這句，演員在哪里-這里，這句話的隱形作者，也就是使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的這個(gè)人-從當(dāng)前默默隱去了。以下的幾個(gè)例子，都是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的，并且改寫成了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
The teacher told us to use the active voice.vs We were told to use the active voice.
老師告訴我們要使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和我們被老師告知要使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
The police questioned the suspect.vs The suspect was questioned.
警察詢問(wèn)了嫌疑人和嫌疑人被警察詢問(wèn)了。
I made a mistake.vs Mistakes were made.
我犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤和錯(cuò)誤被犯了
You'll notice that the passive voice seems to distance an action from its perpetrator,or it makes the thing being acted on("we,""the suspect,"and"mistakes"above)more important than the doer.For this reason,the passive voice is very common in more formal writing,where the authors want to keep the perpetrator of the action or the speaker distant.
你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)使得一個(gè)行動(dòng)和行動(dòng)者分離開(kāi)來(lái)，或是動(dòng)作被進(jìn)行的一方(“我們”“嫌疑人”和以上的“錯(cuò)誤”)顯得比進(jìn)行動(dòng)作的一方更加重要。因此，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在正式寫作中比較常見(jiàn)，作者想要讓進(jìn)行動(dòng)作的一方或說(shuō)話人能產(chǎn)生一種距離感。
Never use a verb other than"said"to carry dialogue.永遠(yuǎn)不要用除了“said”的動(dòng)詞來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)話
The line of dialogue belongs to the character;the verb is the writer sticking his nose in.But said is far less intrusive4 than grumbled5,gasped6,cautioned,lied.I once noticed Mary McCarthy ending a line of dialogue with"she asseverated,"and had to stop reading to get the dictionary.
對(duì)話的范疇屬于人物，動(dòng)詞是作者非常關(guān)心的。但是，“said”這詞遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不及嘟囔，喘息，警告，撒謊等詞更具侵入性。我曾經(jīng)注意到瑪麗?麥卡錫用“她鄭重地聲明”來(lái)結(jié)束了一個(gè)對(duì)話，那時(shí)我不得不停止閱讀去查了字典。
This is a rule that is often repeated,something that is supposedly the province of"showing,not telling."But this is less a rule of writing and more of a personal preference of Leonard's.
這是一個(gè)經(jīng)常被提及的規(guī)則，有時(shí)其職責(zé)據(jù)稱是“要顯示，而不是講述”。但這不太像寫作的規(guī)則反正更像是倫納德的個(gè)人喜好。
Of course,lots of these non-said dialogue markers are almost as old as said itself is.Check your dictionary and you’ll see that dialogue verbs like crow,yell,whisper,and groan7 are contemporaries of said and had ample use in Old English as well as in Modern English.
當(dāng)然了，這些非言語(yǔ)類的對(duì)話標(biāo)識(shí)本身也像“said”這詞一樣的老。查你的字典看看，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些對(duì)話動(dòng)詞比如，crow,啼叫，yell叫喊，whisper低語(yǔ)，和groan咆哮雖都是當(dāng)代的言語(yǔ)詞，但在古英語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中都有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。
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