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英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力對(duì)話考點(diǎn)分析訓(xùn)練

時(shí)間: 燕妮639 分享

  長(zhǎng)對(duì)話是介于短對(duì)話與短文之間的一種考查類(lèi)型,同時(shí)兼有短對(duì)話的口語(yǔ)性強(qiáng)和短文聽(tīng)力中信息量大、邏輯關(guān)系明顯、句式復(fù)雜多變的特點(diǎn)。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的設(shè)題方式主要有三大類(lèi):主旨題、推斷題和細(xì)節(jié)題。其中,細(xì)節(jié)題的分?jǐn)?shù)比重最大,一般可以占長(zhǎng)對(duì)話總題目的80%。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力對(duì)話考點(diǎn)分析訓(xùn)練,以供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。

  英語(yǔ)六級(jí)聽(tīng)力對(duì)話考點(diǎn)分析訓(xùn)練

  一、推斷類(lèi)

  ● 設(shè)題方式

  這類(lèi)題目主要考查考生在聽(tīng)懂對(duì)話的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)對(duì)話重要細(xì)節(jié)的引申含義的理解??忌枰C合把握對(duì)話的內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵詞、上下文、語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)等多種因素,同時(shí)運(yùn)用自己的文化背景知識(shí)和生活常識(shí)等進(jìn)行邏輯推理、判斷、歸納,去領(lǐng)會(huì)說(shuō)話人的真實(shí)含義。因而,這類(lèi)題目常常是難點(diǎn)所在。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:

  What does the man mean/suggest by talking...?

  What can be inferred/concluded from the conversation?

  What do we learn from the conversation?

  What can be concluded from the conversation?

  ● 解題策略

  1)通過(guò)瀏覽選項(xiàng)找到聽(tīng)音關(guān)鍵。瀏覽選項(xiàng)對(duì)這類(lèi)題目的回答非常重要。首先,由于推斷類(lèi)題目的選項(xiàng)特征往往不明顯,因此考生在聽(tīng)音前需要快速瀏覽與本對(duì)話有關(guān)的所有題目選項(xiàng),注意各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn),注意一些專(zhuān)有名詞,如人名、地點(diǎn)和不同的動(dòng)詞,這些不同之處將會(huì)幫你大致確定對(duì)話談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容以及哪些是你要聽(tīng)的關(guān)鍵;其次,分析選項(xiàng)間的特點(diǎn)還可以從一定程度上幫助考生提前排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng)。及時(shí)排除明顯錯(cuò)誤的選項(xiàng),有助于縮小聽(tīng)音范圍,提高正確率。

  2)注意積累一些含蓄委婉的表達(dá)和習(xí)慣用法。這一策略與短對(duì)話相似。由于長(zhǎng)對(duì)話大多發(fā)生在實(shí)際場(chǎng)景中,它仍然有很強(qiáng)的口語(yǔ)特征,因此考生對(duì)習(xí)語(yǔ)、慣用語(yǔ)、固定搭配的掌握有助于避免理解偏離真正含義。

  3)利用對(duì)英語(yǔ)國(guó)家文化背景的了解以及對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)音習(xí)慣的表達(dá)方式的掌握進(jìn)行推斷。在口語(yǔ)中,語(yǔ)調(diào)重點(diǎn)是用來(lái)表達(dá)說(shuō)話人的情感、態(tài)度的最有效的手段之一,因此要“聽(tīng)話聽(tīng)音”,通過(guò)語(yǔ)調(diào)來(lái)推斷講話者的真正含義。

  二、主旨類(lèi)

  ● 設(shè)題方式

  這類(lèi)題目是聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話測(cè)試中相對(duì)容易的題目,主要考查考生對(duì)長(zhǎng)對(duì)話主題或談話場(chǎng)景的把

  握,問(wèn)題常常要求考生判斷對(duì)話談?wù)摰脑掝}、對(duì)話目的或?qū)υ捴姓劦降闹饕獑?wèn)題等,一般是對(duì)話的第一題或者最后一題。這類(lèi)題目的選項(xiàng)特征比較明顯,一般是簡(jiǎn)短的詞組短語(yǔ)或者短句。另外,此類(lèi)題目的提問(wèn)方式也相對(duì)固定,常見(jiàn)的有:

  What are the two speakers talking about/discussing?

  What is the conversation mainly about?

  What is the main topic of the conversation?

  What’s the purpose of sb.’s calling/doing...?

  ● 解題策略

  1)預(yù)先瀏覽選項(xiàng),確定題目類(lèi)型。由于這類(lèi)題目的選項(xiàng)特征明顯,常常為簡(jiǎn)短詞匯或短語(yǔ),因而提前瀏覽可以幫助考生在聽(tīng)音前作出正確預(yù)測(cè),進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性地聽(tīng)音。有時(shí)選項(xiàng)中的各個(gè)答案都基本類(lèi)似,這種情況下要先分析各選項(xiàng)的不同,把握選項(xiàng)間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系,例如包含和被包含的關(guān)系,然后在聽(tīng)音時(shí)捕捉其中的重要信息和關(guān)鍵詞句。

  2)把握對(duì)話的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。由于對(duì)話較長(zhǎng),考生往往忽視了對(duì)話的首尾處。實(shí)際上,由于主旨題常設(shè)為第一題或最后一題,對(duì)話的主題也往往在開(kāi)頭或結(jié)尾處點(diǎn)明,尤其對(duì)于新聞訪談?lì)惉F(xiàn)場(chǎng)對(duì)話題目,這一特征較為明顯。因此考生應(yīng)快速進(jìn)入聽(tīng)音狀態(tài),抓住對(duì)話首尾處的細(xì)節(jié)。

  3)充分注意重復(fù)頻率高的詞匯短語(yǔ)。在長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中,很多時(shí)候主題是直接點(diǎn)明的,可以充分注意對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞,以此來(lái)幫助判斷主題。

  三、細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)

  ● 設(shè)題方式

  細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)題目的考查是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的,三套題中細(xì)節(jié)題的比重高達(dá)三分之二。其中,2006年12月的六級(jí)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試中,兩篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話所涉及的7道題全部為細(xì)節(jié)題的考查。細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)題目可以考查到對(duì)話的方方面面,如時(shí)間地點(diǎn)、原因、事件、個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、對(duì)事情的喜好等,有很多與短對(duì)話的考查點(diǎn)不謀而合。 細(xì)節(jié)題主要分為兩種,一種是答案為對(duì)話細(xì)節(jié)的再現(xiàn);另一種是答案為對(duì)話細(xì)節(jié)的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)題目通常沒(méi)有固定的提問(wèn)方式,一般即常說(shuō)的Wh-question (what, which, when, where, why, how, etc.)。

  ● 解題策略

  1)通過(guò)提前瀏覽選項(xiàng)作出合理預(yù)測(cè)??忌プ∮行r(shí)間提前瀏覽選項(xiàng),通過(guò)分析比較各個(gè)

  選項(xiàng),并結(jié)合自己的有關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí),對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行估計(jì)和預(yù)測(cè),從而幫助自己有重點(diǎn)地聽(tīng)。預(yù)測(cè)技巧對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)題的把握很重要,這里提供幾點(diǎn)相關(guān)的預(yù)測(cè)技巧:

  ■ 選項(xiàng)如果以某種動(dòng)詞形式開(kāi)頭,如動(dòng)詞原形、動(dòng)名詞或分詞,則可以推測(cè)問(wèn)題是關(guān)于說(shuō)話雙方的行為活動(dòng)。

  ■ 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could, might, would 等或者should, had better 等表示請(qǐng)求或建議的詞,問(wèn)題很可能與表達(dá)說(shuō)話者的建議請(qǐng)求有關(guān)。

  ■ 所有選項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)都是某個(gè)人名或者h(yuǎn)e/she 時(shí),聽(tīng)音時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)特別關(guān)注其中一方的思想感情、行為態(tài)度。

  ■ 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都含有表達(dá)贊同反對(duì)、情感好惡等詞匯,如disapprove, agree, dislike, uncomfortable, satisfied 等,可以在聽(tīng)音時(shí)多關(guān)注對(duì)話雙方對(duì)某一問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象的看法。

  ■ 注意不符合生活常識(shí)的選項(xiàng)一定不是正確答案,可以預(yù)先排除。

  這些預(yù)測(cè)技巧可以在一定程度上幫助考生有針對(duì)性地聽(tīng)音,提高正確率。

  2)注意選項(xiàng)中與原對(duì)話細(xì)節(jié)不同的表達(dá)方式,比如同義近義詞轉(zhuǎn)換、句型轉(zhuǎn)換、句子否定表達(dá)與肯定表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)化等。

  3)聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中要做好記錄。記錄的重點(diǎn)應(yīng)當(dāng)是人名、地名、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、人物態(tài)度等。記錄的方法多種多樣,要利用自己最擅長(zhǎng)和熟悉的記錄方法,比如符號(hào)、縮寫(xiě)、首字母等。

  4)根據(jù)上下文有效避開(kāi)對(duì)難詞的理解。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中的難詞、偏詞常常與細(xì)節(jié)類(lèi)問(wèn)題的回答直接相關(guān),這時(shí)考生無(wú)需花費(fèi)時(shí)間思考難詞、偏詞的含義,而可以通過(guò)對(duì)上下文的理解使其明朗化,從而作出正確判斷。例如,在2007 年6 月的六級(jí)聽(tīng)力考試長(zhǎng)對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)了難詞jet lag(由飛行引起的身體不適),第20 題針對(duì)健康計(jì)劃的目的和作用來(lái)提問(wèn),因此必須理解jet lag 才能解題。但要理解這個(gè)詞,不一定要事先背過(guò)單詞,只要利用上下文稍加推測(cè)即可。男生在對(duì)話結(jié)尾處提到So, basically, it’s a choice. Mineral water and exercises, or champagne and jet lag.提示jet lag 是和鍛煉等健康的生活方式相反的一個(gè)選擇,也就是會(huì)另人不適的,理解到這一層就可以做題了。

  5)抓住對(duì)話中的答語(yǔ)。長(zhǎng)對(duì)話的考點(diǎn)常設(shè)在一個(gè)問(wèn)題的問(wèn)答處,且答案常設(shè)在答語(yǔ)上。

  6)注意對(duì)話中的數(shù)字信息。對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)年代、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等數(shù)字的地方也常為設(shè)題重點(diǎn),

  但是一般不單純考查數(shù)字,而是考查與數(shù)字相關(guān)的其他細(xì)節(jié)。

  下面就以大學(xué)英語(yǔ)新六級(jí)考試樣卷中的Conversation Two為例,具體分析其設(shè)題特點(diǎn)與解題

  思路:

  W: (24) We now interrupt our regular scheduled news program to bring you live up-to-date coverage on the civil unrest in the newly formed country of Karnak, where our man Stan Fielding is stationed. Stan...

  M: This is Stan Fielding reporting live from the suburbs of the capital city. Just 20 minutes ago, rebel forces launched the biggest offensive against the ruling government in the 18-month conflict here in this country.

  W: Now Stan, is this a sign that the peace process has been totally abandoned?

  M: Well, (23) so far, peace negotiations have failed, and any resolution to end the civil war appears bleak at this moment. As you can see... Whoa.

  W: Stan, Stan, are you there?

  M: Uh, yes, Shelly. As you can probably hear behind me, rebel forces are also using heavy artillery to pound the positions of government forces around the city center. Rebel forces are closing in, and it’s feared that they will be able to take the capital building before daybreak where, it is believed, many government officials are holding out.

  W: Now, besides the heavy fighting, what other pressing concerns are there for the citizens of the city?

  M: Well, (25) since the beginning of the conflict, starvation, and lack of clean water and adequate shelter have been the biggest daily obstacles facing the citizens of this war-torn country. It is believed that over 40,000 people, mostly children, have starved to death. Fortunately, no epidemics have broken out, but that is always a concern if this war lingers on.

  W: Okay, that was Stan Fielding reporting. And we will keep you up-to-date as this story ontinues

  to unfold.

  22. What is the news coverage mainly about?

  A)The latest developments of an armed rebellion in Karnak.

  B) The fall of Karnak’s capital city into the hands of the rebel forces.

  C) The epidemic that has just broken out in the country of Karnak.

  D) The peace talks between the rebels and the government in Karnak.

  本題為主旨題。在一則前線新聞報(bào)道中,when, where, what happened 是不可或缺的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。綜合判斷各個(gè)選項(xiàng),只有A 答案中時(shí)間latest,地點(diǎn)in Karnak,事件an armed rebellion 概括全面。

  23. What does the reporter Stan Fielding say about the situation in Karnak?

  A) The epidemic has been brought under control.

  B) There are signs of progress in the peace process.

  C) Great improvements are being made in its capital.

  D)There’s little hope of bringing the conflict to an end.

  本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。原文中前線記者Stan Fielding 說(shuō)到,“到目前為止,和平談判失敗,任何試圖結(jié)束內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的舉措都顯得無(wú)濟(jì)于事。”這是D 答案的同義表述,其中,little hope = bleak。

  24. At what time of day do you think this news report is being made?

  A) Late in the morning. B) Early in the afternoon.

  C)Sometime before dawn. D) Shortly after sunrise.

  本題為推斷題。原文中沒(méi)有提到新聞報(bào)道的具體的時(shí)間,但是從報(bào)道的開(kāi)頭播音員說(shuō)“我們現(xiàn)在打破常規(guī)時(shí)間的新聞報(bào)道,為您帶來(lái)……的最新播報(bào)。”中可以判斷四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的非常規(guī)時(shí)間只有C,黎明之前。

  25. What is the pressing concern of the citizens of Karnak?

  A) Inadequate medical care. B) Continuing social unrest.

  C) Lack of food, water and shelter. D) Rapid spreading of the epidemic.

  本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。答案為原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。原文談到饑荒、缺水和庇護(hù)所是市民們每天面臨的最大困難。pressing concern = biggest daily obstacles, lack of food = starvation。

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