商務(wù)英語報(bào)告結(jié)構(gòu)
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商務(wù)英語報(bào)告結(jié)構(gòu):
(一)摘要(Executive Summary)
一份正式且篇幅較長(zhǎng)的報(bào)告通常在報(bào)告的前面加上摘要。摘要一般不超過一頁,是報(bào)告的導(dǎo)言、調(diào)查結(jié)果、結(jié)論和建議的內(nèi)容總結(jié)。這部分一般是在整篇報(bào)告寫好以后再寫。非正式或篇幅較短的報(bào)告則無需寫報(bào)告摘要。寫摘要時(shí),應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
盡量限制段落的數(shù)量,一般可用三段式:報(bào)告的目的、報(bào)告的調(diào)查結(jié)果和結(jié)論、報(bào)告的建議。
摘要寫作的時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),因?yàn)閳?bào)告已經(jīng)存在。如“This report shows…”屬于正確表達(dá),而“This report will show…”則不妥。
報(bào)告摘要中無需引用具體數(shù)據(jù)。可用“by and large、the vast majority、only a few”等語言表達(dá)大概的數(shù)據(jù)或趨勢(shì)。
(二)標(biāo)題(Title)
報(bào)告的標(biāo)題應(yīng)盡可能概括報(bào)告的內(nèi)容,因?yàn)樗钦獔?bào)告的信息濃縮,而且標(biāo)題應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確、客觀,不應(yīng)像報(bào)刊文章標(biāo)題那樣為了吸引讀者的注意力而別出心裁。此外,標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是名詞短語或動(dòng)名詞短語。如以下幾例:“Report on Improving the Training Methods of HDC、Report on the Proposed Incentive Scheme、Report on the Adoption of Flex-time Working Systems”。
(三)導(dǎo)言(Introduction/ Terms of Reference)
在導(dǎo)言部分,扼要地說明一下報(bào)告的寫作背景和主旨。此外,還應(yīng)該注明報(bào)告提交給何人、何時(shí)提交的。如果是事件調(diào)查報(bào)告應(yīng)首先說明事件的經(jīng)過,包括事件發(fā)生的日期、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、情況敘述等。以下是導(dǎo)言部分寫作的常見句型:
The report examines / explains……
The purpose of this report is to… investigate / evaluate / study…
The objective of this report is to… recommend / analyze / give…
The aim of this report is to… feedback / estimate / assess…
Enclosed is a report about……
(四)材料收集方法(Methodology / Proceedings)
報(bào)告的這部分應(yīng)說明收集信息或資料的方法和步驟。在報(bào)告中注明提供這一信息可以增強(qiáng)報(bào)告的真實(shí)性和客觀性,尤其是意見調(diào)查報(bào)告。當(dāng)然并不是所有的報(bào)告都需要收集資料,因此,并非每一種報(bào)告都需要提供這部分內(nèi)容。這部分內(nèi)容在整篇報(bào)告所占篇幅較短,可以寫成一個(gè)段落。以下是該部分寫作的常見句型:
A sample of workers was individually asked for their opinions.
A questionnaire was completed by those who were surveyed in this project.
The information was mainly achieved with a number of telephone calls to manufacturers.
(五)調(diào)查結(jié)果(Findings)
報(bào)告的調(diào)查結(jié)果部分是報(bào)告建議的依據(jù),其內(nèi)容應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確無誤,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,語言流暢、銜接。這部分內(nèi)容的每一個(gè)段落都應(yīng)當(dāng)有一個(gè)明確的主題句,一般放在段首,這樣便于讀者攝取這部分的信息。以下是這部分主題句寫作的常見句型:
The findings of the investigation indicate that…
It was proposed / found / felt / discovered that…
It was generally the case that…
Most people thought / suggested that…
A number of people mentioned that…
Several changes were put forward.
Several staff members expressed the view that…
若報(bào)告中需提供圖表統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)或描述行情走勢(shì),撰寫人應(yīng)當(dāng)熟悉這方面寫作的常用句型,以下就是該方面寫作的一些典型句子結(jié)構(gòu):
The table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics shows / describes / illustrates that…
As it can be seen from the table / chart / figure…
It is clear / apparent from the table / chart / graph / diagram / figure / statistics that…
The number of… increased / jumped / rose suddenly / rapidly / dramatically from…to…
The number of…decreased / dropped / fell greatly / significantly sharply from…to…
The number of…fluctuated slowly / slightly between…to…
The number of… remained steady / stable (stayed the same) between…to…
There was a (very) sudden / rapid / dramatic / significant increase / jump / rise in the number of…from…to…
There was a (very) sharp / steep / steady / gradual / slow / slight decrease / drop / fall in the number of…from…to…
The monthly profit / figures peaked in December at 10%.
The monthly profit / figures reached a peak / a high (point) in December at 10%.
The monthly profit / figures bottomed out in December at 10%.
Sales witnessed a great rise / increase / drop / fall between…to…
(六)結(jié)論(Conclusions)
報(bào)告的結(jié)論部分是寫報(bào)告的人在報(bào)告調(diào)查結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果進(jìn)行總結(jié)和解釋。同一調(diào)查結(jié)果會(huì)因?yàn)樽珜懻叩牟煌贸霾煌慕Y(jié)論,但這部分不應(yīng)當(dāng)包括報(bào)告前文中沒有提到的新的信息。
(七)建議(Recommendations)
建議往往是許多商務(wù)報(bào)告寫作的最重要部分。一份報(bào)告有效程度常常取決于報(bào)告中所提供的建議的質(zhì)量高低。建議部分主要內(nèi)容為報(bào)告撰寫人在經(jīng)過充分的論證后認(rèn)為應(yīng)當(dāng)采取的措施或行動(dòng)。報(bào)告人有時(shí)也會(huì)描述采取措施后可能出現(xiàn)的后果或情形。
(八)附錄(Appendices)
正式的商務(wù)報(bào)告為了增強(qiáng)報(bào)告的說服力或真實(shí)性往往會(huì)有一些附加材料,因其篇幅較長(zhǎng)不宜放在報(bào)告當(dāng)中,只能選擇放在附錄中。這部分內(nèi)容可能包括圖表統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)、實(shí)驗(yàn)室報(bào)告、問卷調(diào)查等。當(dāng)然,簡(jiǎn)短報(bào)告若無此需要?jiǎng)t不需增加附錄部分
商務(wù)英語報(bào)告結(jié)構(gòu)
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