關(guān)于金融制度情景對(duì)話

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　　關(guān)于金融制度情景對(duì)話一：日本金融制度

　　Bob Dillon ,a banker from the United States ,is talking with a Japanese banker about the financial and monetary system in Japan .

　　來自美國的銀行家鮑勃·狄龍正與一位日本銀行家談?wù)撊毡镜慕鹑诤拓泿胖贫取?/p>

　　Dillon:Note issue in Japan is controlled by the Bank of Japan ,isn't it ?

　　狄龍：日本的紙幣發(fā)行是由日本銀行控制嗎?

　　Banker:Yes,the Bank of Japan has statutory authority to issue yen currency and coinage which is the sole legal tender in Japan.

　　銀行家：是的，在發(fā)行日元和硬幣方面，日本銀行擁有法定性的權(quán)威，它所發(fā)行的日元和硬幣是日本唯一的法幣。

　　D;I have heard a lot about redenomination in Japan .Do you expect that to take place soon ?

　　狄龍：我聽到了許多有關(guān)日本打算重新規(guī)定日元單位面額的消息，您預(yù)料這件事會(huì)很快著手進(jìn)行嗎?

　　B;That's a very good question,Mr.Dillon ,and I wish I could answer it .

　　銀行家：這是個(gè)很好的問題：狄龍先生，我真希望能回答這個(gè)問題。

　　The Bank of Japan has had that issue under discussion for a long time ,but it hasn't been resolved yet .

　　實(shí)際上，日本銀行就這個(gè)問題已討論很久，但仍未做出決定。

　　D:When was the bank founded ?

　　狄龍：該銀行是什么時(shí)候建立的?

　　B:It was established in 1882 and patterned on the National Bank of Belgium .

　　銀行家：它是1822年按照比利時(shí)國民銀行的模式建立的，

　　Its note-issuing provisions were modeled on those of the German Central Bank .

　　它的貨幣發(fā)行章程是仿照德國中央銀行制定的。

　　D:Is it a government agency ?

　　狄龍：它是一個(gè)政府機(jī)構(gòu)嗎?

　　B:Yes,since 1942 it has been an agency of the government in actual practice .

　　銀行家：是的，從1942年起，日本銀行在實(shí)際業(yè)務(wù)方面已成為政府的機(jī)構(gòu)，

　　While it was originally founded by private stockholders ,the finance minister has had direct authority over its management since its charter was modified in 1942.

　　雖然它原本是由私人股東創(chuàng)辦起來的。但是，自從1942年它的章程修訂以后，財(cái)政部長對(duì)于這個(gè)銀行管理有著直接的權(quán)威。

　　D:It's very much like the Bank of England ,then .That also started as a private institution .

　　狄龍：這一點(diǎn)很象當(dāng)時(shí)的英格蘭銀行，那個(gè)銀行開始時(shí)也是一個(gè)私人機(jī)構(gòu)。

　　B:In the respect it is similar .But the Bank of Japan has a much broader charter to undertake all kinds of financial activities ,

　　銀行家：在這方面是相似的。但是日本銀行擁有更加廣泛的職權(quán)從事各種財(cái)政金融活動(dòng)，

　　as directed by the Cabinet .

　　這是在內(nèi)閣直接指揮下進(jìn)行的。

　　關(guān)于金融制度情景對(duì)話二：英國金融制度

　　Tatsuo Horita ,a banker from Japan ,is visiting with an officer of the Bank of England .

　　來自日本的銀行家堀田達(dá)夫正在與英格蘭銀行的一位高級(jí)職員閑談，

　　They are talking about the British monetary and financial system .

　　他們正談?wù)撝呢泿藕徒鹑谥贫取?/p>

　　Horita:I understand that Bank of England notes have been legal tender in Britain since the early part of the 19th century .

　　堀 田：據(jù)我所知，從19世紀(jì)初葉，英格蘭銀行發(fā)行的紙幣就已經(jīng)成為英國的法幣了。

　　Officer:Yes,actually from 1883,long before the Bank of England was the official central bank for Britain.

　　職 員：是的，實(shí)際上從1833年開始，英格蘭銀行早已成為英國的官方中央銀行了，

　　And special restrictions put on note issurance by other banks in 1844 caused most banks to discontinue issuing notes.

　　而且在1844年，還對(duì)其他銀行的貨幣發(fā)行實(shí)行期一些特別的限制，這就使得大多數(shù)的銀行不再繼續(xù)發(fā)行紙幣。

　　H:Weren't Bank of England notes backed by specie?

　　堀 田：英格蘭銀行發(fā)行的紙幣不是以金銀鑄幣作為依據(jù)嗎?

　　O:Specie or government bonds until 1931.Since then ,of course,the Bank of England like other central banks has not held specie reserves equal to our note issue.

　　職 員：直到1931年，還是以鑄幣或政府的債券為依據(jù)的。當(dāng)然，從那以后，象其它的中央銀行一樣，英格蘭銀行并不持有與我們發(fā)行的紙幣等量的金銀鑄幣儲(chǔ)備。

　　H:When did the Bank of England become the official central bank of the United Kingdom?

　　堀 田：英格蘭銀行什么時(shí)候成為聯(lián)合王國的官方中央銀行的呢?

　　O:That's difficult to say .Actually ,the bank was nationalized by the government in 1946.

　　職員：這很難說，實(shí)際上，在1946年政府已將其收歸國有。

　　Before that ,however ,the bank had been the central banking instituion for over a century .

　　然而，在這之前，英格蘭銀行就已經(jīng)成為中央銀行有100多年了。

　　While we were privately owned ,successive governments felt that we operated in the public interest and gradually enacted laws,

　　當(dāng)時(shí)，雖然我們是私立銀行，但歷屆政府都認(rèn)為我們的業(yè)務(wù)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)有利于公眾利益，并逐步地有所立法，

　　which gave us various supervisory functions over other banks .

　　這一切賦予了我們對(duì)其他銀行的各種監(jiān)督職能。

　　H:So the bank now makes fiscal and monetary policies for the country ?

　　堀田：因此，目前該銀行就是為國家制定財(cái)政和金融政策的。

　　O:In coperation with the Cabinet we do .Our functions are not as independent as those of the Federal Reserve in the United States.

　　職員：我們?cè)谂c內(nèi)閣合作中行使我們的職能，但我們的職能不象美國聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備那樣具有獨(dú)立性。