關(guān)于國際貨幣制度情景對話

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　　關(guān)于國際貨幣制度情景對話一：

　　Ms.Johnson and Mr.Black continue their discussion of the International Monetary System .

　　約翰遜小姐和布萊克先生繼續(xù)討論國際貨幣制度。

　　Black :Is that when the Smithsonian Agreement was signed ?

　　布萊克：史密森協(xié)定就是在那時(shí)簽訂的吧?

　　Johnson:Yes,in December 1971.Under that and subsequent agreements ,the fixed rate exchange system has been changed to a floating exchange rate system in which the value of various currencies fluctuate to restore balance-of-payments equilibrium .

　　約翰遜：對，是在1971年12月簽訂的。在史密森協(xié)定和隨后的一些協(xié)定的指導(dǎo)下，固定的外匯匯率制度轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦?dòng)匯變幻無率制度。在這個(gè)制度中，以各種貨幣價(jià)值的波動(dòng)來恢復(fù)國際收支差額的平衡。

　　B:So you mean that foreign exchange rates are new free to change according to the laws of supply and demand?

　　布萊克：那么，您是說，現(xiàn)在外匯匯率是按照供需規(guī)律自由是變化?

　　J:Not quite .Actually ,we now have a managed floating exchange rate system,or what many people call a dirty float system .

　　約翰遜：也不完全是這樣。實(shí)際上，我們現(xiàn)在建立了一個(gè)受管制的浮動(dòng)匯率制度，即許多人稱之為：受限制的浮動(dòng)外匯制度“。

　　This means that ,while there is a great degree of flexibility in exchange rates according to balance of payment factors,

　　就是說，雖然按照國際收支差額的因素，匯率有很大程度的靈活性，

　　central banks still intervene in the market by buying or selling large amounts of foreign currencies to prevent wide-ranging fluctuations.

　　但中央銀行仍然使用買進(jìn)或賣出大量外幣的辦法來防止大幅度的外匯浮動(dòng)，以此來干預(yù)外匯市場。

　　B:Why do they do this ?Wouldn't a clean float be better?

　　布萊克：他們?yōu)槭裁匆@樣做呢? 不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)會(huì)不會(huì)更好些呢?

　　J:Well,a clean float means that the parity rate of various currencies would go up or go down to restore balance-of -payments equilibrium.

　　約翰遜：不受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)意味著各種貨幣的比價(jià)能以漲價(jià)或跌價(jià)來恢復(fù)國際收支差額的平衡。

　　Therefore ,a country's international trade position could be affected by an appreciation of its currency .

　　因此，一個(gè)國家的外貿(mào)地位會(huì)因?yàn)樗呢泿诺脑鲋刀艿接绊懥恕?/p>

　　B:Oh ,I see.So governments must consider their internal fiscal and political requirements ,too.

　　布萊克：噢，我明白了。因此政府也必須考慮到國內(nèi)的財(cái)政和政治需要。

　　J:Yes,that's right .That's why it takes a great deal of international cooperation to make the present system work .

　　約翰遜：對，是這樣的。這就是為什么需要大量國際間協(xié)作才會(huì)使得這個(gè)現(xiàn)行制度發(fā)揮作用。

　　關(guān)于國際貨幣制度情景對話二：

　　Mary Johnson ,an officer of the First National Bank, is discussing the International Monetary System with one of her businessman clients ,Harold Black.

　　瑪麗·約翰遜，第一國民銀行的高級(jí)職員，正和她的一位經(jīng)商的顧客哈羅德·布萊克討論國際貨幣制度。

　　Black:I have been reading a great deal recently about exchange-rate fluctuations ,

　　布萊克：最近，我讀了大量有關(guān)外匯匯率浮動(dòng)、

　　payment balances ,clean and dirty floats ,and the International Monetary System .

　　收支平衡、不受限制的和受限制的匯率浮動(dòng)以及國際貨幣制度的材料。

　　While I generally understand the way foreign exchange markets work,I am not sure exactly what the International Monetary System is.

　　雖然我對于外匯市場的機(jī)制有了大概的了解，但是對于什么是國際貨幣制度這個(gè)問題還是不十分清楚。

　　Johnson:Well,Mr.Black,the term International Monetary System actually refers to a series of agreements among the major governments and their central banks to bring order and stability to the international exchange markets.

　　瑪 麗：噢，布萊克先生，“國際貨幣制度”這一術(shù)語實(shí)際上是指為了維護(hù)國際外匯市場的秩序和穩(wěn)定，一些影響較大的政府和中央銀行之間所簽定的一系列協(xié)定。

　　The most important ,signed in 1944,is called the Bretton Woods Agreement .

　　最為重要的一個(gè)協(xié)定是1944年簽定的布雷頓森林的協(xié)定，

　　It established the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

　　根據(jù)該協(xié)定而建立了世界銀行和國際貨幣基金組織。

　　B:Oh ,so you mean these agreements regulate international exchange rates?

　　布萊克：那么，您是說由這些協(xié)定來管理國際匯率嗎?

　　J:They did until 1971.Up until that time international foreign exchange rates were pegged to fixed values for gold and the U.S.dollar,

　　瑪 麗：直到1971年，這些協(xié)定確實(shí)起著這樣的作用。在當(dāng)時(shí)，國際外匯匯率是以黃金和美元的固定價(jià)值來定價(jià)的，

　　which was considered to be the key currency .

　　黃金和美元被分認(rèn)為當(dāng)時(shí)的主要通幣。

　　B:What happened in 1971 to change this ?

　　布萊克：那么，1971年時(shí)，什么原因改變了這一點(diǎn)呢?

　　J:The surplus of dollars abroad from foreign aid,capital exports and chronic balance of payments deficits forced the U.S. to formally suspend gold convertibility .

　　瑪 麗：由于外援而造成的國外的美元過剩，資本的輸出和長期的國際收支逆差迫使美國正式中止了黃金的可兌換性，

　　This brought an end to the old Bretton Woods System.

　　致使舊的布雷頓森林體系宣告結(jié)束。