新東方四級(jí)考試資料
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在閱讀題和詞匯語(yǔ)法題中,有這幾個(gè)詞的選項(xiàng)肯定是答案:beyond, entitle, available, bargain, lest, except for
在“自然科學(xué)”閱讀中,有這幾個(gè)詞的選項(xiàng)肯定要排除:all, only, totally, compalatly, unlimiely.
在“態(tài)度題”中,有這兩個(gè)詞的選項(xiàng)要排除:indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的),subject(主觀的)
作文題目強(qiáng)烈推薦-----“網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利弊”
詞匯:(很有沖刺性)
come go keep hold get put make turn bring look call ask stand lay run live
以上詞跟介詞搭配必考幾道!
重點(diǎn)記憶詞匯---------------(括號(hào)內(nèi)注明的是這次要考的意思)
bargain(見(jiàn)了就選) except for(見(jiàn)了就選) offer(錄取通知書(shū)) effects(個(gè)人財(cái)物) gap(不足、差距) mark(污點(diǎn)、做標(biāo)記) mind(照料、看管) moment(考了8次) present(拿出) inquire deliberate advisable accuse anything but for consume with extensive at intervals origin preferable to procedure profitable property pace point range refuse refer to relief religion relatively release rise single sole spoil stick suit surprise urgent vary tense tolerant trace vacant weaken wear off
需要辨析的:
1. call off(取消、放棄) 和 call up(召集、喚起) 2. adapt to 和 adopt
3. arise 和 arouse 4. count on = rely on 5. cope with = deal with
6. no doubt 和 in doubt 7. employee 和 employer 8. general 和 generous
9. instant 和 constant 10. lie(及物) 和 lay(不及物) 11. regulate 和 regular
12. supply(有目的提供) 和 offer(無(wú)目的提供)
語(yǔ)法:(分值?。?/div>
1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣:
表示建議的幾個(gè)詞:wish, would rather, had rather;
it is time that + 過(guò)去式;
it is high time that + 過(guò)去式;
but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +動(dòng)詞原型。
2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:
最??迹翰欢ㄊ?表示主動(dòng)、將來(lái),通常愛(ài)做后置定語(yǔ);
其次考:分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行,過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)完成。通常做狀語(yǔ)。
再次考:動(dòng)名詞 動(dòng)詞名詞化,做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
3. 時(shí)態(tài):
按出題可能性大小依次為:將來(lái)完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
4. 語(yǔ)態(tài):
肯定考被動(dòng)。
作文:(肯定是議論文、最有沖刺性)
什么樣的英雄是你心目中的英雄 (有可能出)
適合才是找工作的關(guān)鍵 (有可能出)
學(xué)校點(diǎn)名有沒(méi)有必要
談一下你對(duì)atm機(jī)的看法 (有可能出)
防盜門(mén)窗有沒(méi)有用
你對(duì)打折的看法
演講稿的開(kāi)頭致歡迎詞
獨(dú)生子女的利弊
你怎么看待電視購(gòu)物,電子購(gòu)物
網(wǎng)絡(luò)的利弊 ----------------------------(最有可能?。?/div>
閱讀:
必考體裁:
1。美國(guó)文化生活實(shí)文
提示:1。friend,關(guān)于友誼;2。家庭,父母,養(yǎng)父母;3。“死亡”話題,安樂(lè)死;4。美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題
2。教育學(xué)
提示:1。imitation(模仿);2。中美教育差別;3。選專(zhuān)業(yè),找工作
3。自然學(xué)科
提示:讀什么選什么。*只要有 all 或only 的選項(xiàng)就排除。
出題原則:
1. 轉(zhuǎn)折原則:出現(xiàn)but、however肯定出題;
2. 原因原則:出現(xiàn)because、reason、witse(由于)、be due to(由于)肯定出題;
3. 比較原則:在讀文章時(shí),遇到比較原則的特征詞做出標(biāo)記,以便定位;
題干當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)特征詞,回原文定位時(shí),必須有相同或類(lèi)似的說(shuō)法出現(xiàn);
要是選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了特征詞,如果要選,原文中必須有出處,但通常無(wú)出處,所以常排除。
特征詞:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more…than….
as….as….、only、sole、unique
4.例證原則:例子本身不重,所支持的觀點(diǎn)、論斷最重要。
做題技巧:
?。?xì)節(jié)題:
1. 文章議論順序和出題順序一致;
2. 從題干中尋找典型的特征詞回原文中定位;
常用定位詞:時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),人名,特征名詞及其定語(yǔ)
3. 從選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中尋找一個(gè)與所定位內(nèi)容意思最接近的作為正確答案。
排除法:1。分清有無(wú),2。分清強(qiáng)弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清寬窄,6。分清全偏。
* **選項(xiàng)中有以下幾個(gè)詞則排除:totally, compalatly, unlimitely.
?。瓚B(tài)度題:
永遠(yuǎn)不可能為答案的詞:indifferent(漠不關(guān)心的),subject(主觀的)
常選詞:
樂(lè)觀、贊揚(yáng):positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(樂(lè)觀的)
中立: objective(客觀的) 在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項(xiàng)
neutral(中立的) 在自然科學(xué)文章中常作正確選項(xiàng)
悲觀、批評(píng):critical(批評(píng)的),negative,pessimistic(悲觀的)
出處:1。主題句,2。例證的傾向性,3,修飾語(yǔ)的感情色彩
------topic題(1個(gè)):
1. 文章的topic(議論對(duì)象、說(shuō)明對(duì)象)必須存在于正確答案當(dāng)中;
在文章中尋找topic:從前不從后,從多不從少。
2. 排除:文章所談的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容和段落內(nèi)容永遠(yuǎn)不可能成為答案;
3. 主題句的出處:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。
?。璱nfer題(1-2個(gè)):
1. 基本原則:從選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中尋找一個(gè)與原文意思最相近的作為正確答案;
2. 從選項(xiàng)下手,運(yùn)用排除法。
?。~匯和指代合在一起(出一題):
1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,離它最近的名詞、詞組和句子;
2. 詞匯:從該詞附近的定語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)從句、逗號(hào)和破折號(hào)中間的插入語(yǔ)并列結(jié)構(gòu)去猜詞。
?。ㄒ唬?聽(tīng)力題型分析
?。椤ⅲ峁?jié)(section a)
?。?、 問(wèn)題類(lèi)型
?。峁?jié)每組對(duì)話一般是在一男一女之間進(jìn)行的一問(wèn)一答。問(wèn)題一般由先講話的人提出。題目均以問(wèn)句形式出現(xiàn),其中多數(shù)是特殊疑問(wèn)句。這些問(wèn)題涉及的內(nèi)容大致歸納如下:
?。?、多用來(lái)問(wèn)以下內(nèi)容:
1) 問(wèn)"是什么、要什么、討論什么、什么種類(lèi)"等,如:
what is the man's answer?
what does the woman want for lunch?
what are they talking about?
what kind of books does the man want to borrow?
?。玻?問(wèn)"做什么",如:
what does the woman tell the man to do first?
what are the speakers doing now?
what will happen if john fails the exam?
?。常?問(wèn)"什么含義",如:
what does the man mean (imply) ?
what does the woman''s answer suggest?
?。矗?問(wèn)"從對(duì)話中能獲得什么信息或結(jié)論",如:
what can we learn from the conversation?
what can be concluded from this conversation?
?。担?問(wèn)"對(duì)某人或某事有什么看法",如:
what does the man think of miss brown?
what does the woman think of the plan?
?。?、a節(jié)中用提出的問(wèn)題主要問(wèn)"對(duì)話可能是在什么場(chǎng)所發(fā)生的",即:
where does this conversation most probably take place?
where does this conversation most likely occur?
where are the man and woman?
?。恪⒖赡軉?wèn)以下幾個(gè)方面的情況:
?。保?問(wèn)鐘點(diǎn)(可用替換),如:
man (m): what time did yesterday's football match start?
woman (w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.
question(q): when did the game finally start?
?。玻?問(wèn)在哪個(gè)星期或星期幾(后者可用替換),如:
w: i thought to go to town now. i have some shopping to do.
m: don''t spend too much, i won''t get paid until next week.
q: when will he be paid?
?。常?問(wèn)日期,如:
when will the winter vacation begin?
?。?、用提問(wèn)的問(wèn)題可以問(wèn)原因,也可以問(wèn)目的,如:
why is the man late?
why did the man repair the car by himself?
e、可能問(wèn)對(duì)話者某一方的身份、對(duì)話人之間的關(guān)系或?qū)υ捴猩婕暗降钠渌说那闆r,如:
w: may i help you ,sir?
m: i hope so. it''s my watch. i brought it in to be repaired, but i''ve lost the
receipt.
q: who is the man?
f、主要針對(duì)以下內(nèi)容提問(wèn):
?。保?問(wèn)做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如:
how did the teacher usually begin his class?
how does the man usually go to work?
2) 問(wèn)"對(duì)某事的感受如何",如:
how does the man feel about the movie?
how do you like the film?
g、問(wèn)"多少",屬于涉及數(shù)字的題,可能有以下幾種形式:
how many persons ...?
how many dozens of ... does ... want?
how much does ...?
how old is ...?
how long does it take ... to ...?
?。峁?jié)的問(wèn)句根據(jù)疑問(wèn)詞劃分,大致可以歸為以上七類(lèi)。a節(jié)中偶爾也有個(gè)別一般疑問(wèn)句。但也可能出現(xiàn)其它類(lèi)型的問(wèn)句,(如以whom,whose,which提問(wèn)),或針對(duì)以上未歸納的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。(二) 2、 對(duì)話內(nèi)容分類(lèi)
若按對(duì)話內(nèi)容分類(lèi),則可分為以下幾種類(lèi)型:
?。?、時(shí)間類(lèi):包括直接型和計(jì)算型。如:
w: your library books are due on December 13th. if you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.
m: thank you very much . I only need them for a few days.
q: when must the man return his books to the library?
?。狻?shù)字類(lèi):包括直接型和計(jì)算型。如:
w: do you live in a college dormitory?
m: yes, I do. it's a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.
q: how many people share the suite now?
?。恪⒌攸c(diǎn)類(lèi):包括直接型和含蓄型。如:
m: i need to cash this check?
w: will you step right over to the teller's window, please?
q: where is the conversation most probably taking place?
d、否定類(lèi):
此類(lèi)對(duì)話既可以含有not, no, neither, nor等否定詞,也有 but, although等轉(zhuǎn)折詞,或由would rather, too...to結(jié)構(gòu)及虛擬語(yǔ)氣等表達(dá)。因此,對(duì)于后者要特別加以注意。如:
m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?
w: i wish i could help you. i went shopping yesterday. now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.
q: will the man borrow any money from the woman?
此題的答案肯定是no。聽(tīng)這段話時(shí)要抓住I wish I could help you.這一關(guān)鍵話語(yǔ)。這句話雖然從表面上看是肯定式,但卻隱含著I'm sorry I can't help you.的意思。
?。濉⑷宋镱?lèi):
包括人物關(guān)系、人物身份兩類(lèi)。此類(lèi)對(duì)話提供一個(gè)情節(jié),能反映所涉及的人的關(guān)系或身份。如:
m: good evening, madam. there is a table for two over there. this way, please.
w: thank you. could i see the menu, please?
q: what's the relationship between the man and woman?
a) husband and wife. b) waiter and customer.
c) salesman and customer. d) host and guest.
?。?、活動(dòng)類(lèi):
這一類(lèi)談話內(nèi)容可涉及上課、娛樂(lè)、工作、日常生活等各種
情況。如:
w: are you going to new york next weekend?
m: yes, I'm going to look up bill while i''m there.
q: what's the man going to do?
這類(lèi)對(duì)話中往往先后出現(xiàn)幾種情況,要注意聽(tīng)問(wèn)句是什么,然后再作出選擇。
(三) 3、 幾種常見(jiàn)的解題方法
a節(jié)中的對(duì)話雖然簡(jiǎn)短,但多數(shù)情況下,往往不能從聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容中找到與選擇項(xiàng)內(nèi)容完全相同的部分,即對(duì)話中一般沒(méi)有現(xiàn)成的答案。因此,在聽(tīng)的時(shí)候要注意抓住選擇項(xiàng)的同義或反義詞(組)用辨別法答題(解活動(dòng)類(lèi)多用此方法),或根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容采用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題,類(lèi)型不僅僅限于諸如"what does the man mean?"這樣的題目,其它如含蓄人物類(lèi)、人物身份類(lèi)、含蓄地點(diǎn)類(lèi)、否定類(lèi)題目也與此類(lèi)似。如:
w: how do you like the play you saw last night?
m: well, i should have stayed at home.
q: what does the man think of the play?
a) it is exciting. b) it is boring.
c) he didn''t see the play. d) he like it very much.
對(duì)話中"i should have stayed at home."(我真該待在家里),這句話已婉轉(zhuǎn)地表明他不喜歡這出戲,而對(duì)沒(méi)有待在家里表示遺憾、后悔(should have done something這種結(jié)構(gòu)可用來(lái)表示"對(duì)應(yīng)該發(fā)生而實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生的事情表示遺憾、后悔或譴責(zé))。能使他產(chǎn)生此感想的原因自然是"the play is boring."(演出令人厭煩),因而b是正確的答案。否定類(lèi)題目多含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)氣否定、暗示比喻、強(qiáng)化意見(jiàn)等形式。這一節(jié)屬于此數(shù)字類(lèi)題目的對(duì)話中,多出現(xiàn)兩處,甚至三、四處數(shù)字或時(shí)間,因此,除了用辨別方法外,有時(shí)必須用計(jì)算方法才能得出正確答案. (四) 四六級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作類(lèi)型
1. 體裁:說(shuō)明文,議論文 最近幾年的四六級(jí)作文的體裁以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主。說(shuō)明文如:how to succeed in a job interview (2000,12,四級(jí)), how i finance my college education(2000,1 四級(jí)), practice makes perfect, haste makes waste(97,1 六級(jí))議論文如:don''t hesitate to say "no"(99,1 四級(jí)和六級(jí)), can money buy happiness(95,1 四級(jí)), is a test of spoken english necessary?(2000,6 四級(jí)) reading selectively or extensively? (99,6六級(jí)),do "lucky numbers" really bring good luck? (98,6 四級(jí)和六級(jí))
2.段落類(lèi)型:比較/對(duì)比,列舉,程序等 說(shuō)明和議論文章所采用的文章擴(kuò)展模式一般以比較/對(duì)照,舉例、列舉、因果、程序等者居多。如:don''t hesitate to say "no", reading selectively or extensively等很多四六級(jí)寫(xiě)作中都涉及到兩種觀點(diǎn)的對(duì)比,整體的段落類(lèi)型為對(duì)照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落結(jié)構(gòu)模式,也可以采用舉例說(shuō)明的結(jié)構(gòu)模式。advantages of a job interview則應(yīng)采用列舉的段落擴(kuò)展模式。
3. 出題方式:提綱式寫(xiě)作,中文提綱,一般為三句或兩句。如:99年1月份考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don''t hesitate to say "no". you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below.
1. 別人請(qǐng)求幫助時(shí),在什么情況下我們會(huì)說(shuō)“不"。2. 為什么有些人在該說(shuō)"不"的時(shí)候不說(shuō)"不"。3. 該說(shuō)"不"時(shí)不說(shuō)"不"的壞處。
再如:98年一月分考題directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: harmfulness of fake commodities. you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in chinese) below.
1. 目前社會(huì)上有不少假冒偽劣商品(fake commodities)。為什么會(huì)有這種情況2. 舉例說(shuō)明假冒偽劣商品對(duì)消費(fèi)者個(gè)人、社會(huì)等的危害。
?。ㄎ澹?論文類(lèi)的??妓悸?
1.題目難擬 2.資料難查 3.打字(機(jī)房總被占用)
涉及詞匯:
打字: laptop 手提電腦 壞了
打印: type it out -->printer/computer
摘要: do some research -->labrary
【research】 1.論文 2.報(bào)紙 3.文件 4.紙張
考點(diǎn)詞匯:
演講:(speech,address,report)-->考點(diǎn):1.提問(wèn)難 2.應(yīng)穿著正式的衣服(對(duì)話涉及) 3.感到緊張(feeling nervous)
圖書(shū)管題目常考思路:
1.想借的書(shū)借不到 2.想還的書(shū)(已經(jīng)過(guò)期)
考點(diǎn)詞匯:
關(guān)于費(fèi)用:fare 交通費(fèi) rent 租金 fee 雜費(fèi) utilities 水電費(fèi) postage 郵資 tuition 學(xué)費(fèi)
tuition feee 學(xué)雜費(fèi)
罰款:fine
餐廳問(wèn)題的??妓悸?
校內(nèi)食堂 cafeteria
關(guān)于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/
餐廳:fansy restanrant (豪華的)/meal ticket(飯票)/plate(盤(pán)子)/helpings(一人一份)
機(jī)場(chǎng)內(nèi)題目常考思路:
1.票已經(jīng)賣(mài)完 2.接人晚點(diǎn) 3.送人傷感
考點(diǎn)詞匯:
board 登機(jī)
airplane/direct flight/first class (頭等艙)/economy class(經(jīng)濟(jì)艙)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/
wing(1.附樓 2.機(jī)翼)/terminal 1.終端 2.終點(diǎn)站 3.后機(jī)廳
交通類(lèi)題目??妓悸?
交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up
罰款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding
交通晚點(diǎn):1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time
打電話場(chǎng)景考試思路:
1.要約會(huì)的人約不到 2.約會(huì)去不了 3.電話打不通或者打錯(cuò)電話
考點(diǎn)詞匯:
coin:wrong out of coins ->cut off (被動(dòng)) ->hang up (主動(dòng)) ->hook (掛鉤) ->receiver (話筒)
?。?gt; slot (硬幣投幣口)
過(guò)程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial
醫(yī)院類(lèi)的題目思路:
1.醫(yī)生難找 2.病情如何 getting better/worse 3.有病耽誤 miss the class {reason:1.get ill
2.over sleep 3.traffic jam