考英語(yǔ)b級(jí)的技巧

　　考英語(yǔ)b級(jí)的技巧：詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)技巧

　　在此主要介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育與現(xiàn)代遠(yuǎn)程教育考試有可能出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)法測(cè)試重點(diǎn)。

　　1.倒裝句

　?、? 以only 和not only, but also 開(kāi)頭的句子。

　　例：Only in this way can we learn English well. (注意：can we learn是個(gè)部分倒裝形式)。 例：Not only did they take the desks away, but they took the chairs away. (注意but后的正常語(yǔ)序)

　?、?以否定詞no, not, never, hardly, seldom, 開(kāi)頭的句子。

　　例：Nowhere else can you find such good quality furniture.

　　例：Never before have I ever been so happy.

　　例：So little ____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.

　　A.did I know B. I had known C. I knew D. was I known

　　2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　例：It is because she is very devoted to her student ________ she is respected by them.

　　A.that B. which C. what D. who

　　It is something (that) 而不是(which)

　　It is Mr. Li (who) „

　　3.定語(yǔ)從句

　　例：The company official ____ I thought would be fired received a raise.

　　A. whom B. whoever C.who D. of whom

　　例： ____ was pointed above, this substance can be used as a substitute.

　　A. It B. That C. What D.As

　　4.名詞從句

　　名詞從句的引導(dǎo)詞是“what” ，從句中的語(yǔ)序有變化，不同于正常語(yǔ)序。“what”代替了句中某個(gè)“事或物”，而這個(gè)“事或物”(名詞)則被省略。(we once considered “something” as impossible) has now become a reality = (What we once considered as impossible) (從句作主語(yǔ))has now become reality.

　　例： ________ was not the way the event happened.

　　A. Which the press reported B. That the press reported

　　C. What did the press report D.What the press reported

　　例： Air, or ____ is called atmosphere, surrounds the whole earth.

　　A. it B. that C. which D.what

　　What引導(dǎo)的從句可作主語(yǔ)，which引導(dǎo)的從句只能修飾名詞，作定語(yǔ)，而且放在被修飾詞的后面。

　　5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 推測(cè)句

　　must be / must be doing / must have done 表示的是一種推測(cè)性的句子。

　　must be 一定是， must be doing 一定在做什么 must have done 一定做過(guò)什么。 Who’s there? It must be Tom. 誰(shuí)在那兒?一定是湯姆。

　　The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.

　　would + have done 表示本可以做而未做的意思。

　　I would have joined you if I had time. 如果我有時(shí)間，我就會(huì)跟你們一起去了。

　　6.虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　非真實(shí)條件句(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)，還有其他虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。是必考的項(xiàng)目。

　　例：I'd _______ you didn't touch that, if you don't mind.

　　A.rather B. better C. happier D. further

　　I'd = I would ，這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的一個(gè)重要符號(hào)。

　　如：I would rather somebody did.

　　例： The doctor advised that Mr. Malan ____ an operation right away so as to save his life.

　　A. had B. would have C.have D. was going to have

　　又如：It is time we went. It is (about / high) time somebody did.

　　該干什么了。

　　例：He talks as if he ________everything in the world.

　　A. knows B.knew C. had known D. would have known

　　例：I wish you ________ to me before you went and bought that car.

　　A. spoke B. will speak C. was going to speak D.had spoken

　　例：The driver might have ______the accident if he had had his headlights on.

　　A. missed B.avoided C. stopped D. dismissed

　　7.分詞

　　_______ tired after a hard work ,she fell into bed and went straight to sleep.

　　A. Felt B.Feeling C. Being felt D. To feel

　　8.獨(dú)立主格 當(dāng)伴隨的情況中的主語(yǔ)與主句中的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，伴隨情況從句要：

　?、賻в羞壿嬌系闹髡Z(yǔ)，②邏輯主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)部分不同于一般的動(dòng)詞，而使用分詞(-ing 或-ed)。③不要連詞。

　　比較： Because my mother is sick, I cannot attend the conference.

　　My mother being sick, I cannot attend the conference.

　　Because my arm was injured, I cannot attend the conference.

　　My arm injured, I cannot attend the conference.

　　______, we decided to leave at once, as we didn't want to risk missing the bus.

　　A. As it being pretty late B.It being pretty late

　　C. It was being pretty late D. Being pretty late

　　(時(shí)間已晚)，我們決定立即動(dòng)身，因?yàn)槲覀儾幌脲e(cuò)過(guò)這班公交車(chē)。

　　題中原句的意思是： it is pretty late, „„用來(lái)說(shuō)明我們?yōu)槭裁匆⒓磩?dòng)身的理

　　由，有三種辦法表達(dá)這種意思：

　?、?用原因狀語(yǔ)從句 Since it is pretty late, we decided to „

　　② 分兩句講：It is pretty late. We decided to „

　?、?用獨(dú)立主格：It (指時(shí)間) being pretty late, we decided to „

　　9. 帶介詞的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)聯(lián)詞

　　例：Before her marriage, she spent a considerable time in that very part of Shanghai,

　　________ she belonged.

　　A. which B. to where C.to which D. at which

　　例：The investigation, ________ will soon be published, was made by john.

　　A. at which the results B. the results on which

　　C.whose results D. at whose results

　　10.主謂一致

　　所謂主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)相一致。這句要求的是動(dòng)詞的單/復(fù)數(shù)要與主語(yǔ)匹配。如下面幾種情況：

　?、?用and 連詞是復(fù)數(shù)： Mary and Larry are „

　?、?用or, either „ or„, neither „ nor „時(shí)，隨or/nor后面的詞而定。這被稱(chēng)作就近原則。Neither he nor we are „

　　出現(xiàn)together with 和as well as 的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，不要管它,要以主語(yǔ)而定。 Xiao Li, together with his friends, is going to the movie. Lao Li, as well as all the other people, is going to „。

　　11.將來(lái)完成時(shí)

　　時(shí)間信號(hào)是by + 將來(lái)的時(shí)間, 主句中用將來(lái)完成時(shí)或完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　By the time you finish your college studies I will have got married.

　　By the year 2009 China will have hosted the Olympic Games.

　　過(guò)去完成時(shí)： 時(shí)間信號(hào)是by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間，主句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí)或過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 By the time when we got there, everything had been sold out.

　　By the end of 1989 I had finished my studies in college.

　　By next year he __________ in New York for five years.

　　A. has worked B. has been working

　　C. works D. will have worked

　　(到明年)，他就(將)在紐約(住滿了)五年了。

　　以介詞by引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間，往往用完成時(shí)。by 2008, by the end of next year, by then, by the end of 1992等等。