高考英語語法應(yīng)試技巧
高考英語語法應(yīng)試技巧
高考時，對于英語語法填空的應(yīng)試技巧和解題技巧要相當(dāng)注意，因為它們都是不練習(xí)就會退步的。下面是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編給大家整理的高考英語語法應(yīng)試技巧，供大家參閱!
語法填空應(yīng)試技巧
該題型的命題形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10處空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容(1個單詞)或所提供單詞的正確形式。
1.文章的首尾一、二句一般不留空格，至少應(yīng)該保證第一句的完整，以幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)入文章內(nèi)容，了解作者的寫作風(fēng)格，便于后面的填空。短文沒有超出課標(biāo)的生詞，但可以有課標(biāo)詞匯的派生詞。
2.文章中的人名、地名等專有名詞，以及日期、數(shù)字等不能作為空格。因為這類信息如果只在文章中出現(xiàn)一次，學(xué)生無法根據(jù)語言線索或其他線索填出這些空格。
3.純空格題通?？疾轶w現(xiàn)上下文邏輯關(guān)系的紐帶詞匯，如冠詞、介詞、代詞和連詞等;給提示詞的填空通?？疾閷?shí)詞，如名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換等，答案可能是一個單詞、兩個單詞或兩個以上的單詞。
4.設(shè)題不以學(xué)生常范的語法錯誤作為考點(diǎn)。語法中的“偏”、“難”、“怪”等考查方向與文章理解沒有直接關(guān)系，將會偏離測試目標(biāo)，從而誤導(dǎo)學(xué)生。因此語法填空主要測試學(xué)生的語言應(yīng)用能力。
做題前，首先要結(jié)合上下文先對劃空句子進(jìn)行仔細(xì)閱讀，注意有無提示詞語;然后
判斷所填詞語在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，例如，主語、謂語、狀語等;最后根據(jù)所充當(dāng)句子的比較級或者最高級等。
如果句子中沒有提示詞或者標(biāo)志詞存在，考生要根據(jù)句子中所填詞語的位置，判斷
所填詞語的屬性，例如，連接詞、定冠詞或者不定冠詞、代詞或者介詞等。定冠詞以及不定冠詞的位置通常在名詞之前，做到對名詞進(jìn)行限制的作用。而代詞則分為形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞、指示代詞和不定代詞等。在運(yùn)用介詞的時候，往往考查介詞的固定搭配，其中包括動詞、形容詞等與介詞的搭配。
高考英語語法應(yīng)試技巧：解題技巧
首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞;然后，根據(jù)句子意思確定填什么詞或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系，確定用什么樣的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，主要有以下七種情況：
?、倜~前若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞等)，很可能要填限定詞。 例1.(2015課標(biāo)I卷)
A few hours before ,I‟d been at home in Hong Kong , with Its 此處用形容詞性物主代詞修飾 choking smog 。
?、诰渲胁蝗敝髡Z、表語，動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面一定是填介詞。 例2.(2015課標(biāo)I卷)
For those who fly to Guilin , it‟s only an hour awayof the better-known city .
By 根據(jù)后面的car 可知，此處用介詞by 構(gòu)成固定表達(dá)，by car“乘坐汽車”。 ③若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能填連詞。
例3.(2014課標(biāo)I卷)
But the river wasn‟t changed in a few days even a few months .
Or 根據(jù)句意可知，a few days 與 a few months 之間為并列關(guān)系，因為這是在否定句中，所以用or 連接。
?、苋魞删渲g沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，很可能填并列連詞、從屬連詞或定語從句與名詞性從句的連接詞等。
例4.(2015課標(biāo)I卷)
I‟d skipped nearby Guilin , a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings .
That/which 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，從句中缺少主語，所以用that 或which來引導(dǎo)。
例5.(2014課標(biāo)II卷) and disappointed .
and前后兩個句子之間是并列關(guān)系，因此使用and連接。
⑤若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是圓形，特別是與上下文的時態(tài)不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do,does , did 等)。
例6.(2014課標(biāo)II卷) anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?
Did 這是一個一般疑問句，謂語動詞是實(shí)義動詞lose，因此應(yīng)該使用助動詞;結(jié)合地點(diǎn)狀語at the last stop 確定使用一般過去時。
?、奕敝髡Z或賓語，很可能填代詞或名詞(代詞考的更多)
例7.(2015.廣東) that his farm had much potential and that the death of cow was a bit of luck .
him 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺少的是occurred to的賓語，根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，應(yīng)該用代詞him指代上文提到的約翰遜。
?、哂商厥獾木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格處應(yīng)填的詞。這些特殊句式有：強(qiáng)調(diào)句、倒裝句、it用作形式主語或形式賓語、so/such...that句型和more...than...等。
例8.(2014.上海)
Not until I returned(32) _____I reailze that a quiet town life was the best for me .
Did 這是一個部分倒裝句式，通常需要把主句的系動詞、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提到主語前面;結(jié)合上下文可知，此處應(yīng)使用一般過去時，所以用did.
2.給出動詞提示詞填空的解題技巧
?、偃艟渲袥]有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞;若句中缺少謂語動詞，就要考慮所給動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。 例9.(2015課標(biāo)I卷)
It was raining lightly when I (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn .
Arrived 分句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞，根據(jù)主句的謂語 was raining 可知，此處用一般過去時。
例10.(2015課標(biāo)I卷)
Yangshuo (be) really beautiful .
is 句子的主語是Yangshuo，該句描述的是客觀事實(shí)，所以此處的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，且為單數(shù)形式。
?、谌艟渲幸延兄^語動詞，又不缺少并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式，還是用不定式形式。
例11.(2015課標(biāo)I卷)
A study of travelers (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world .
Conducted 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的謂語動詞是names，所以此處為非謂語動詞，study與conduct之間存在被動關(guān)系，所以用過去形式作后置定語。
例12.(2015課標(biāo)II卷)
When a new day breaks , the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day...
To cool根據(jù)前面的 are now cold enough可知，此處用不動詞形式做結(jié)果狀語。
3.詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧
根據(jù)該詞所做句子成分確定所給單詞的哪種形式，例如：作表語、定語或補(bǔ)語，通常用形容詞形式;修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，通常用副詞形式;此外，還要根據(jù)句意和上下文的語境考慮使用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級、最高級。
例13.(2015課標(biāo)I卷)
Abercrombie &Kent , a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong .
Regularly 此處缺少的是修飾謂語動詞arranges 的成分，所以用副詞形式。
例14.(2015課標(biāo)II卷) (nature) architects , the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days .
Natural根據(jù)后面的architects可知，此處應(yīng)該使用形容詞修飾該名詞，所以應(yīng)用natural。
鞏固提升 Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I__61__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn‟t care. A few hours__62__, I‟d been at home in Hong Kong, with __63_(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I‟d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark
waters of the Li River_64__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _65__(painting). Instead, I „d head straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it‟s only an hour away__66_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city. Yangshuo__67__(be) really beautiful. A study of travelers_68__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it_69__(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people_70__(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
高考英語語法應(yīng)試技巧：語法填空熱身練習(xí)
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It (be)unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it (actual)caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
But the river wasn‟t changed in a few days even a few months. It took years of
work (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard
work paid off and now the water in the river is Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you leave a habit is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don‟t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation ,don‟t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be (patience)