英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四虛擬語(yǔ)氣真題講解

　　虛擬語(yǔ)氣歷來(lái)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的難、重點(diǎn)之一。本文結(jié)合課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐,試從英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法系統(tǒng)的角度,從兩個(gè)方面對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解,從而使廣大自考生能夠輕松掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一方面,“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”概念的理解;另一方面,變簡(jiǎn)單的用法列舉為邊講解邊列舉它的常見(jiàn)用法。

　　英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)四虛擬語(yǔ)氣真題講解

　　一、虛擬條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用：

　　虛擬條件句從時(shí)間上又分為與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反三種情況。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的，if從句用過(guò)去式，主句用would(或could ,should ,might)加原形動(dòng)詞。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的，if從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would(或could ,should ,might)+have done結(jié)構(gòu)。與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反的，if 從句用should (或were to )加動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would加動(dòng)詞原形。

　　1、If a better material _____, the strength of the part would have been increased.

　　A. had been used

　　B. had been using

　　C. being used

　　D. using

　　(根據(jù)前面的講解，正確答案為A。)(1992年58題)

　　2、Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.

　　A. had gone

　　B. could have gone

　　C. would go

　　D. went

　　(答案：B。與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。當(dāng)if從句中含有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞時(shí)，if可以省略，主謂倒裝。)(2001年57題)

　　二、某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句以及某些名詞后的表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用
這些動(dòng)詞或名詞包括：

　　suggest (suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice)demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在這些從句中，謂語(yǔ)形式為should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。

　　例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.

　　A. would leave

　　B. leave

　　C. left

　　D. have left

　　(答案：B)(2002年49題)

　　三、在It is desired （或desirable）, It is important等結(jié)構(gòu)后面的主語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞用原形或should+原形動(dòng)詞。
這些結(jié)構(gòu)有：

　　“It is suggested”, “It is requested”,“It was ordered”, “It is necessary”, “It is essential”, “It is vital”, “It is urgent”,“ It is impossible”, “It is preferable”, “It is advisable”, “It was proposed”等。

　　例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.

　　A. comes

　　B. will com

　　C. come

　　D. may come

　　(答案：C)(1997年29題)

　　四、would rather, as if/though 以及wish后邊that從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的運(yùn)用。

　　1、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.

　　A. come

　　B. would come

　　C. came

　　D. have come

　　(答案：C。would rather 后面的從句中，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。)(2002年46題)

　　2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.

　　A. knows

　　B. knew

　　C. had known

　　D. would have know

　　(正確答案為B。在as if/though后邊的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式;如果表示的是想象中的過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本句表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的情況有所懷疑。)(1998年45題)

　　3、You look as if you had seen a ghost.

　　(此句中as if 后邊是說(shuō)話(huà)人想象中的動(dòng)作，所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。)

　　4、I wish I knew his address.

　　(在wish后邊的從句中，如果指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。這句話(huà)告訴我們說(shuō)話(huà)人并不知道他的地址。)

　　5、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college。

　　A. could study

　　B. studied

　　C. had studied

　　D. would study

　　(答案為C。表示過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。)(2000年32題)

　　五、在It is （high） time后邊的that從句中，動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，表示該做某事了。
例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?

　　A. give up

　　B. gave up

　　C. would give up

　　D. should give up

　　(答案為B。)(1999年31題)