高考完成句子解題策略
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高考完成句子解題策略如下:
一.命題思路與特點(diǎn)
根據(jù)《補(bǔ)充說明》,本題“共10小題,每小題1.5分。每題在一句話中留出空白,要求考生根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語提示,用句末括號(hào)內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子。本節(jié)測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)為英語語言知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用。” 再看2007年高考題:
31. They sat together around the table, with ________(門關(guān)著). ( shut )
32. I haven’t the slightest idea ________(他正在說什么). ( talk )
33. The fact ________(他失敗了數(shù)次)makes him very upset. ( he, fail )
34. Last night, John was answering the letters that ______(寄給他的)during the past two weeks. ( arrive )
35. He believes that children ________(應(yīng)允許……學(xué)習(xí))at their own pace. ( allow )
36. She has an excellent _______(對(duì)名字的記憶力), which helps her quite a lot in her work. (memory)
37. ______(他是否出過國(guó)) doesn’t make much difference. ( he, abroad )
38. The factory’s output of cars this year is _______(大約是去年的三倍) . ( as, great )
39. Not only _______(要幫助) the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. ( give )
40. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: he ___(可能參與) in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. ( hand )
(參考答案)
31.the door shut 或doors shut 或the doors shut
32. (of) what he’s talking about
33. that he has failed (for) several times
34. had arrived for him
35. should (ought to /must) be allowed to learn(study)
36. memory for names
37. Whether he has been abroad or not
38. about three times as great as that of last year
39. will help be given to
40. may (might/could) have had a hand
從題型表述和高考題來看,該題型題干由三部分組成,分別是英語句子、漢語提示和英語單詞提示。首先,該題通過英語句子提供一定的語境,在時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)等方面給予暗示,再由具體的漢語提示進(jìn)一步提供英語表達(dá)的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、形式、結(jié)構(gòu)、搭配等方面的暗示,而英語單詞的暗示作用主要體現(xiàn)在詞的搭配上。這三部分渾然一體,相互補(bǔ)充與限制,確保了答案的唯一性和客觀性。
研讀本高考題不難看出,該題型重在考查在理解具體語境的前提下綜合運(yùn)用語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)來解決實(shí)際問題的能力。10題中有5題涉及到詞的搭配(34題、35題、36題、39題和40題),有9題承載著語法考查的目的,如:非謂語動(dòng)詞(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))有1題(31題)、時(shí)態(tài)5題(32題、33題、34題、37題和 39題)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)2題(35題和39題)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞2題(35題和40題)、形容詞的比較狀語從句1題(38題)、名詞性從句3題(32題、33題和37題)、代詞that的指代用法(38題)、倒裝用法1題 (39題)。綜上所述,該題型有四個(gè)方面的特點(diǎn):①從語用平面(主題)講:該題通過英語句子和漢語提示提供完整的語言環(huán)境,主題鮮明。②從句法平面講:該題重在在理解具體語境的前提下,通過翻譯填空形式考查語法知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用。具有較強(qiáng)的基礎(chǔ)性。③從語義平面(上下文的邏輯關(guān)系)講,該題由于已提供完整的語言環(huán)境,故空白前后的邏輯關(guān)系非常明確。另外,該題屬于翻譯填空題。按理:主觀性較強(qiáng),答案不唯一,不好操作。但為確保答案的唯一性,該題型所提供的單詞可以是一個(gè)以上并且翻譯時(shí)不能改變所提供單詞的詞性。通過1-2個(gè)單詞的補(bǔ)充與限制,該題的可操作性加強(qiáng)。
二.解題思路與技巧
根據(jù)2007年湖北高考題命題思路與特點(diǎn),筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)從下列幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行解題
1. 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)英、漢信息提示,形成初步解題思路。
如:31. 門關(guān)著 (the) door(s) is/was shut
32. 他正在說什么 what is/was he talking about? 或what he is/was talking about
33. 他失敗了數(shù)次he has failed for several times
34. 寄給他的 (something) that arrived for him
35. 應(yīng)允許……學(xué)習(xí)should/ought to/must allow sb. to learn/study或sb. should/ought to/must be allowed to learn/study
36. 對(duì)名字的記憶力has/have a memory for names
37. 他是否出過國(guó)whether/if he has been abroad (or not)
38. 大約是去年的三倍is/are about three times as great as that of last year
39. 要幫助will give help或will help be given或help will be given
40. 可能參與may/might/could have had a hand in或may/could have a hand in
2.明晰句子結(jié)構(gòu),理清思路,確定正確答案
根據(jù)句子語景或空白前后的詞的相關(guān)搭配或用法,確定時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致、短語(非謂語動(dòng)詞形式及其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài))或從句(句序與連接詞的選擇)、倒裝、詞的增減等
⑴時(shí)態(tài)
如:32.主句I haven’t the slightest idea顯示為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),所以該從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)is talking about
33.主句動(dòng)詞makes說明該從句為現(xiàn)在成時(shí)has failed
34.主句句意John was answering the letters說明該從句為過去完成時(shí)(something) that had arrived for him
37.主句動(dòng)詞doesn’t make說明該從句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)whether/if he has been abroad (or not)
39.not only…but also連接并列分句時(shí),分句時(shí)態(tài)一般一致。but also分句用will,所以not only分句也用will
?、普Z態(tài)
如:35.該題空前有主語children,所以該空填被動(dòng)語態(tài)be allowed to learn
39.該題空前無主語,空后是人the disabled,所以該題須用help作主語,用被動(dòng)表達(dá)will help be given或help will be given
⑶語氣
如:40.根據(jù)句意,該空動(dòng)作應(yīng)表示對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)語氣,所以要用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+不定式的完成式may/might/could have had a hand in
又如: I _________(應(yīng)該)him about the matter, but I was too busy and forgot it . ( tell )
該題根據(jù)but分句句意,可以看出事實(shí)上(當(dāng)時(shí))我并沒有告訴他,故應(yīng)為虛擬語氣should have told
?、确侵^語動(dòng)詞形式及其時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)
如:31.該題空前有with, with前又有逗號(hào),所以該題考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的用法,“門”與“關(guān)”是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用過去分詞形式shut表被動(dòng)。
再如: When she heard her mother’s steps on the stairs, she pretended________ (在寫) her composition. (write)
本題空前有謂語動(dòng)詞pretended, 根據(jù)常用句型pretend to do 或pretend that-clause,故可用不定式的進(jìn)行式 to be writing
?、蓮木渚湫蚣斑B接詞的選擇
如:32.根據(jù)句意或句型結(jié)構(gòu)have no idea (of ),該空應(yīng)為同位語從句或介詞of的賓語從句,疑問詞what提前,后面用陳述句句序,即:what he is talking about
33.該題主語為the fact,其后應(yīng)為同位語從句,該空沒有疑問句意,所以不用任何疑問詞而用連接詞that連接主從句,即:that he has failed for several times
37.根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),該空應(yīng)為主語從句,位于句首,所以用whether而不用if 表示“是否”,即: whether he has been abroad or not
再如: (政府將怎樣處理這些舊房子)is still unknown. (do )
本題要求用所給單詞do表示“處理”,一般用do with,而與do with搭配的疑問詞是what而不是how,故用what而不用how表示“怎樣”,即:What the government will do with the old houses
?、实寡b
如:39. not only…but also連接并列分句,not only位于句首時(shí),該分句用部分倒裝will help be given
?、嗽~的增減
根據(jù)句意及空前后的詞,補(bǔ)充或刪減答案中的相關(guān)單詞。
如:32.talk后須加上about, 表談?wù)?/p>
34.空前有定語從句主語that及其先行詞the letters,故只需填had arrived for him
36.空前有has an excellent, 所以只需memory for names
38.空前有is, 所以不要is
39.空后只有賓語the disabled, 沒有to, 所以要帶上to
40.空后有介詞in, 故去掉介詞in
⑻主謂一致
如: All the students ____(渴望)admission to a key university. (desperate )
本題主語是復(fù)數(shù),故謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)are, 答案為are desperate for
又如:E-mail, as well as phone calls, _________(正起重要作用)daily communication. ( play )
根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),該題主語為單數(shù),故謂語動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)為單數(shù)。即:is playing an important part in
另外,還有介詞短語搭配、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞、大小寫等情況也需要考慮,這里就不一一贅述了.
當(dāng)然,“巧婦難為無米之炊”,再高超的解題技巧,沒有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(詞匯知識(shí),語法知識(shí))、正確規(guī)范的書寫,也是難得高分的