分詞的語態(tài)和語態(tài)用法分析
分詞的語態(tài)和語態(tài)用法分析
以下是小編為大家整理的分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)用法總結(jié),希望能幫助大家更好地認(rèn)識這個句型,提高英語水平。
分詞的語態(tài):
1)與主語動詞同時,
Arriving there, they found the boy dead. 剛一到那兒,他們就發(fā)現(xiàn)那男孩死了。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 聽到這一消息,他高興得手舞足蹈。
典型例題
The secretary worked late into the night, ___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing
答案B. 此處沒有連詞,不能選D,否則出現(xiàn)了兩個謂語動詞worked和was preparing。 只能在B,C中選一個。又因前后兩個動作同時發(fā)生,且與主語為主動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。
2)先于主動詞
While walking in the garden,he hurt his leg. 在花園里散步時他傷了腿。
分詞作時間狀語,如果先與主動詞的動作,且強調(diào)先后, 要用having done。
Having finished his homework, he went out.
=As he had finished his homework, he went out.
做完作業(yè)后,他出去了。
典型例題
___ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received
答案C. 本題考查分詞的時態(tài)與分詞的否定式。根據(jù)題意判斷,分詞的動作(接信)發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作(決心再寫信)之前,因此用分詞的完成式。分詞的否定式的構(gòu)成為not +分詞,故選C。該句可理解為:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again.
分詞的時態(tài)用法分析:
1)通常,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動,過去分詞表示被動,例如:
He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…)
他就是給你錢的那個人。
He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…)
他就是那個被車攔住的人。
2)不及物動詞的過去分詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生
gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned
例: a well-read person. 一個讀過許多書的人
a burnt-out match 燒完了的火柴
a much-travelled may 一個去過許多地方的人