英語(yǔ)中副詞的基本用法有哪些(3)
英語(yǔ)中副詞的基本用法有哪些
英語(yǔ)中副詞的基本用法:副詞的位置
英語(yǔ)的詞序是相對(duì)固定的,但是,副詞在句中的位置卻比較自由和靈活。一般來(lái)說(shuō),英語(yǔ)的副詞有三種位置,即前位、中位和后位。
6.3A 前位:副詞的前位是指把副詞放在句首位置。副詞前位的情況有
1) 在故事的開端
Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India.
從前,有六個(gè)瞎子住在印度的一個(gè)村子里。
Many many years ago there lived a king. 很久很久以前,有一個(gè)國(guó)王。
2) 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或進(jìn)行對(duì)比
Quickly he ran towards school and again he was late.
他迅速向?qū)W校跑去,但又遲到了。
3)為了平衡句子
Under the tree over there sat a group of foreigners.
在那邊的樹下坐著一群外國(guó)人。
Usually at the beginning of school, the noise of desks being opened and closed, and lesson repeated at the top of the children's voices could be heard out in the street.
平常,在開始上課時(shí),在街上就可以聽見書桌的開關(guān)聲音和孩子們高聲念書的聲音。
4)在倒裝句中
Away flew the bird. 鳥飛走了。
Seldom did he go to the cinema years ago. 幾年前,他很少去看電影。
Only in this way can we work out the problem.
只有用這種方法,我們才能算出這道題。
(5)在感嘆句和特殊疑問(wèn)句中
How quickly time has gone by! 時(shí)間過(guò)得多快啊!
How well do you understand this lesson? 對(duì)這篇課文你能理解多少?
6.3B 中位:副詞的中位是指把副詞放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前后的位置。副詞中位的情況有
1)位于行為動(dòng)詞前
Hibernating animals hardly make any movement. 冬眠的動(dòng)物幾乎沒有運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Do you always go to work without breakfast? 你經(jīng)常不吃早飯就去上班嗎?
2)位于連系動(dòng)詞和第一助詞后
The guest is still in your office, waiting for you.
客人還在你辦公室里等你呢。
He has often been told to do such a thing. 他經(jīng)常被差遣干這種事。
3)位于非謂語(yǔ)形式前(通常有否定副詞not和never)
The pupil promised never to play truant again. 那個(gè)小學(xué)生保證再也不逃學(xué)了。
I regret not being able to help you. 我遺憾沒能幫助你。
4)在答句中,助動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)用來(lái)替代完全的謂語(yǔ)時(shí),位于助動(dòng)詞前
”Do you believe in him?"--"I never have and I never will.“
“你信任他嗎?”—“我從未信任過(guò)他,我永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)信任他的。”
6.3C 后位:副詞的后位是指把副詞放在句尾位置。副詞后位的情況有
1)位于不及物動(dòng)詞后
The girl reads clearly and correctly. 這個(gè)女孩子念得又清楚又正確。
2)位于及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后
I'll look the word up in the dictionary. 我將在詞典里查這個(gè)詞。
Can you finish the work today? 你們今天能完成這項(xiàng)工作嗎?
注:(1)有時(shí)一個(gè)句子中會(huì)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)副詞或副詞詞組,它們的詞序應(yīng)該是:方式副詞→地點(diǎn)副詞→時(shí)間副詞。如:
They played the game wonderfully here last night.
昨晚他們?cè)谶@兒打得非常精彩。
如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表示方位性的,它們的詞序則是:地點(diǎn)副詞→方式副詞→時(shí)間副詞。如:
He left home hurriedly on a rainy night.
在一個(gè)雨夜里,他匆匆地離開了家。
(2)有時(shí)副詞的位置變了,句子的意思也會(huì)起變化。這要根據(jù)說(shuō)話人的意圖,正確地把握副詞的位置。試比試:
We carefully observed the teacher doing the experiment.
我們仔細(xì)觀察了老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)?;颍何覀冇^察了老師細(xì)心地做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
We observed the teacher carefully doing the experiment.
我們觀察了老師細(xì)心地做實(shí)驗(yàn)。
I'll talk to him gladly. 我將與他高興地談一談。
Gladly I'll talk to his. 很高興,我將與他談一談。
英語(yǔ)中副詞的基本用法:各類副詞在句中的位置
6.3D 各類副詞在句中的位置:除了某些特殊的原因外,一般來(lái)說(shuō),副詞的位置也是相對(duì)固定的,各類副詞也有自己相應(yīng)固定的位置。
1)時(shí)間副詞:時(shí)間副詞通常置于后位,但為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)、對(duì)比、連接等,多數(shù)時(shí)間副詞也可以置于前位。
I will learn my lesson tomorrow. 我明天將學(xué)功課。
Today you saw the greatest man in the world. 今天你見到了世界上最偉大的人。
Finally he took up the grammar book and read us the lesson.
最后,他拿起語(yǔ)法書,給我們上語(yǔ)法課。
2)地點(diǎn)副詞:地點(diǎn)副詞通常置于后位,如遇到時(shí)間副詞,則置于時(shí)間副詞之前,但為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或語(yǔ)法上的需要,可以置于前位。
Don't play in the garden. 別在花園里玩耍。
He went nowhere this morning. 他上午什么地方也沒去。
At the bus stop I met Mr Yang who taught me English in senior school.
在汽車站,我遇見了高中時(shí)教我英語(yǔ)的楊老師。
表示位置關(guān)系的副詞經(jīng)常與及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞詞組,如果動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是名詞,賓語(yǔ)可以放在副詞之前,也可以放在副詞之后;如果動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)是代詞,賓語(yǔ)只能放在副詞之前。
Shall I bring the guests in?
or: Shall I bring in the guests? 要帶客人進(jìn)來(lái)嗎?
He pulled his cap off.
or: He pulled off his cap. 他脫下帽子。
試比較:
Shall I bring them in? (Right)
Shall I bring in them? (Wrong)
He threw it away. (Right)
He threw away it. (wrong)
3)方式副詞:方式副詞通常置于中位,放在它所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后,如果謂語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞,則放在賓語(yǔ)之后。
He spoke slowly to his parents. 他慢吞吞地對(duì)父母說(shuō)話。
The children read their lesson loudly. 孩子們高聲朗讀課文。
在“動(dòng)詞+介詞+賓語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中,方式副詞可以放在介詞之前,也可以放在賓語(yǔ)之后。
They looked sadly at the master. 他們都愁容滿面地望著老師。
Mr. Crossett looked at us curiously. 克羅塞特先生用好奇的目光打量著我們。
4)程度副詞:程度副詞通常置于中位,放在它所修飾的形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)之前。
She was seriously ill. 她病得很重。
He played the violin fairly well. 他小提琴拉得相當(dāng)好。
We'll wholly support you. 我們將全力支持你。
Lincoln was strongly against slavery. 林肯強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)奴隸制度。
副詞enough要放在它所修飾的形容詞、副詞之后。
The room is large enough for us three to live in.
這個(gè)房間供我們?nèi)俗∈亲銐虼蟮牧恕?/p>
He didn't work hard enough. 他工作不夠勤奮。
5)頻度副詞:頻度副詞通常置于中位,放在它所修飾的動(dòng)詞之前,如果謂語(yǔ)部分有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞,則放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或第一助動(dòng)詞之后。
He rarely writes to me. 他很少給我寫信。
You must always keep it in mind. 這一點(diǎn)你要常記在心。
Be careful! You have almost been knocked down. 當(dāng)心!你差點(diǎn)被撞倒。
當(dāng)句中的謂語(yǔ)是連系動(dòng)詞be,頻度副詞應(yīng)放在be之后
He is scarcely in time for meals. 他難得準(zhǔn)時(shí)用餐。
有些頻度副詞的位置很靈活,可以置于前位,中位或后位。 如sometimes, only, regularly, occasionally, repeatedly, once, frequently等。試比較;
Sometimes we speak English at school.
We sometimes speak English at school.
We speak English at school sometimes.
有時(shí)候我們?cè)趯W(xué)校講英語(yǔ)。
有幾個(gè)副詞如perhaps, only等,有時(shí)所放的位置不同,意思也有區(qū)別。試比較:
Only Mr Li met the mayor. 只有李先生遇見市長(zhǎng)。
Mr Li only met the mayor. 李先生只遇見市長(zhǎng)。
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