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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法總結(jié)

時(shí)間: 燕妮639 分享

  下面是小編整理的一些關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法總結(jié),歡迎大家閱讀!

  possibility: can / could, may / might

  certainty: must, will, should

  ability: can / could, be able to

  permission: can / could, may / might

  requests: can / could, will / would

  suggestions: could / may /might, shall

  necessity: must, have to, have got to, need

  advice: ought to, had better

  情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)法特征

  1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加- s (have to, have got to, be able to 除外)。

  2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。

  3. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身具有一定詞義, 但意思不夠完整, 不能單獨(dú)做謂語(yǔ), 后接動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分 (ought to, have to/have got to, be able to除外)。

  4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)非謂語(yǔ)形式,即無(wú)不定式、分詞等形式。

  Sum up

  1. can和be able to

  1) can (could) 表示能力、可能, 只用于現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式

  2) be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。

  只用be able to的情況:

  a. 位于助動(dòng)詞后。

  b. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。

  c. 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。

  d. 用于句首表示條件。

  e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/ were able to,不能用could。

  注意:could還可不表示時(shí)態(tài),只表示

  1) 提出委婉的請(qǐng)求,回答中不可用could。

  --- Could I have the television on?

  --- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

  2) 在否定、疑問(wèn)句中表示推測(cè)或懷疑。

  He couldn’t be a bad man.

  2. may和might

  1) 表示允許或請(qǐng)求;表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè);may 放在句首,表示祝愿。

  e.g. May God bless you!

  He might be at home.

  注: might 表示推測(cè)時(shí),不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。

  2) 成語(yǔ):may/might as well,后面接不帶to 的不定式,意為"不妨"。

  e.g. If that is the case, we may as well try.

  3. have to和must

  1) 兩詞都是“必須”的意思, have to 表示客觀的需要, must 表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的看法, 即主觀上的必要。

  e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

  He said that they must work hard.

  2) have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must可用于

  間接引語(yǔ)中表示過(guò)去的必要或義務(wù)。

  e.g. He had to look after his sister yesterday.

  3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中:don’t have to 表示“不必”; mustn’t表示”禁止”。

  e.g. You don’t have to tell him about it. 你不必把這事告訴他。

  You mustn’t tell him about it.  你不能把這事告訴他。

  4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must表示推測(cè)

  1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測(cè),意為“一定”。

  2) must表對(duì)現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí), 后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)。

  e.g. You have worked hard all day.

  You must be tired.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的推測(cè)判斷)

  He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。

  比較: He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那兒。 表推測(cè)

  He must stay there. 他必須呆在那兒。不表推測(cè)

  3) must 表示對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)時(shí), 要接完成時(shí)。

  e.g. I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.

  4) must表示對(duì)過(guò)去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè), 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

  e.g. ---Why didn’t you answer my phone call?

  ---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn’t hear it.

  5) 否定推測(cè)用can’t.

  e.g. If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock, he can’t be home yet.

  5.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法

  can, could, may, might, must 皆可表

  示推測(cè),其用法如下:

  1) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的推測(cè),此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。

  e.g. I don’t know where she is. She may be in Wuhan.

  2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)正在進(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測(cè)。

  e.g. At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.

  3) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí), 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。

  e.g. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.

  4) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的完成進(jìn)行時(shí), 表示對(duì)過(guò)去正在發(fā)生事情的推測(cè)。

  e.g. Your mother must have been looking for you.

  5) 推測(cè)的否定形式,疑問(wèn)形式用can’t, couldn’t表示。

  e.g. Mike can’t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.

  注: could, might表示推測(cè)時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài),其推測(cè)的肯定程度不如can, may。

  6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞

  1) may (might) have + done sth., can (could) have + done sth. 表示過(guò)去,推測(cè)過(guò)去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。

  e.g. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

  Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法總結(jié)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法總結(jié) possibility: can / could, may / might certainty: must, will, should ability: can / could, be able to permission: can / could, may / might requests: can / could, will / would suggestions: could / may /
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