previous與before的區(qū)別
before的意思是在…之前; 先于,優(yōu)于; 當(dāng)著…的面;previous意思是以前的; 先前的; 過(guò)早的; (時(shí)間上) 稍前的;previous與before的區(qū)別有哪些呢?本文是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理previous與before的區(qū)別的資料,僅供參考。
previous與before的區(qū)別
before 作 介詞,連詞,或者副詞。
介詞:可在后加一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或者短語(yǔ)。 如 before 6 o'clock.
連詞:連接句子。she had finished homework before we went shopping.
副詞:作為狀語(yǔ)。I’ve never been there before.
不能做定語(yǔ)
previous 形容詞 作定語(yǔ)的。。修飾名詞。a previous suggestion 一個(gè)預(yù)先的跡象
不能用作連詞引導(dǎo)句子
before作副詞時(shí)同previously。但是before偏重于 之前 先前的意思。previously偏向預(yù)先的意思。
before的用法
1 作介詞
A.指時(shí)間.在……以前. e.g. It began to rain before midnight .
B. 指位置.在……面前. e.g. They knelt before the king .
C. 指順序或排列在前面. e.g. You name comes before mine on the list .
2 作連詞
A.在……之前. e.g. Did she leave a message before she went ?
B.用于It + be +時(shí)間段 + before :在……之后才…… e.g. It willl be five years before I come back .
3 常于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can / could 連用 : 還沒(méi)來(lái)得及……就…… e.g. Before I could say a word , she had rushed out of the room
掌握before熱點(diǎn)用法
1. prep. 在......以前,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間
He came to see me the day before yesterday. 他前天來(lái)看我了。
2. prep. 在......前面,當(dāng)著......的面,向......,強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn) She has to appear before the court. 她必須出庭受審。
3. prep. 在......之前,先于,強(qiáng)調(diào)次序
Those with babies can get on the bus before others. 帶小孩的人可以先上汽車(chē)。
4. prep. 與其......(寧愿)
I'd shoot myself before I apologized to him! 我寧死也不向他道歉!
5. adv. 以前,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間
We've seen that film before. 我們以前看過(guò)那場(chǎng)電影。
6. adv. 在前面,向前,強(qiáng)調(diào)位置
Don't run before and after. 別跑前跑后。
7. conj. 在......前,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間
before的含義比較靈活,實(shí)際翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)結(jié)合具體情況機(jī)動(dòng)處理。
1. 趁......
You should do it before it is too late. 趁現(xiàn)在還不算太晚,你應(yīng)該趕快做它。
2. 尚未來(lái)得及
Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及動(dòng)彈,就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有很響的聲音,接著就成了可怕的隆隆轟鳴聲。
Before they reached the house, a new great wave came,sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他們還沒(méi)到屋子,又一個(gè)巨浪打來(lái),沖倒了樹(shù),也沖倒了他們。
3. 要......先......
You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要當(dāng)老師,先作學(xué)生。
二、掌握熱點(diǎn)句型用法
It was not long before...(過(guò)去)沒(méi)過(guò)多久就......
It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。
需要特別注意,該句型可以進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新,可將否定句改為肯定句(It was long before...過(guò)了很久才......)或?qū)⒁话氵^(guò)去時(shí)改為一般將來(lái)時(shí)(It will not be long before...要不了多久就......;It will be long before...要過(guò)很久才......)。before在這些句型中均引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句, long這個(gè)抽象的時(shí)間也可改為years, weeks, days等具體表時(shí)間的詞。
It was long before he married Wei Fang. 過(guò)了很久他才娶魏芳。 It will be long before he goes abroad. 要過(guò)很久他才出國(guó)。 Will it be years before he goes to school? 要過(guò)好幾年他才能上學(xué)嗎?
高考題例:
It ________ long before we ________ the result of the experiment.
A. will not be...will know B. is...will know C. will not be...know D. is...know
【析】正確答案為C。該句面意思為:在我們知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果之前不會(huì)過(guò)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間,也就是不會(huì)過(guò)很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間我們就會(huì)知道實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。應(yīng)使用It was not long before的創(chuàng)新句型It will not be long before,before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
Scientists say it may be five or six years ________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.
A. since B. after C. before D. when
【析】正確答案為C。該句型也是It was not long before的創(chuàng)新句型。
when與befor的區(qū)別
本文結(jié)合典型例題來(lái)歸納一下before的特殊用法。
before作為連詞時(shí)的基本意義是“在……之前”,用于表示時(shí)間或順序。如:Turn the light off before you sleep. (睡前先把燈熄掉。) Think before you speak. (說(shuō)話之前,應(yīng)先想清楚。) 但在不同的語(yǔ)境中before有不同的意義:
1. before表示“不等……就……”、“尚未……就……” 例1: —Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? (2006年四川)
—He rushed out of the room I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
解析: 答案為A。題中before意為“不等……就”、“尚未……就……”,它表示從句的動(dòng)作尚未來(lái)得及發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生或完成。全句句意為:我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)他就沖出了房間。又如:
Before I could get in a word, he had measured me. 我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及插上話,他就給我量好了尺寸。
The phone stopped ringing before I answered it. 我還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及接,電話就掛了。
2. before表示“不知不覺(jué),還沒(méi)弄清就……”(常用于before sb. know/realize…)
例2: Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing. (2004全國(guó))
A. as B. before C. since D. when
解析: 此題最易錯(cuò)選C或D項(xiàng),而正確答案為B。用since則時(shí)間延續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在,在時(shí)間上與had gone矛盾;用when則無(wú)法強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間流逝的不知不覺(jué)性。又如:
Time passed quickly and three months went by before I knew it. 時(shí)間飛快地流逝,不知不覺(jué)3個(gè)月過(guò)去了。
3. before表示“以免,不然”
例3: It’s cloudy. Take an umbrella you regret it.
A. but B. and C. after D. before 解析: and及but表示并列關(guān)系,不合語(yǔ)境;after意為“在……之后”,不合常識(shí),應(yīng)是在下雨前帶傘;before在此處意為“以免你后悔”。before作此意義的用法的例子不少,又如: Put that away before it gets broken. 把它收好,以免砸了。
Do it before you forget. 盡早動(dòng)手,不然忘了。
4. before用于it was / will be + 時(shí)間 + before ... 句型中。
例4: It won’t be long you regret what you have done.
A. after B. before C. since D. until
解析: It was / will be + 時(shí)間 + before ... 表示“過(guò)了多久才…(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的長(zhǎng))”,在否定句中則表示“沒(méi)過(guò)多久就…(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的短)”。例如:
It will be two years before we meet again.我們要過(guò)兩年才能見(jiàn)面。
It wasn’t long before he married again. 不久他就又結(jié)婚了。
We didn’t wait long before he came back. 我們沒(méi)等多久他就回來(lái)了。
5. before表示“與其……寧可……,比……優(yōu)先”(用于表優(yōu)先順序)
例5: They would fight to death they surrendered(投降).
A. before B. after C. since D. because
解析: 答案為A。before引導(dǎo)的從句在與will, would連用時(shí),有“寧愿……也不”的含義。before即使是作介詞用也有此意義。例如:
True men choose death before dishonor. 大丈夫?qū)幙蓺⒉豢扇琛?/p>
I’d die before I apologize to them! 我寧死也不愿向他們道歉!
We will die before we give in. 我們寧死不屈。
6. before表示“……才”(強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生得晚或慢)
例6: They sailed along the Pacific Ocean for two weeks they arrived home.
A. since B. when C. before D. after
解析: 此題正確答案為C。全句句意為:“他們?cè)谔窖蠛叫辛藘蓚€(gè)星期才回到家。”強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作比主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生晚。又如:
I thought carefully about it before I made a decision. 我經(jīng)過(guò)再三考慮才決定。
It may be many years before the situation improves.
before用法歸納
1. before作為連詞時(shí)的基本意義是“在„„之前”,用于表示時(shí)間或順序。
You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. (2009上海,32) A. before B. if C. while D. as
【解析】選A??疾檫B詞,該句的意思是:在你得到你的學(xué)生卡之前你不能從學(xué)校圖書(shū)館借書(shū)。before表示先后順序。
2. 表示“過(guò)了多久才„„”,說(shuō)明主句的持續(xù)時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng)而從句的動(dòng)作緩緩來(lái)遲。
(1) The American Civil War lasted four years _______ the North won in the end. (2005廣東,30)
A. after B. before C. when D. then
【解析】選B。本題考查連詞before表示“在多久之后才„„”的用法,根據(jù)本句含義“美國(guó)南北戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了四年,北方才最終取得勝利”,可知本題應(yīng)選B。
(2) Several weeks had gone by 寧夏,39)
A. as B. before C. since D. when
【解析】選B。before表示“過(guò)多久才„„”。句意:幾個(gè)星期已經(jīng)過(guò)去了,我才意識(shí)到油畫(huà)丟了。內(nèi)含的意思是油畫(huà)丟了好幾個(gè)星期了,我才意識(shí)到。
3. 表示從句動(dòng)作還沒(méi)來(lái)得及發(fā)生或完成,主句動(dòng)作就已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了,意為“尚未„„就”,“沒(méi)來(lái)得及„„就”,常用于before sb. can/ could…。
—Why didn’t you tell him about the meeting? ( 2006四川,35)
— He rushed out of the room _________ I could say a word.
A. before B. until C. when D. after
【解析】選A。本題考查連詞before表示“還沒(méi)來(lái)得及„„就„„”的用法。句意為:我還沒(méi)來(lái)得及說(shuō)一句話,他就沖出了房間。
4. 表示“以免,以防,趁„„還沒(méi)有„„”,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的必要性,以避免或防止從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生。
He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _____ it got worse.(2003北京)
A. until B. when C. before D. as
【解析】選C。由made a mistake和轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知本題句意是“他犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,但在事情進(jìn)一步惡化之前他改變了形勢(shì)。”故答案正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
5. 用于 “It will be/would be+一段時(shí)間+before…”句型中,表示“還要過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才„„”;用于“It was+一段時(shí)間+before…”句型中,表示“過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才„„”,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的“長(zhǎng)”。
(1) I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long, but it’ll still be some time ____ Brian get back. (2008北京,34)
A. before B. since C. till D. after
【解析】選A。句意:很抱歉你一直在這兒等了很久了,但是還得過(guò)一段時(shí)間Brian才能回來(lái)。It will be +一段時(shí)間+before從句表示“還要過(guò)多久才„„”,符合句意。
(2)The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _____ we meet them again. (2007安徽,21)
A. after B. before C. since D. when
【解析】選B。句意:這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的研究要花掉Joan和Paul大約五個(gè)月的時(shí)間;我們要過(guò)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能再見(jiàn)面。before與一段時(shí)間連用且用于肯定句中表示“要過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才„„”,故選B。 work. (2007江西,29)
A .when B. before C. since D. that
【解析】選B。句意:他被告知他至少還需要三個(gè)多月才能康復(fù)上班。before用于“It would be+一段時(shí)間+before…”句型中表示“要多多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才„„”。
(4) It was some time ___________we realized the truth. (2005山東)
A. when B. until C. since D. before
【解析】選D。before用于句型“it was +時(shí)間段+ before …”中表示 “過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才„„”。題意為:過(guò)了一段時(shí) 間我們才意識(shí)到事情的真相。故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。
6. 用于句型“It won’t be/was not+一段時(shí)間+before…”中,意為“不久就„„”,“沒(méi)過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就„„”,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的“短”。
John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. (2010陜西,20)
A. when B. after D. since
【解析】選C。句意為:約翰認(rèn)為,用不了多久他就會(huì)為他的新工作做好準(zhǔn)備。It won’t be long before...意思是“用不了多久就會(huì)„„”,符合句意,因此C為正確答案。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“當(dāng)„„的時(shí)候”或“這時(shí)”;after表示“„„以后”;since表示“自從„„”,后接一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間或過(guò)去的某件事,均不符合題意。
7. when和hardly連用,表示“剛一„„就„„”。該結(jié)構(gòu)主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí),當(dāng)hardly位于句首時(shí),要用倒裝語(yǔ)序。
The girl had hardly rung the bell ______ the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. (2010福建,26)
A. before B. until C. as D. since
【解析】選A。句意:那個(gè)女孩剛一按門(mén)鈴,門(mén)就開(kāi)了,她的朋友沖出來(lái)迎接她。before和hardly連用,表示“剛一„„就„„”,與語(yǔ)境相符。until“直到”;as“當(dāng)„„的時(shí)候”;since“自從„„以來(lái)”,均與語(yǔ)境不符。
8. before句型和其它相似句型的區(qū)別
有時(shí)候before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句與since,when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中較相似,容易混淆。
(1) “It be +時(shí)間段 + since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”表示“自從„„已經(jīng)有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了”。主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
(2005北京,春招)
A. before B. since C. after D. when
【解析】選B??疾閟ince的用法。句意為:自從我們最后一次見(jiàn)面已經(jīng)幾乎五年了。It is/ has been +一段時(shí)間+since從句意為“自從„„已經(jīng)(多久)了”,since從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
(2) “It be +時(shí)間點(diǎn) +when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句”表示“某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)是某個(gè)時(shí)間”。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是一般過(guò)去時(shí),也可以是一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
(2010四川,20)
A. since B. that C. when D. until
【解析】選C。句意:因?yàn)榻煌ㄗ枞?,?dāng)她到達(dá)辦公室時(shí)已經(jīng)是午休的時(shí)間了。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“當(dāng)„„的時(shí)候”,符合句意,為正確答案。
9. before long和long before的區(qū)別
(1) before long意為“不久,很快”(其中before是介詞,long是名詞),常在句中作狀語(yǔ),多與動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)連用。例如:
·Before long, the news sped to every part of the world. 不久以后,這個(gè)消息遍布到了世界上的每一個(gè)地方。
·I am so excited that I will enter a new school before long. 不久我就要進(jìn)入一所新的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí),我感到非常興奮。
(2)long before有兩個(gè)用法:一為“老早,早就(單獨(dú)使用,表示比過(guò)去某時(shí)早得多的時(shí)間)”。二表示“在„„的很久以前,在還沒(méi)有„„的很久以前”。如:
·She had left long before his return/he returned 在他回來(lái)的很久以前她就走了。
·He had worked in the factory long before he got married. 在他還沒(méi)有結(jié)婚的很久以前他就在這家工廠工作了。
注:此時(shí)的主句謂語(yǔ)通常用過(guò)去完成時(shí),但有時(shí)也可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(因?yàn)?before 已體現(xiàn)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系)。如:
·This happened long before you were born. 這事在你還沒(méi)出生以前很久就發(fā)生了。
趁熱打鐵: 1. ——Tommy, your mum has been out without glasses !
——Well, take it easy. she comes back home for them.
A. It is long before that B. It won’t be long since
C. It won’t be long before D. It will be long before
【解析】選C??疾楣潭ň湫?。It won’t be +時(shí)間段+before表示“過(guò)不了多久就會(huì)„„”;It will be +時(shí)間段+before表示“要過(guò)多久才„„”;由take it easy可知后句意為“過(guò)不了多久她就會(huì)回來(lái)”,故選C。
2. How long do you think the computer company brings out a new product ?
A. it will be before B. will it be until
C. will it be when D. it will be that
【解析】選A。復(fù)合疑問(wèn)句中的do you think后的句子為陳述語(yǔ)序,排除B、C。It will be…before…表示“要過(guò)多久才„„”。句意為:你認(rèn)為這家電腦公司要過(guò)多久才能出新產(chǎn)品?
3. ——Have you any information about Julia? ——Pity! It’s a long timeA. before B. since C. until D. when
【解析】選B。自從我最后一次見(jiàn)她到現(xiàn)在已很久了。由句意以及主從句時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系可知用since。
4. It' s quite a time __________ Yao Ming got injured, but it won' t be long
to the court.
A. since; before B. after; when C. before; since D. that; when
【解析】選A??疾閟ince和before的用法。句意為:自從姚明受傷已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間了,但是要不了多久他就會(huì)回 歸球場(chǎng)的。It is +一段時(shí)間+since從句意為“„„已經(jīng)(多久)了”;It won’t be long before +從句意為“過(guò)不了(多久)就將„„”。 he returns
5. It may take a while _____ you find a hobby that truly interests yourself, so don’t give up.
A. that B. before C. unless D. since
【解析】選B。句意:要經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間,你才能找到使你感興趣的愛(ài)好。It be +段時(shí)間+before 意為“要過(guò)多久才„„”。
6. How long do you suppose it is ______he arrived there?
A. when B. before C. after D. since.
【解析】選D. 你認(rèn)為他到這有多久了?since “自從”,由它引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句,主句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
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