英語中have been的用法
英語中have been的用法
have been 是現(xiàn)在完成時have been 是動詞be的現(xiàn)在完成時行式，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，使用has been的形式。英語中have been 的用法有哪些呢?本文是學(xué)習(xí)啦小編整理英語中have been 的用法的資料，僅供參考。
英語中have been 的用法
現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系.動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;
也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).其構(gòu)成：have(has)+過去分詞.現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語.現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always等現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.
過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,get married等舉例：I saw this film yesterday.
(強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了.) I have seen this film.(強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了.) She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了.She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了.He has been in the League for three years.
(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago.(三年前入團(tuán),joined 為短暫行為.) I have finished my homework now.---Will somebody go and get Dr.While?---He's already been sent for.
句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday,last,week,in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時.(錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
have been的用法
一、have been與表示職業(yè)的名詞連用，用來詢問或說明某人所從事的職業(yè)。例如：
Have you ever been a teacher ?你曾經(jīng)當(dāng)過教師嗎? I've been a doctor before .以前我曾經(jīng)是一位醫(yī)生。
這種表達(dá)與how long, for或since等表示時間的短語連用后，則表示此種狀態(tài)的持續(xù)時間。例如：
How long have you been a player ?你當(dāng)運(yùn)動員有多久了?
I've been a worker for twelve years. 我當(dāng)工人十二年了。 I've been a soldier since two years ago. 自從兩年前我就當(dāng)了戰(zhàn)士。
二、have been后接形容詞，表示某種行為或狀態(tài)。此時和表示時間的短語how long, for或since等連用時，則表示這種狀態(tài)持續(xù)的時間。例如：
The shop has been open .這家商店?duì)I業(yè)了。
How long has this factory been open ?這家工廠開工多久了?
The factory has been open for several years. 這家工廠開工好幾年了。
The baby has been asleep since his mother left. 自從他媽媽走后，這小孩就睡著了。
I have so tired these days. 這些天我很累。
這種方式也用來表示天氣等：
It has been hot since last week. 自從上周以來，天氣一直很熱。
某些動詞的分詞用作形容詞時，也可以使用這種句式表達(dá)。例如：
Jim's purse has been missing (for a week). 吉姆的錢包丟了(一周了)。
The train has been gone (for half an hour). 火車開走了(半小時了)。
三、have been 可以和表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語連用，依據(jù)介詞的不同和語境的不同，可以表示相當(dāng)于漢語中的“去過”、“來”、“到”、“在”等不同動詞的意思。和how long , for ,since等表示時間的短語連用后，表示這種狀態(tài)的持續(xù)時間。
例如： Have you been to Beijing ?你去過北京嗎?(不在北京問) Has Jim been to China? 吉姆來過中國嗎?(在中國問)/ 吉姆去過中國嗎?(在中國以外的地方問)
How long have you been at the school? 你在/到/來這所學(xué)校多久了?
They have been in China for more than two years. 他們來中國兩年多了。
have been與表示地點(diǎn)的副詞here 或there等連用時，與上述意思相同：
I have been here for two hours. 我來這兒兩個小時了。 He has been there for three years. 他在那兒已經(jīng)三年了。 Where have you been (to)? 你剛才去哪里了?
四、have been可以與away, back, in, on, out, over等小品詞連用，相當(dāng)于一個表示動作動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時的用法，表示某種狀態(tài)。當(dāng)這種狀態(tài)與for等表示段時間的短語連用時，表示這個狀態(tài)的延續(xù)時間。例如：
Tom has been away (for a week). = Tom has left (for a week). 湯姆離開(一周)了。
The film has been on (for half an hour). = The film has begun (for half an hour). 電影開演(半小時)了。
He has been out (for two days). = He has left his home (for two days). 他不在家(兩天)了。
The train has been in (for two hours). = The train has arrived (for two hours). 火車到達(dá)(兩小時)了。
He has been back (for a week). = He has come back (for a week). 他回來一周了。
[請注意上述例子中的后一種說法。我們一直在教學(xué)生不能說 I've come for an hour.之類的句子，讓學(xué)生記住所謂的“瞬間動詞”不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用，然而，這種觀點(diǎn)是違背英語使用原則的。詳情請見2003年第三期《中學(xué)外語教與學(xué)》或《中學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)與輔導(dǎo)誤區(qū)100例》(金盾出版社2005年2月出版)]
五、have been后接動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，為現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，強(qiáng)調(diào)從過去某一時間到現(xiàn)在為止的一段時間內(nèi)一直進(jìn)行或反復(fù)多次發(fā)生的動作，這個動作到說話時是否停止，視上下文或當(dāng)時語言環(huán)境而定。例如：
He has been working in that factory for five years.
他在這工廠工作五年了。(現(xiàn)在是否仍在該工廠工作，視上下文而定。)
I have been surfing every day. 每天我都要沖浪。
六、have been +及物動詞的過去分詞，為現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)的形式，表示一個已完成的被動動作。例如：
The moon has been visited by human being already. 月亮已經(jīng)被人類訪問過了。
Man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 人造衛(wèi)星已經(jīng)被很多國家發(fā)射到了太空。
have在中學(xué)英語里的用法
一.Have基本用法和與其他詞連用
1， 起佛定和疑問形式變化，在美國通用助動詞do.在美國口語中常用have got
代替have.
2， Look,can’t you see I’ve got teeth ,too, I haven’t any jewelry.
2, have 和一些其他名詞連用，
表示;
(1) 一種活動
We have no classes on Sunday .(上課)
They’re gong to have a volleyball match .(舉行活動)
Are we going to have a meeting this week? (開會 )
We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(聽報(bào)告 )
(2)表示患病
I have got a headache.
I have a bad cold.
(3) 發(fā)生情況。
I’ve got so many falls that I’m black and blue all over。(跌跤)
(4)表示生育。
The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in onesummer.
3和一與動詞同形的名詞連用，表示一個動詞(have+a+由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化和名詞)
Are you going to have a swim.
I have a long talk with the teacher.
4,have on sth 或 have sth on, 表示“戴著”
I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.
At the ball Mathild had a diamond necklace on.
5,表示“吃”，“喝”。
I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.
Does she have lunch at home ?
6,組成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)既”have +賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語(have sb do sth),表示讓，叫某人做某事。
The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. (注)：否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示“不能讓“活從未有人”
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語(have sb sth doing),表示讓某人做某事。 „the two men had their lights buring all night long„„.
(3) 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語(have sb sth done),
表示：
(1) 使(讓，請)別人做某事，表示的動作是別人做的.
Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joinde up.
he should have news clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.
(2) 遭遇到某事。
House near airports sometimes have their windows broken.
Workers in some industries have hearing by the noise of the machine 二.Have與 to 一起構(gòu)成情態(tài)動詞，表示“不得不”“必須”，可用于各種時態(tài)。
I have to look after her at home.
三，have 做助動詞與動詞的過去分詞一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時。 Great changes have taken place the last two years.
They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.
四.have 用于“情態(tài)動詞+have +過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)有推測，假設(shè)之意 1, must +have+過去分詞，表示對過去時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的情況的推測，一般用于肯定句。
Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.
You must have left your bag in the theatre.
2,can (could)+have+過去分詞，表示對過去發(fā)生事情的“不肯定”，常用于否定句和疑問句。
He can’t have been to your home, he doesn’t know your address. 3,should+have+過去分詞，表示“某事本該早做而實(shí)際未做，”用于肯定句。 You should have been here five minutes ago.
五，have 用于某些成語，表示固定的意思。
1， have a word (a few words ) with sb,表示和某人説(幾)句話。
Where’s Peter ? I want to have a word with him.
2, had better +不帶 to 的動詞不定式，表示“„最好„”
I’d better go and look for him now.
3, have nothing (something) to do with 表示“和„無(有)“關(guān)系。 Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison’s lesson.
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