英語語法是英語知識(shí)中十分重要的環(huán)節(jié)，希望以下文章對(duì)您有所幫助!

　　英語語法一

　　專有名詞是指某個(gè)人、某種物、某件事、某個(gè)地點(diǎn)所專屬的名稱，如具人、地、物、地點(diǎn)、機(jī)構(gòu)、節(jié)日、月份、國(guó)家或地區(qū)等的名稱。專有名詞首字母大寫，通常情況在句子中前面沒有限定詞。比如My name is James.這里James是我的名字，是一個(gè)專有名詞。但也有例外，如the People's Republic of China (中國(guó))前面就有定冠詞the，專有名詞一般都是單數(shù)形式。更多關(guān)于專有名詞的解釋詳見專有名詞解釋。

　　本文將主要介紹專有名詞中的人名相關(guān)知識(shí)，如前面例句中James就是人名。先來看一段小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的英文片斷：

　　Three days before her birthday party,Sally writes down the names of her friends.They are all coming to her party.

　　Jill

　　Kim

　　David

　　Lisa

　　Tom

　　Mat

　　Wendy

　　For a person's name,you use a special type of noun.It is called a proper noun.

　　如果有一定英語基礎(chǔ)這一段英文應(yīng)該能看懂其意思，沒有英文基礎(chǔ)的朋友用翻譯軟件翻譯一下。片段中的Sally,Jill,Kim,David,Lisa,Tom,Mat,Wendy都是英文名，在文中人名第一個(gè)字母要大寫，指的是已知的特定某人，前面沒有定冠詞。

　　但是在某些時(shí)候人名前會(huì)有不定冠詞或定冠詞，這時(shí)專有名詞就變成了普通名詞。

　　1、人名是專有名詞通常前面不用冠詞。

　　a.表示人名的專有名詞，包括那些前面帶有尊稱或頭銜的專用名詞，前面一般不用冠詞。如：

　　John is from London. 約翰是倫敦人。

　　Mr.Collins was excellent in his perfromance. 柯林斯先生的表演很精彩。

　　Professor Stamp was born in 1898,and educated at King's College,London. 斯坦普教授生于1898年,在倫敦皇家學(xué)院受的教育。

　　b.藝術(shù)家的名字前如用不用冠詞，可以指其人的全部作品。如：

　　Bach gives me a lot of pleasure. 巴赫(的音樂作品)給了我很大享受。

　　He likes Keats.他喜歡濟(jì)慈的詩歌。

　　2、姓氏(姓名)前用不定冠詞a/an的用法：

　　a.加在姓氏前表示“某個(gè)叫...的人;某位姓...的人”(說話人只知道姓氏，不知道名字或者說話人內(nèi)心有所指，但又不十分明確，或說話人有意隱瞞)。如：

　　A Miss Johnson called you yesterday. 有一位約翰遜小姐昨天打電話給你。

　　There wasn't a single Jones in the village. 村子里連一個(gè)叫瓊斯的人也沒有。

　　A Tom Smith is waiting for you downstairs. 一個(gè)叫湯姆.史密斯的人正在樓下等你。

　　b.借喻，表示“和...相似的人”。如：

　　He is a Lei Feng of today.他是當(dāng)代的雷鋒。

　　We need a Washington today.今天我們需要華盛頓那樣的人物。

　　He wants to be an Einstein in the future. 他想將來成為愛因斯坦式的人物。

　　c.加在作家、畫家等姓名前表示“一件...的作品;一幅...的畫像(或雕塑等)”。如：

　　There's a Rembrandt in her collection. 他收藏品中有一幅倫勃朗的畫。

　　I have read a new Wells recently. 最近我讀了威爾斯的一部新作。

　　Have you got a complete Shakespeare(=a set of Shakespeare's complete works)?你手頭有莎士比亞全集嗎?

　　Experts think the painting may be a Picasso. 專家們認(rèn)為這幅畫可能出自畢加索的手筆。

　　d.加在姓氏前，表示“某家族(或家庭)”中的一個(gè)成員。如：

　　Is that a Wilson over there?那邊那個(gè)人是威爾遜家的人碼?

　　His wife is a Stuart(=a member of Stuart family).他的妻子是斯圖亞特家的人。

　　e.加在姓氏前表示“某人的發(fā)明或設(shè)計(jì)”。如：

　　He bought a Underwood last year. 去年他買了一臺(tái)安伍德牌打印機(jī)。

　　f.人名前還可以加“a(n)+adj.”表示特別的意思。如：

　　We were met at the door by a smiling Mary,not by an angry Mary.在門口迎接我們的是微笑的瑪麗，而不是生氣的瑪麗。

　　A sad-faced Charles came in the meeting room. 滿臉愁容的查爾斯走進(jìn)會(huì)議室。

　　3、定冠詞the+人名的用法

　　a、通常情況下，已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)化為類名詞的人名大都能與the連用。如：

　　Lu Xun was the Gorky of China. 魯迅是中國(guó)的高爾基。

　　Guan Hanqing is considered to be the Shakespeare of China.關(guān)漢卿被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)的莎士比亞。

　　b、“the+adj.+人名”可以強(qiáng)調(diào)某人暫時(shí)的特征或狀態(tài)。人名前面或后面加定語把某人與其它同名的人區(qū)別開來時(shí)也要用the.如：

　　The frightened Jack returned home for two guns.驚恐萬分的杰克回家取了兩支。

　　The William I know was a hunter. 我認(rèn)識(shí)的威廉是個(gè)獵人。

　　c、“the+復(fù)數(shù)姓氏”可以表示某姓的一家人或夫妻倆、兄弟倆、姐妹倆等。如：

　　The Bakers will leave for New York tomrrow. 貝克一家人明天要去紐約。

　　It took the Loisels ten years to pay off their debts. 盧瓦澤爾夫婦用了十年才還清了債務(wù)。

　　d.表示所指之人是聽、說雙方都作同一理解的那個(gè)知名人士時(shí)該人名前要用the.如：

　　--She is a distant relative of Henry Ford.她是亨利.福特的一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)房親戚。

　　--Is she,indeed?The Henry Ford?真的嗎?你是指那個(gè)有名的亨利.福特?

　　--Yes,the Henry Ford.是的，就是那個(gè)眾所周知的亨利.福特。

　　英語語法二

　　population 英 [ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn] 美 [ˌpɑ:pjuˈleɪʃn]

　　population的基本意思是“人口”，是個(gè)集合名詞。(集合名詞有些只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，<如people，例句：People are not interested in such things.人們對(duì)那樣的事不感興趣。這里People是復(fù)數(shù)，所以用謂語用are>;有些只表示單數(shù)意義，<如furniture(家具),例句：Some furniture is made of bamboo. 有些家具是竹制的。這里furniture是單數(shù)，所以謂語用is>;有些集合名詞根據(jù)情況來確是是單數(shù)意義還是復(fù)數(shù)意義，<如family,例句：His family isn’t very large. 他家成員不多。His family are music lovers. 他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。>)。population在不同用法中可以是單數(shù)意義也可能是復(fù)數(shù)意義。

　　下面詳細(xì)談一下population的用法

　　1、population常與定冠詞the連用,作主語用時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。例如:

　　The world's population is increasing faster and faster.

　　全世界的人口增長(zhǎng)得越來越快。

　　At the beginning of the twentieth century, the world's population was about 1,700 million.

　　在二十世紀(jì)初,全世界的人口大約是十七億。

　　2、當(dāng)主語是表示"人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾"時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

　　About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers.

　　中國(guó)大約有百分之七十的人口是農(nóng)民。

　　3、有時(shí)population可用作可數(shù)名詞,其前可用不定冠詞。例如:

　　China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.)

　　中國(guó)大約有十三億人口。

　　New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million.

　　紐約是一個(gè)有一千多萬人口的大城市。

　　在表示多個(gè)地區(qū)的人口時(shí),population要用復(fù)數(shù)形式populations。例如:

　　Many parts of the world, which once had large populations and produced plenty of crops, have become deserts.

　　世界上很多地區(qū)一度人口眾多,種植大量的農(nóng)作物;現(xiàn)在,這些地區(qū)已經(jīng)變成了沙漠。

　　4、表示人口的"多"或"少",不用"much"或"little",而要用"large"或"small"。例如:

　　India has a large population. 印度人口眾多。

　　Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。

　　5、詢問某國(guó)、某地有多少人口時(shí),不用"How much...?",而用"How large...?";在問具體人口時(shí)用"What...?"。例如:

　　How large is the population of your hometown? 你們家鄉(xiāng)有多少人口?

　　The population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours.

　　我們家鄉(xiāng)的人口是你們家鄉(xiāng)人口的將近兩倍。

　　What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少?

　　The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大約有二千九百萬。

　　6、population還表示"某地、某類的動(dòng)、植物或物品的總數(shù)"。例如:

　　In India, however, the population of tigers has increased, from 2,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in .

　　然而在印度,老虎的總數(shù)已從1972年的2,000只增長(zhǎng)到了年的大約5,000只。

　　英語語法三

　　一、如果主語是不可數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)名詞,不定式或從句的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

　　Smoking is not a good habit.

　　To live happily needs a lot of things.

　　What I said is true.

　　二、如果由and連接的兩個(gè)做主語的單數(shù)名詞指的是同一個(gè)人或物的時(shí)候,用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞.

　　The singer and songwriter is dead.

　　The science and technology plays an important part in China.

　　Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.

　　“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.

　　如果由and連接的兩個(gè)或更多的主語之前有each, every, many a/an, no的時(shí)候用單數(shù)名詞.

　　Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.

　　Each minute and second is valuable to us.

　　三、主語是單數(shù), 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的時(shí)候, 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

　　Jack with his family wants to go to China.

　　He, as well as you, is very honest.

　　No one but I is a student.

　　Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.

　　The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.

　　四、由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主語的時(shí)候,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).

　　Each of you is cleverer than me.

　　Neither student has passed the exam.

　　Is anybody here?

　　五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主語的時(shí)候,

　　永遠(yuǎn)用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.

　　Several friends were invited to the party.

　　Both books are sold out.

　　六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修飾單數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù); 若是修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,就用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞.

　　Most of the apple is bad.

　　Most of the apples are bad.

　　None of this money is yours.

　　None of the people here are teachers.

　　七、 由or連接的兩個(gè)以上主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞和最接近的主語一致.

　　You or he is wrong.

　　Are you or he wrong?

　　由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also連接的兩個(gè)以上主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞和最近的主語一致.

　　Either he or you have to tell the truth.

　　Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.

　　Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.

　　八、若主語的復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示的是”一段時(shí)間”, “一筆錢”, “一段距離”, “一個(gè)數(shù)量”, “一個(gè)面積”的時(shí)候用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞.

　　Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.

　　Five thousand dollars is too much.

　　Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.

　　九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞. 有一些集體名詞,如果表示的是整體就用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞, 如果表示的是其中的個(gè)體就用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞.這樣的詞常見的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.

　　His family are all singers.

　　His family is very large.

　　十、關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與先行詞一致。

　　Those who want to go please sign their names here.

　　十一、一些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等， 作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　The scales 天平 are mine.

　　但是成雙的東西前面有a pair of 要用單數(shù)。

　　This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.

　　十二、如果主語由“a kind of ( a series of ) 構(gòu)成， 謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。

　　This kind of men is dangerous.

　　如果是多種，謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。

　　There are many kinds of apples.

　　十三、算術(shù)式通常用單數(shù)。

　　十四、ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。

　　十五、書名，劇名，報(bào)紙名，國(guó)名的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　The united states is a capitalist country.

　　“ The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.

　　十六、“the+形容詞(分詞)“ 指人謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。指抽象謂語動(dòng)詞

　　用單數(shù)。

　　The English speak English.

　　The new always beats the old.

　　十七、who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none,

　　half, the rest, the remainder 等作主語要看各自的情況。

　　十八、one and a half 加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。

　　One and a half bananas is left on the table.