八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)
在現(xiàn)實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)生活中,大家對(duì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)應(yīng)該都不陌生吧?知識(shí)點(diǎn)是知識(shí)中的最小單位,最具體的內(nèi)容,有時(shí)候也叫“考點(diǎn)”。下面小編為大家?guī)?lái)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望對(duì)您有所幫助!
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)必備知識(shí)點(diǎn)
He said I was hard-working.
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法:賓語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))
例句:----Im good at English. He says. (改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
----He says Im good at English.
注意:①主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。
例句:He says Im good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ),必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句:She said helping others changed her life.
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):direct speech 直接引語(yǔ)
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語(yǔ)
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開(kāi)
care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
He said I was hard-working.
重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法:賓語(yǔ)從句
結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ))
例句:----Im good at English. He says. (改為加賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句)
----He says Im good at English.
注意:①主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受其影響。
例句:He says Im good at English now.
He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.
②主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),賓語(yǔ)從句也要用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。
例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday.
He said I was good at English now yesterday.
③賓語(yǔ)從句是客觀真理時(shí)永遠(yuǎn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.
Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday.
④動(dòng)詞原形不能作主語(yǔ),必須用其 -ing 形式。
例句:She said helping others changed her life.
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ):direct speech 直接引語(yǔ)
reported speech = indirect speech 間接引語(yǔ)
first of all = at first 首先
pass on 傳遞
be supposed to do sth. 應(yīng)該做某事
be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好
in good health 身體健康
get over 克服
open up 打開(kāi)
care for = take care of = look after 照料;照顧
not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再
have a cold 感冒
end-of-year exam 年終考試
get nervous 變得緊張
forget to do sth. 忘記做某事(該事未做)
forget doing sth. 忘記做某事(該事已做)
its + adj. + [for sb.] + to do sth. 做某事[對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)](加形容詞)
context 上下文
Reading Strategy(閱讀方法)
First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思,不在于文段的細(xì)節(jié)部分。)
You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的單詞,你可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)尋找它的正確釋義。)
If you go to the party,youll have a great time!
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的意義:
1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有already, yet,ever, never, just等
2)表示從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。常見(jiàn)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)有:for+一段時(shí)間,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。
2)構(gòu)成形式:助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞
3)a.It?is?the?first?/?second?time….?that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
b.This?is?the…?that…結(jié)構(gòu),that?從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).
注意:非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
2.怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)比較一下現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。在比較這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí),關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本概念是否理解,因?yàn)閷?duì)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)基本的理解了。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)二者基本特點(diǎn)的時(shí)態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特點(diǎn),所以它可以表示某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的特點(diǎn),所以它也可以表示某一動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性、臨時(shí)性、重復(fù)性、生動(dòng)性乃至感情色彩。
現(xiàn)在就現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的這些特點(diǎn)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)作一簡(jiǎn)單的比較:
(1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的,而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。
(2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)有延續(xù)性,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往沒(méi)有。如:
Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)
Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)
(a)句有“史密斯先生在倫敦久居”的含義,(b)句則沒(méi)有。
(3)但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)并不總是具有臨時(shí)的性質(zhì),如:
My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)
My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)
(a)句在此并無(wú)臨時(shí)性質(zhì),但較口語(yǔ)化。(b)句則較為正式。又,(a)句表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù).并將延續(xù)下去,(b)句的動(dòng)作是否延續(xù)下去,須由上下文決定,但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。
(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如:
Have you been meeting her lately?(a)
Have you met her lately?(b)
(a)句有“經(jīng)常相會(huì)”之意,(b)句則沒(méi)有。(b)句如與often,every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,當(dāng)然也表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)。
(5)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng),有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí),一種影響或結(jié)果,平鋪直敘,沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。如:
What have you been doing?(a)
What have you done?(b)
(a)句表示驚異。(b)句只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
下面還有一例,頗為有趣:
Who's been eating my apples?(a)
Who's eaten my apples?(b)
(a)句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,表示憤怒不滿,(b)句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。又,(a)句兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),所以有“蘋果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成時(shí)態(tài),說(shuō)明“蘋果一個(gè)不剩了”。3.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義:表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成:助動(dòng)詞have/has been+v.ing形式。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)十,助動(dòng)詞用has,其他人稱用have.
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法:主要表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能仍然在進(jìn)行,也可能停止了一會(huì)兒。
4。for 的用法:1)在回答How long…?的問(wèn)句時(shí),for表示所指時(shí)間或距離的全部,在這個(gè)含義上與表示“特定期間中某個(gè)長(zhǎng)度”的during 不同。2)可以用在過(guò)去時(shí),現(xiàn)在時(shí),將來(lái)時(shí)中,但是若表示持續(xù)進(jìn)行到現(xiàn)在為止時(shí),則不能用現(xiàn)在時(shí),而要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3)表示某事物在所述時(shí)間要發(fā)生。
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)