學(xué)霸記英語(yǔ)單詞的筆記
學(xué)霸記英語(yǔ)單詞的筆記
翻碩復(fù)習(xí)的一大重頭戲就是詞匯，而詞匯量是巨大的，必須要有日常的積累和復(fù)習(xí)，并且掌握科學(xué)的記憶方法，才能最有效地積累詞匯量。下面是關(guān)于英語(yǔ)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)筆記以供大家參考。
(1)
1、abdicate(vt)formally relinquish (power，a high official position)正式放棄(權(quán)力、高 位)
He has abdicated all responsibility in the affair 他已經(jīng)放棄了這件事中的一切職責(zé)。
◎ abdication(n)
★ relinquish(vt)give up or cease to practice，abandon;不再采取行動(dòng)，不再有某種感覺(jué)， 放棄
He had relinquished all hope that she was alive。他已經(jīng)放棄了她還活著的希望。
★ abandon(vt)離開(kāi)(某人某物某地)而不返回，遺棄、拋棄;離棄
give orders to abandon ship 下令棄船
(vt)give up completely(esp sth began)完全放棄(尤指已經(jīng)開(kāi)始的事物，如方 案、設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)劃等)
The match was abandoned because of bad weather。比賽因惡劣天氣而取消。
(vt) yield completely to(an emotion of impulse)完全屈從于(某種情感或沖動(dòng)) ～ oneself to sth
He abandoned himself to despair。他陷入絕望中
◎ abandonment(n)
★ surrender(vi，vt) stop resisting an enemy，yield;give up 停止抵抗，投降，屈服，放
棄;～ (oneself)(to sb)
The hijackers finally surrendered to the police。劫機(jī)者終于向警方投降了。
(vt) give up possession of sth/sb when forced by others or by necessity;hand sth/sb over 被迫 放棄對(duì)某物(某人)的控制權(quán)，交出某事物(某人)
◎ surrender(n)
2、accrue(vi)come as a natural increase or advantage，esp financial;accumulate 自然增長(zhǎng) 或利益增加(尤指財(cái)務(wù));積累 ～ to sb from sth
Interest will accrue if you keep your money in a saving account 把錢存在儲(chǔ)蓄帳戶里就會(huì)生息。
◎ accrual(n)
★ accumulat(evt)gradually get or gather together an increasing number or quantity of sth get
sth in this way 積累，聚積(某物)
accumulate enough evidence to ensure his conviction 搜集足夠的證據(jù)以給他定罪。
(vi)increase in number or quantity 增加
Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly。房屋不經(jīng)常打掃，塵土很快就會(huì) 越積越多。
◎ accumulative(adj)
◎ accumulation)(n)
★ amass(vt)gather together or collect esp in large quantities (尤指大量的)積累，積聚， 收集(某事物)
amass a fortune 積累財(cái)富
★ gather(v)come or bring sb/sth in one place 聚集，集合，召集 ～ sb/sth round sth/sb
a musical evening with the whole family gathered round the piano。全家圍坐在鋼琴旁的音樂(lè)晚會(huì)
(vt)bring together objects that have been spread about 收集，收攏(分散的東 西) ～ sth together/up
She gathered up her scattered belongings and left。她把自己的散亂物品收好就走了。
3、badger(vt)pester sb，nag sb persistently 糾纏某人，煩擾某人 ～ sb with/for sth ～ sb into doing sth
She kept badgering her father into answering strange questions。她一直纏著爸爸回答奇怪的問(wèn)題。
(n)徽章
★ bothe(rvt)cause trouble or annoyance to sb，pester sb 打擾或煩擾某人，給某人添麻煩 ～sb about/with sb
I am sorry to bother you，but could you tell me the way to the station。對(duì)不起打擾一下，
請(qǐng)問(wèn)去車站怎么走?
(vt) worry sb 使某人不安
The problem has been bothering me for weeks。那問(wèn)題已經(jīng)困擾了我?guī)讉€(gè)星期。
★ pester(vt) annoy or disturb sb esp with frequent requests 打擾或糾纏某人(尤指不斷提 出要求)
Beggars pestered him for money。乞丐纏著向他討錢。
4、baffle(vt)be too difficult for sb to understand;puzzle 使某人困惑，難倒
Police are baffled as to the identity of the killer。警方不解兇手是誰(shuí)
◎ bafflement(n)
◎ baffling(adj)難以了解的
★ bewilder(vt)puzzle sb;confuse 迷惑某人，混亂
The child was bewildered by the noise and the crowds。孩子讓噪聲和人群弄的暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向。
◎bewildering(adj)令人困惑的，費(fèi)解的
◎bewilderment(n)混亂，困惑
★ confuse(vt)(通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))make sb unable to think clearly;puzzle;bewilder 把 某人弄糊涂，使迷惑，使為難
They confused me by asking so many questions。他們提了一大堆問(wèn)題把我都弄糊涂了。
(vt)mistake one person or thing with another 混淆 ～ A and/with B
Don’t confuse Austria and Australia。不要把奧地利跟澳大利亞弄混淆了。
5、conjecture(v)(書(shū)面語(yǔ))form and express an opinion not based on firm evidence;guess 推 測(cè)，猜測(cè) ～ about sth
Don’t conjectured about the outcome。不要對(duì)結(jié)果妄加猜測(cè)。
(n)猜測(cè)，推測(cè)
Your theory is pure conjecture。擬的理論純粹是主觀臆測(cè)。
◎ conjectural(adj)推測(cè)的，猜測(cè)的
★ surmise(vt)(書(shū)面語(yǔ))suppose without having evidence that makes it certain;guess 猜測(cè) 某事物，猜想，揣測(cè)
With no news from the explorers we can only surmise their present position。我們沒(méi)有探險(xiǎn)者的消 息，只能猜測(cè)他們現(xiàn)在所處的位置。
(n)猜測(cè)，猜想
Your first surmise is right。你第一次猜對(duì)了。
★ guess(v)give an answer，form an opinion or make a statement about sth without calculating or measuring 猜想，估計(jì)、臆測(cè)，猜測(cè)
6、deranged(adj)精神錯(cuò)亂的，(尤指)有精神病的，精神失常的
◎ derangement(n)
★ upset(vt)打翻，弄翻(尤指無(wú)意的)
(vt)攪亂，擾亂計(jì)劃等
7、fiend(n)dvilspirit;devil 惡魔，魔鬼;惡魔般的人，窮兇極惡的人
The fiends of hell 地獄的魔鬼
★ devil(n)魔鬼，鬼怪;惡人，壞蛋，調(diào)皮鬼，淘氣鬼
8、pine(v)unhappy esp because sb has died or gone away 痛苦(尤指因生離死別)
She certainly hasn’t been pining while you were away。你不在的時(shí)候她可并不難受。
(vi)long for or miss sb/sth 渴望或想念某人 ～ for sb/sth
They were pining to return home 他們渴望返回家園。
★ yearn(vi) desire strongly or with compassion or tenderness;be filled with longing 渴望， 憐憫，思念，留念，盼望 ～ for sb/sth
They yearned for their home and family 他們懷念故國(guó)家園。
★ desire(vt)wish for sth;want 希望得到某事物，想要
We all desire happiness and health。我們都希望幸福和健康。
9、smother(vt)cause sb to die from lack of air;or from not being able to breathe;suffocate (使 某人)窒息，悶死
She felt smothered with kindness ta 感受到難以消受的熱情。
(vt)用灰、沙等熄滅或悶住(火)
Smother the flames from the burning pan with a wet towel。用濕毛巾把鍋里的火撲滅。
★ choke(vi)be unable to breathe because one’s windpipe is blocked by sth 窒息;(掐住或阻 塞氣管)使某人難以呼吸，嗆 ～ on sth
She choked to death on a fish bone。魚(yú)刺把她卡住而窒息。
★ suffocate(vt)cause sb to die as a result of not being able to breathe 使某人窒息而死，將某
人悶死
Passengers suffocated in the burning aircraft。乘客在燃燒的飛機(jī)中窒息而亡。
★ throttle(vt)seize sb by the throat and stop him breathing;strangle 扼某人的頸部，使窒 息，勒死
Throttle the guard before robbing the safe。勒死警衛(wèi)然后槍保險(xiǎn)箱。
10、throb(vi)(of the heart，pulse，etc)beat，esp faster or stronger than usual (指心臟、 脈搏)跳動(dòng)(尤指跳動(dòng)較快或較強(qiáng));悸動(dòng)，搏動(dòng) ～ with sth
Her heart was throbbing with excitement。她興奮的心直跳
(vi)(有規(guī)律)的跳動(dòng)、顫動(dòng)，或發(fā)出聲響
The ships engine throbbed quietly。船上的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)出輕微的震動(dòng)。
★ pulse(vi)move with strong regular movements;beat or throb 強(qiáng)列而有規(guī)律的跳動(dòng)。搏動(dòng)， 震動(dòng)
來(lái)了。
The news sent the blood pulsing through his veins 這消息使他的血液都沸騰起
(n)脈搏，節(jié)拍，(聲波，光波，電波等的)一次脈動(dòng)
★ flutter(vi)(of the wings of birds，butterflies，etc )move lightly and quickly (指鳥(niǎo)、 蝴蝶等的翅膀)輕而快的抖動(dòng)，拍翅
The wings of the bird still fluttered after it had been shot down。那鳥(niǎo)被擊落后翅
膀仍在抖動(dòng)。
(vi)move about in quick irregular way 迅速而無(wú)規(guī)則的亂動(dòng);飄動(dòng)
a flag fluttering from the mast-head 在旗桿上飄揚(yáng)著的旗幟。
(2)
1、broth(n)(煮肉、魚(yú)或蔬菜的)清湯、原湯、高湯
★ soup(n)湯，羹
(習(xí))in the soup 處于困境，出麻煩
If your Mum finds out what you have done，you will really be in the soup。要是 你媽媽發(fā)覺(jué)你干的事，你就要倒霉了。
2、crevice(n) narrow opening or crack in a rock or wall(巖石、墻壁等的)裂縫、缺口
★ crack(n)line along which sth has broken，but not into separate parts 裂縫、裂紋
a cup with bad cracks in it 有許多裂紋的杯子
(n)narrow opening 縫隙
She looked through a crack in the curtains 他透過(guò)簾子的縫隙觀望
(詞組)～ on sth 重?fù)?通常為可聽(tīng)到響聲的)
(習(xí))the crack of dawn 黎明、破曉
get up at the crack of dawn 黎明就起床
(習(xí))the crack of doom 世界末日
To get a bus here you have to wait till the crack of doom 在這要等到世界末日
才能有公共汽車。
(v)develop a crack or cracks 使開(kāi)裂，破裂，爆裂
You can crack this toughened glass，but you can’t break it 這種韌化玻璃只裂不碎。
3、demean(vt)lower oneself in dignity，deprive oneself of other’s respect 降低自己的身份， 失去別人的尊重，貶低自己 ～ oneself
Don’t demean yourself by telling such obvious lies 你不要用這種明顯的謊言
自貶人格。
◎ demeaning(adj)降低身份的，卑微的，墮落的
He found it very demeaning to have to work for his former employee。他覺(jué)得要
為他以前的雇員工作很失身份。
★ degrade(vt)cause sb to be less moral and less deserving of respect 貶低某人，降低某人的 身份，使某人丟臉
I felt degrade by having to ask for money。我出于無(wú)奈向別人要錢而自覺(jué)有失尊嚴(yán)
4、foster(vt)help the growth or development of sth;encourage or promote 培養(yǎng)，培育某物; 鼓勵(lì)，促進(jìn)
foster the growth of local industries 扶植地方工業(yè)
(v)照顧，撫養(yǎng)(法律上不屬于自己的孩子)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)，收養(yǎng)
People who cannot have a baby of their own sometimes foster a child。不能生育 的人有時(shí)領(lǐng)養(yǎng)別人的孩子。
★ nurse(v)take care of the sick or injured;look after 看護(hù)、護(hù)理(病人或受傷者)，照顧 某人
My mother has been nursing for 40 years。我母親 40 年來(lái)一直做護(hù)理工作。
(vt) give special care to sth;help to develop 特別照料，培養(yǎng)
nurse young plants 培育幼苗
5、incentive(n) thing that encourages sb to do sth;stimulus 激勵(lì)某人做某事的事物，刺激; 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì) ～ to do sth
They don’t try very hard， but then there’s no incentive 他們不太賣力氣，不過(guò) 卻也沒(méi)給他們獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。
★ stimulus(n)(pl stimuli)thing that produces a reaction in living things 使生物體產(chǎn)生反應(yīng) 之物，刺激物生長(zhǎng)。
The nutrient in the soil act as a stimulus to growth 土壤中的養(yǎng)分能促進(jìn)植物
(n)起鼓舞或激勵(lì)作用的事物，促進(jìn)因素
Her words of praise were a stimulus to work harder 她贊揚(yáng)的話鼓舞人工作更加努力。
6、maze(n)(通常做單數(shù))network of paths or hedges designed as a puzzle in which one must find one’s way 迷宮 迷魂陣
We got lost in Hampton Court maze。我們?cè)跐h普頓科特迷宮迷了路。
(n)confused collection or complicated mass of facts，etc (事情等的)錯(cuò)綜，復(fù)雜
find one’s way through the maze of rules and regulations 在紛繁的規(guī)則和條例中尋找出路。
★ labyrinth(n) complicated network of winding passages，paths，etc through which it is difficult to find one’s way 迷宮
The old building was a labyrinth of dark corridors。那座古老建筑是一座長(zhǎng) 廊縱橫、光線昏暗的迷宮。
7、pore(v) pore over sth 鉆研(某事物)，審查、審視
She was poring over an old map of the area。她正在仔細(xì)查閱該地區(qū)的地圖。
(n)皮膚上的毛孔，葉子上的氣孔
He was sweating at every pore。他汗流浹背。
8、rubbish(n，不可數(shù)名詞)waste or worthless material 垃圾，廢物
(n)(貶，常用作感嘆用語(yǔ))無(wú)聊的想法等，胡說(shuō)
His book is a load of rubbish 他的書(shū)簡(jiǎn)直是廢話連篇。
★ trash(n，不可數(shù)名詞)material，writing etc of poor quality 拙劣的作品，材料;垃圾，廢 物
He thinks most modern arts is trash 他認(rèn)為現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)大都是糟粕。
9、speculate(vi)form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge or evidence; guess 思考，思索，推斷，推測(cè) ～ about/on./upon sth
I wouldn’t like to speculate on the reasons for her resignation 我不愿意猜測(cè)她辭職的原因。
★ meditate(vi) think deeply，esp about spiritual matters 深思，沉思，冥想(尤指精神方 面的問(wèn)題)
I meditate in order to relax。我沉思冥想借以松弛精神。
10、transfix(vt)(尤用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))stick sth pointed completely through sth/sb 用某物刺穿 某人(某物) ～ sth/sb with/on sth
a fish transfixed with a harpoon 用魚(yú)叉叉穿的魚(yú)
(vt)(尤用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) make sb unable to move，think or speak because of fear， astonishment，etc 使某人(因恐懼，驚愕)不能動(dòng)彈、思想或說(shuō)話 ～ sb with sth
He stood staring at the ghost，transfixed with terror。他站在那里看著那個(gè)鬼，嚇得不能動(dòng)彈。
★ petrify(vt)(尤用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) make sb unable to think，move，act，etc because of fear， surprise，etc 使某人驚呆或嚇呆 ～ sb with sth
The idea of making a speech in the public petrified him 一想到要在大庭廣眾面 前講演，他就緊張的不知所措
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