英語-ing式的語態(tài)知識講解
-ing式的語態(tài)
大多數(shù)時候,-ing式使用主動語態(tài)形式,少數(shù)時候使用被動語態(tài)形式。
(1)當(dāng)-ing式前面沒有his, him之類物主代詞或者名詞所有格作它的邏輯主語時,-ing式被動語態(tài)的邏輯主語一般就是該句的主語。
Jack avoided speaking rudely.
杰克避免講話粗魯。
(speaking的邏輯主語就是句子的主語Jack)
Having stood two hours, she wanted to sit down.
站了2個小時,她想坐下了。
(Having stood的邏輯主語就是句子主語she)
She sat on the sofa watching TV.
她坐在沙發(fā)上看電視。
(watching TV的邏輯主語是句子的主語she)
(2)-ing式的邏輯主語是這個-ing式動作的承受者時,-ing式要用被動語態(tài)形式。
Everyone enjoys being praised.
每個人都喜歡受表揚。
(Everyone是praised的承受者)
The man was lying on the couch being examined.
那人躺在床上接受檢查。
(The man是examined的承受者)
I found him being criticized by his father.
我發(fā)現(xiàn)他正受父親的批評。
(him是criticised的承受者)
Their being awarded encourages everyone else.
他們所受的獎勵鼓勵著所有其他人。
(Their=Them是awarded的承受者)
注意:
當(dāng)主語是物體,謂語是need, want, require, deserve時,作賓語的-ing式用主動式代替被動式,因為被動式稍嫌啰嗦。
The TV set needs repairing now.
這電視機需要修理了。
=The TV set needs being repaired now.
The walls wants to be whitewashing.
墻壁需要粉刷了。
= The walls wants to be whitewashed.
The food requires to be heating.
這個食品需要加熱。
= The food requires to be heated.
此外,形容詞worth后面也接-ing式的主式代替被動式,而worthy后面則要用不定式的被動語態(tài),或者of加-ing式的被動語態(tài)。
This movie is worth seeing.
這電影值得看。
= This movie is worth to be seen.
This computer is worthy buying.
這臺電腦值得買。
=This computer is worthy to be bought.
= This computer is worthy of being bought
本文作者:丹丹英語(公眾號:英語語法學(xué)習(xí))
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