《Of Studies》論讀書(shū)讀書(shū)筆記

　　在復(fù)活節(jié)假期中，忙著當(dāng)空中飛人到處玩耍的我也在空余時(shí)間看了幾篇英國(guó)散文?！墩撟x書(shū)》，我之所以寫(xiě)它是因?yàn)樽屛殷@奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)“為什么讀書(shū)”這件事是任何時(shí)代每個(gè)國(guó)家的哲學(xué)家，思想家都在思考的問(wèn)題?！墩撜Z(yǔ)》，《荀子》，《毛澤東選集》等等這些書(shū)，其中都有提到讀書(shū)的重要性。今兒，讓我們來(lái)看看西方的文人對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的闡述, 在其中你會(huì)有所共鳴，會(huì)有所思考，會(huì)對(duì)中西方文人思維特點(diǎn)有個(gè)對(duì)比。

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　　關(guān)于《論讀書(shū)》

　　古羅馬詩(shī)人奧維德在《女英雄書(shū)信集》中 早說(shuō)過(guò)“Abeunt studia in mores”意為一切學(xué)問(wèn)都對(duì)性格有所影響。在我們的生活中，每件事每個(gè)經(jīng)歷甚至偶然間讀過(guò)的某本書(shū)，這樣的事情反復(fù)積累沉淀，造就了不同的我們。

　　《論讀書(shū)》是弗蘭西斯.培根的一篇散文作品，僅僅數(shù)百來(lái)字就把讀書(shū)的妙用和讀書(shū)的方法這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題說(shuō)得非常透徹。培根在說(shuō)到讀書(shū)的用處時(shí)，既強(qiáng)調(diào)了其對(duì)立身行事，自我修養(yǎng)的幫助，又指出了書(shū)本知識(shí)的局限性，認(rèn)為學(xué)問(wèn)應(yīng)當(dāng)受到經(jīng)驗(yàn)的規(guī)范。作者還對(duì)不同書(shū)籍提出了不同的讀書(shū)方法：有些書(shū)淺嘗即可，有些只須囫圇吞棗，少數(shù)須要細(xì)細(xì)咀嚼消化。這種對(duì)自我完善的渴求似乎反映出文藝復(fù)興時(shí)代的“人文主義精神“——相信人的力量和人無(wú)限的潛力。

　　節(jié)選

　　Studies serve for delight, for ornament,and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring (獨(dú)處和幽居之時(shí)); for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in thejudgement and disposition of business; for expert men can execute, and perhapsjudge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots (plan) and marshalling of affairs (處理事務(wù))come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time instudies, is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to makejudgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of scholar(學(xué)者的癖性); they perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for naturalabilities are like plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselvesdo give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in byexperience(若不以經(jīng)驗(yàn)約束的知識(shí)則會(huì)不著邊際 ).

　　Read not to contradict (否定) and confute (駁斥), nor to believe and takefor granted(想當(dāng)然), nor to find talk and discourse, butto weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, andsome few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only inparts; others to be read but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, andwith diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy(由人代讀), and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in theless important arguments and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books arelike common distilled waters, flashy things (平淡無(wú)味的東西).

　　Histories make men wise, poets, witty; themathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric(修辭學(xué)), able to contend: Abeunt studia in mores……

　　關(guān)于培根

　　弗蘭西斯.培根 (FrancisBacon, 1561-1626), 英國(guó)哲學(xué)家，散文家，生于倫敦，受教于劍橋大學(xué)三一學(xué)院。此后仕途一帆風(fēng)順，歷任副檢察長(zhǎng)，檢察總長(zhǎng)， 掌璽大臣等職位，但在1621年被指控犯有賄賂罪而削官為民。余生在文學(xué)和哲學(xué)創(chuàng)作中度過(guò)。蒲柏說(shuō)他是“人中之俊杰，亦是人中之?dāng)☆?lèi)”。

　　其作品主要分為三類(lèi)：哲學(xué)作品《Advancement of Learning》，法律職業(yè)的作品， 文學(xué)類(lèi)作品《Essays》， 《History ofHenry the Seventh， 1622》。

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　　本文作者： Eleen

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