英語作文寫作技巧
中考英語寫作是考查學生語言綜合運用能力和平時閱讀詞匯量的重要組成部分,在中考試卷中占有較大的分值比重。下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼?a href='http://www.rzpgrj.com/zw/english/' target='_blank'>英語作文寫作技巧,希望大家喜歡!
一、日記
日記通常以第一人稱進行寫作,運用過去時態(tài),記錄某一天的生活經(jīng)歷,包括所見、所聞、所做的事情及感想等。進行日記寫作時要注意以下幾個方面。
(一)日記的格式
英文日記的格式與中文日記基本一致。左上角是:星期和日期(年、月、日)。右上角寫上當天的天氣情況(如:Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Windy, Snowy, Cloudy等)。具體如下:
日期表達有多種形式。年、月、日都寫時,通常以月、日、年為順序,月份可以縮寫,日和年用逗號隔開。例如:
October 1, 2015 / October 1st, 2015
也可縮寫成:
Oct. 1, 2015 / Oct. 1st, 2015
the 1st of October in 2015(用此格式時,月份不可以縮寫)
注:以上的1或1st都讀作the first。
星期可以省略不寫,也可將其放在日期之前或之后,星期和日期之間不用標點,但要留有空格,星期也可縮寫。如:
Saturday, October 3rd, 2015
October 3rd, 2015 Saturday
天氣一般用一個形容詞(如Cloudy, Sunny,F(xiàn)ine,Rainy,Snowy 等)表示,位置在日期之后,用逗號隔開,位于日記的右上角。如:
Saturday, October 3, 2015, Sunny
1st October, 2015, Rainy
(二)日記的正文
日記的正文是日記的主要部分,寫在星期和日期的正下方,可以頂格寫,也可以內(nèi)縮3至5個字母的空間。由于日記記載的內(nèi)容一般已經(jīng)發(fā)生,謂語動詞通常用一般過去時。但也可根據(jù)具體情況,用其他時態(tài)。例如,記敘天氣、描寫景色時,為了描寫生動,可以使用現(xiàn)在時,以表現(xiàn)當時的情景。再如,文后發(fā)表感想或評論可用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或將來時態(tài)。記日記力求簡單明了,有連貫性。若有文字提示,則應重視提示,把握要點。在句式上盡量采用豐富的表達形式,以免造成句式單調(diào)。正文的寫作通常采用“總—分—總”的形式:首先,對一天的活動作一個總體性的交代;接著,將一天所經(jīng)歷的主要事情和過程記錄下來,可以依照時間順序,也可以是空間方位順序等;再者,對整個活動過程進行小結,并表達個人的感受等。
下面以2015年部分地區(qū)的中考試題為例,來學習日記的具體寫作。
中考題例:
(2015年恩施卷)根據(jù)下列提示信息,用英語寫一篇不少于80詞的日記。
提示:
1. 著名教授Mr. Robert今天(6月5日,星期五,晴)上午來你校作了一場報告;
2. 其報告內(nèi)容包括:
如何與同學友好相處;
如何與家長、老師有效溝通;
如何控制不良情緒。
3. 這場報告對今后的學習和生活都很重要。
要求:
1.日記中必須包含提示中的所有要點;
2.不要逐句翻譯,可適當發(fā)揮;
3.必須用第一人稱寫作;
4.條理清晰,書寫規(guī)范;
5.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實人名和校名等相關信息;
6.日記的開頭已經(jīng)寫好,不計入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯:
有效地effectively 教授professor
Friday, June 5th Sunny
解題指導:
【審題】
1. 體裁:日記,用第一人稱寫。
2. 內(nèi)容:教授報告,三大要點要全部覆蓋。
3. 主體時態(tài):一般過去時。
4. 開放的內(nèi)容:自己的感受。
5. 詞數(shù):不少于80詞。
【寫作指導】
[文章結構內(nèi)容要點開頭:總體交代主要事件來校作報告(came to our school to give us a report) 正文:報告的三大主要內(nèi)容1.如何與同學友好相處(how to get along well with classmates)
2. 如何與家長、老師有效溝通(how to communicate with parents and teachers effectively)
3.如何控制自己的情緒(how to control ourselves)結尾:我的感受開放的內(nèi)容]
【參考范文】
Friday, June 5th Sunny
This morning Mr. Robert, a famous professor, came to our school to give us a useful report.
He told us how we could get along well with our classmates. He said that honesty is the best way. He also taught us how to communicate with our parents and teachers. When he talked about how we can control ourselves, he said, “Count to ten when you get angry.”
I learned an important lesson from Mr. Robert. Im sure his report will help us study better and live a happier life in future.
拓展訓練:
(2015年黔南卷)今天(3月15日)上午你去參加了英語俱樂部活動,請根據(jù)提示寫一篇日記。
要點提示:
1. 簡介:英語俱樂部成立于三年前;
2. 地點:家附近的公園;
3. 內(nèi)容:許多學生參加,還有大學生和外國朋友。練聽力、口語,談談感興趣的事,交流學習英語的經(jīng)驗;
4. 感受。
要求:
1. 必須用上以上所有信息,可適當發(fā)揮;
2. 要求句子連貫,語句通順,書寫規(guī)范;
3. 詞數(shù)不少于80詞,開頭部分已給出,不計入總詞數(shù);
4. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名等相關信息。
參考詞匯:
English club, found, college, take part in, practice doing, exchange, experience, improve
Sunday March 15th, 2015 Sunny
【參考范文】
Sunday March 15th, 2015 Sunny
This morning I went to the English club that is in the park near my home. It is three years since it was founded. Many middle school students as well as college students and foreigners took part in the activity. People there practiced listening and spoken English by talking about something interesting, and people also exchanged the experience in English learning. I think it is a good chance for me to speak with them and use what I have learnt in my English class. In this way I can improve my English, especially listening and speaking and I can also make a lot of friends there. I felt very happy after I got back.
二、書信
書信是重要的交際工具。英文書信是中考英語寫作最常出現(xiàn)的應用文體。英文書信分為兩大類:公務信件和私人信件。中考試題考查私人信件的書寫,類型比較豐富。書信的基本格式如下:
[稱呼
正文
結束語
署名]
下面以2015年部分地區(qū)的中考試題為例,學習不同類型的書信的寫作。
(一)申請信
中考題例:
(2015年溫州卷)美中文化交流中心(ACCEC)暑期將組織學生來華學習、交流,現(xiàn)正在中國招募志愿者,幫助他們學習中文。假如你是揚帆中學的學生李平,請按照要求給該項目負責人Mr. Miller寫一封申請信。
內(nèi)容包括:
1.申請擔任志愿者;
2.自己樂于助人、擅長中文;
3.談談學好中文的方法;
4. ……
參考詞匯:
volunteer, be good at, improve, culture
注意:
1.申請信需要涵蓋以上所有要點,可適當發(fā)揮;
2.文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名等相關信息;
3.詞數(shù):110詞左右。開頭和結尾已給出(不計入總詞數(shù))。
Dear Mr. Miller,
Im Li Ping from Yangfan Middle School. __
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours truly,
Li Ping
解題指導:
【審題】
1. 體裁:申請信,用第一人稱寫。
2. 內(nèi)容:申請擔任志愿者,講明自己的優(yōu)勢。
3. 主體時態(tài):現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。但當談論過去的經(jīng)歷時,需要用到相關的過去時態(tài)。
4. 開放的內(nèi)容:除所給提示以外的其他優(yōu)勢;懇請招聘單位考慮自己的申請,并表示謝意;期望回復等。
5. 詞數(shù):110詞左右。
【寫作指導】
[文章結構內(nèi)容要點開頭:自我介紹,說明寫信的目的對項目感興趣(be interested in your project)
想成為志愿者(want to be the volunteer)主體內(nèi)容:詳述有關與申請要求相關的背景資料,如經(jīng)歷、興趣愛好等;希望申請得到批準,并說明自己會珍惜這次機會樂于助人(be ready to help others)
擅長中文(be good at Chinese)
學好中文的方法(ways to learn Chinese well)
如果能得到機會,我將……(If I can get the job, I believe I will ...)結尾:表示感謝;期待盡早得到答復等Thank you for ...
Im looking forward to ...]
【參考范文】
Dear Mr. Miller,
Im Li Ping from Yangfan Middle School. Im very interested in your project and want to be the volunteer to help the students learn Chinese.
I am warm-hearted and always ready to help others. Im good at Chinese. Last year, I won the first prize for the Chinese Speech Competition in my city. I have many good ways to learn Chinese well. For example, we can listen to the radio and read aloud every morning. Also learning some Chinese classical songs helps improve the language quickly. Besides, talking with local people is a fun and effective way to learn Chinese and its culture. If I can get the job, I believe I can be a great volunteer.
Thank you for your consideration.
Yours truly,
Li Ping
拓展訓練:
(2015年南通卷)學年結束前, Nancy所在學校的英文校報將征集“班級之星”的推薦信。假如你是Nancy,請根據(jù)下表所提示的要點,寫一封英文推薦信,推薦以下三名同學并闡明推薦理由。
注意:
1. 表達中必須包含所給要點,可以適當發(fā)揮,不要簡單翻譯;
2. 詞數(shù)90左右,開頭和結尾已經(jīng)寫好,不計入總詞數(shù);
3. 表達中請勿提及真實校名和姓名。
Dear Sir,
I would like to recommend three of my classmates for this years Class Stars.
I hope that you agree with me.
Yours Faithfully,
Nancy
【參考范文】
Dear Sir,
I would like to recommend three of my classmates for this years Class Stars.
First, I think Sandy is the best person for the Cooperation Star. She listens to others patiently. Also, she is good at communicating and ready to share her ideas with others.
Then, I hope Harry can be the Creation Star because he always thinks in different ways. He is brave enough to try different things. He often comes up with new ideas.
Finally, I think Emily can be the Show Star. In class, she joins in discussions actively. She is never afraid of making a speech in front of the whole class and she usually speaks in a loud voice.
I hope that you agree with me.
Yours Faithfully,
Nancy
(二)感謝信
中考題例:
(2015年攀枝花卷)在初中即將畢業(yè)之際,假如你是李明,請你給曾經(jīng)對你有很大幫助的王老師寫一份感謝信。文章包含以下內(nèi)容:
1. 三年前,你來到新的班級,沒有朋友,感到孤獨;
2. 王老師鼓勵你多交朋友,告訴你學好英語;
3. 現(xiàn)在你的變化(性格變得外向,積極參加各種活動,學習成績提高);
4. 對王老師表示感謝并祝福老師身體健康。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)80~100,開頭和結尾已給出,但不計入總詞數(shù);
2. 短文必須包括所有要點,不要逐詞翻譯,可適當發(fā)揮,使其連貫,通順。文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名等相關信息。
Dear Mr. Wang,
How time flies! Ill graduate from the junior school soon, Yours,
Li Ming
解題指導:
感謝信的寫作目的是對他人給予自己的幫助、款待、所贈送禮物等表示感謝。因此,寫感謝信首先要真誠;感謝信的另一個特點是具體,切忌泛泛而談,而應著重寫明具體的感謝事由。
【審題】
1. 體裁:感謝信,用第一人稱寫。
2. 內(nèi)容:感謝王老師的幫助;自己的變化。
3. 主體時態(tài):現(xiàn)在時態(tài)及相關過去時態(tài)。
4. 開放的內(nèi)容:除所給提示以外的老師給予的幫助或自己的其他變化。
5. 詞數(shù):80~100詞。
【寫作指導】
【參考范文】
Dear Mr. Wang,
How time flies! Ill graduate from the junior high school soon, and I am deeply grateful to you for your kind help. Three years ago, I was new in the class. I had no friends here and felt lonely. You encouraged me to make more friends. And you also told me how to study English well. With your help, I have changed a lot and become more outgoing. I took an active part in various activities that helped me a lot in improving myself.
Words cant show my thanks to you and Ill work harder and try to do better in the future. I wish you happy and healthy all the time.
Yours,
Li Ming
拓展訓練:
(2015年重慶A卷)加拿大中學生Peter在你校學習期滿,回國后寫來一封感謝信,同時指出了同學們的一些不良行為。假如你是學生會主席李華,請根據(jù)要點提示給Peter回一封電子郵件。
要點提示:
1. 表示感謝;
2. 表達意愿(告別高聲喧嘩、亂丟亂扔等不良行為);
3. ……
要求:
1. 80詞左右。開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù);
2.文中不能出現(xiàn)自己的姓名和所在學校的名稱。
Dear Peter,
Im glad to receive your email. ___________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
【參考范文】
Dear Peter,
Im glad to receive your email. Thank you for telling us so much. Im very sorry for what we have done.
As a student, we should learn to have good habits. First, we will keep quiet in public. Also, we will no longer throw things here and there. Whats more, we wont write or draw on the desks and other places, and we will be more polite to others.
Id like to invite you to visit our school again. Im sure you will see a cleaner school.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
(三)建議信
中考題例:
(2015年山西卷)某校開展“我是課堂小主人”建議征集活動,各班就此展開討論,同學們紛紛發(fā)言:“我希望能有足夠的自主學習時間……”“我喜歡的課堂是每人都有一臺筆記本電腦,方便上網(wǎng)查詢……”“課上我們能自由地討論,充分展示我們的學習成果……”等。請你結合同學們討論的結果,給校長以電子郵件的形式寫一封信,建議什么樣的課堂形式更為同學們喜愛,也更有利于同學們未來的發(fā)展。內(nèi)容須包含以下要點:
What is your favorite class like?
Please tell us an unforgettable experience youve had in your class.
Please give at least two suggestions.
要求:
1. 詞數(shù)80左右,提示詞僅供參考;
2. 郵件的格式已給出,開頭、結尾不計入總詞數(shù);
3. 文中不得出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名。
解題指導:
建議信的寫作目的是提出建議或忠告,觀點要合情合理,注意語言要得體、禮貌。 寫作時,首先要肯定優(yōu)點,再提出改進內(nèi)容。
【審題】
1. 體裁:建議信,用第一人稱寫。
2. 內(nèi)容:給校長寫信,建議什么樣的課堂形式更為同學們喜愛,也更有利于同學們未來的發(fā)展。
3. 主體時態(tài):現(xiàn)在時態(tài)及相關過去時態(tài)。
4. 開放的內(nèi)容:除所給提示外的至少兩點建議。
【寫作指導】
【參考范文】
Dear Mr. Li,
My favorite class is an open and free class where I can learn by myself and discuss in groups, which is good for my development, I think.
I still remember an unforgettable experience in my maths class. Several days ago, I spent a long time working on three maths problems in class, but they were too hard for me to work them out. So I had to ask my classmates for help. After a considerable discussion, we solved the problems in our group. How excited I was!
Having such a great experience,I want to give two suggestions. Firstly, please dont teach us too much in class. We need about 30 minutes to learn by ourselves and work in groups every class. Secondly,please provide us with some laptops if possible, so we can surf the Internet easily. No doubt, we need an open and free class, you see.
Thats all. Thank you.
Best wishes!
Yours faithfully,
Zhang Hua
拓展訓練:
試題1:
(2015年遂寧卷)假如你是李華,你的朋友玲玲寫信向你抱怨(complain)沒有時間做作業(yè),沒有時間鍛煉……她就這些問題向你尋求幫助,請你就如何合理安排時間給她寫一封回信。
提示:
學習方面:做好學習計劃,上課認真聽講,高效完成作業(yè);
鍛煉方面:利用早上和周末鍛煉;
其他建議:①,②,……
注意:
1.詞數(shù)80左右,開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù);
2.文章應包括寫信的背景和提示中的所有要點,可適當發(fā)揮,以使行文連貫;
3.文中請勿提及你的真實姓名和學校。
Dear Lingling,
I am glad to hear from you.
[]
Hope things work out.
Yours,
Li Hua
【參考范文】
Dear Lingling,
I am glad to hear from you. You complained that you had no time to do your homework or exercise. I think you should spend your time in a proper way. For example, you can make a plan about your study, listen to the teachers carefully and do your homework quickly. As for exercise, you can do it in the morning and on weekends. I also think you should cut down the time hanging out with your friends. Dont spend too much time playing computer games or listening to the music, even though they are really relaxing.
Hope things work out.
Yours,
Li Hua
試題2:
(2015年南京卷)假如你是陽光中學的李磊,你在學校網(wǎng)站看到國際學生Stephen的求助信。請根據(jù)Stephen信的內(nèi)容,用英語給Stephen寫一封回信,介紹你校圖書館借書的要求和流程。 [HELP NEEDED
Im Stephen, an international student from Britain. Id like to know how to borrow books from the school library. Should I bring my students card with me? How long can I keep a book? I wonder if you can provide any tips on borrowing books.
Please email me at Stephen220@yahoo.com. Thank you!
Stephen]
注意:
1. 文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實姓名和學校名稱;
2. 語言通順,意思連貫,條理清楚,書寫規(guī)范;
3. 詞數(shù)80左右,郵件的開頭與結尾已經(jīng)給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Stephen,
I am writing to tell you how to borrow books from the school library.
Yours faithfully,
Li Lei
【參考范文】
Dear Stephen,
I am writing to tell you how to borrow books from the school library. Remember to go to the library with your students card. When you enter the library, first show your students card to a librarian. Then you can choose books you need. At last you can take the books away after you show them to a librarian.
You can only borrow three books at a time and keep them for a month. You will have to go back to the library to renew the books if you want to keep them longer.
Please email me if you have any other questions.
Yours faithfully,
Li Lei
三、演講稿或發(fā)言稿
演講稿或發(fā)言稿是近年各地中考應用文寫作經(jīng)??疾榈奈捏w之一。此類文體一般是為了傳遞某些信息,如闡述事實、提供見解、分析事件、說明原因等。因此,演講稿或發(fā)言稿的寫作其實基本上算是記敘文的寫作。
下面以2015年天津市中考試題為例,來學習演講稿的寫作。
中考題例:
(2015年天津卷)假如你即將在學校英語興趣小組的活動中發(fā)言,請你用英語寫一篇發(fā)言稿。
要點提示如下:
1.幾個月前,奶奶晚飯后去跳廣場舞;
2.從那時起,奶奶喜歡上了廣場舞;
3.現(xiàn)在,奶奶比以前健康了,有了很多朋友;
4.有些鄰居有意見,認為音樂很吵,無法入睡;
5.你認為人們可以跳廣場舞,但……
參考詞匯:跳廣場舞 do square dancing;對某人有意見have a complaint against sb.
要求:
1.詞數(shù):80~100詞;
2.開頭和結尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù);
3.要點齊全,行文連貫,可適當發(fā)揮。
Boys and girls,
Im very happy to speak here and Id like to talk about my grandma.
Thats all. Thank you!
解題指導:
【審題】
1. 體裁:發(fā)言稿,用第一人稱寫。但在涉及奶奶的描述時用第三人稱。
2. 內(nèi)容:評論奶奶跳廣場舞這件事。
3. 主體時態(tài):現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。但當談論過去的經(jīng)歷時,需要用到相關的過去時態(tài)。
4. 開放的內(nèi)容:你對跳廣場舞的建議。
5. 詞數(shù):80~100詞。
【寫作指導】
[文章結構內(nèi)容要點開頭:簡要介紹,點明主題Im very happy to speak here and Id like to talk about my grandma.主體內(nèi)容:以時間為順序,闡述主要事件;發(fā)表自己的觀點A few months ago ... since then ... now ...
Some neighbors have a complaint against ...
In my opinion ...結尾:建議并感謝別人的傾聽Thank you for ...]
【參考范文】
Boys and girls,
Im very happy to speak here and Id like to talk about my grandma.
A few months ago, my grandma went to do square dancing after supper. Since then, she has been in love with square dancing. Now, she is
much healthier than before. Whats more, she has a lot of friends. However, some neighbors have a complaint against the people who do square dancing. They think that the music is so loud that they cant fall asleep at night.
In my opinion, people can do square dancing because it is a good way to keep healthy. But they should think about the feelings of others and they shouldnt make a lot of noise.
Thats all. Thank you for your listening.
拓展訓練:
試題1:
(2015年河北卷)英語課上,老師要求同學們介紹個人周末計劃。假設下面表格內(nèi)容是你的計劃提綱,請根據(jù)表格提示的活動內(nèi)容,寫一篇發(fā)言稿,介紹你的周末計劃,并在班上與同學交流。
[SaturdayWatch TVGo to a bookstoreSundayVisit grandparents...]
要求:
1.發(fā)言稿須包括三個所列要點和一個補充要點;
2.發(fā)言稿中四個要點都要適當發(fā)揮;
3.發(fā)言稿中不得涉及真實的人名、校名和地名;
4.詞數(shù):80左右(已給出的開頭和結尾不計入總詞數(shù))。
Hi, everyone! Heres my plan for the weekend.
Thank you!
【參考范文】
Hi, everyone! Heres my plan for the weekend.
On Saturday morning, Im going to watch TV to relax myself after a long weeks study. I like watching comedies and cartoons. On Saturday afternoon, Im going to the bookstore to buy some books. Reading is one of my hobbies.
On Sunday, Im going to visit my grandparents because I miss them very much. Ill help them do some housework. After I come back, Ill do my homework to get ready for the next week.
Thats my weekend. Like it?
Thank you!
試題2:
(2015年綿陽卷)上高中后第一節(jié)英語課,老師要求每個同學用英語做1分鐘的自我介紹。請準備一份80~100詞的發(fā)言稿,內(nèi)容應涉及以下四個方面:
1.家庭情況;
2.學習上的強項與弱項;
3.興趣與愛好;
4.對高中生活的期待。
要求:
1.內(nèi)容反映自己的真實情況,但文中不得提及真實的人名、地名或校名;
2.首尾已給出,不計入總詞數(shù)。
Hello, everybody! Nice to meet you. My name is Li Hua. Im from Rainbow High School.
Thank you!
【參考范文】
Hello, everybody! Nice to meet you. My name is Li Hua. Im from Rainbow High School.
In my family, besides father and mother, I have a little brother. I love them very much and we live happily.
I like reading books. I am also fond of listening to music. I love country music. I like watching cartoons, too.
As for subjects, I like English best, because its interesting. And I think its a good way to communicate with foreigners. But I am weak in P.E. I will exercise every morning from now on.
In the high school I will try my best to correct my disadvantages and Im trying to be a perfect girl.
Thank you!
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