中考英語(yǔ)??颊Z(yǔ)法大全2020
今天小編為同學(xué)們整理的是關(guān)于初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)歸納,很快就要考中考了,希望同學(xué)們可以好好復(fù)習(xí)一下英語(yǔ),等到考英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候拿到一個(gè)更好的成績(jī),下面就讓我們一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧。
1.be動(dòng)詞順口溜
(我 I)用am , (你 you)用are , is跟著(他 he) , (她 she) , (它 it) , is跟著單數(shù)走 , 復(fù)數(shù)永遠(yuǎn)連著are
2.一般疑問(wèn)句
1)由be動(dòng)詞(am/is/are)開頭的問(wèn)句:Is he a pupil?Are you a teacher?
2)助動(dòng)詞do/does開頭的問(wèn)句
3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can開頭的問(wèn)句
4)動(dòng)詞have/has開頭的問(wèn)句
3.規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)
1)一般情況下,在名詞后加-s;
2)詞尾是s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾的詞,在詞尾后加-es;
3)“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i,再加-es;以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞或“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-s;
4)以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾的詞,在詞尾加-s;“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的詞,在詞尾加-es;
5)以-f/fe結(jié)尾的詞,變復(fù)數(shù),將-f/fe改為v加es;
順口溜:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf),小偷(thief)嚇得發(fā)了慌;躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life),半(half)片樹葉(leaf)遮目光。注:roof-roofs
4.一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
把not放在一般疑問(wèn)句的主語(yǔ)之后,即構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句的否定結(jié)構(gòu).eg.Is she not a student?eg.Have you not any sisters?eg.Can she not do it?
5.陳述句轉(zhuǎn)疑問(wèn)句及回答
This is a watch.-àIs this a watch?Yes,it is(不許縮寫).No,it isn’t(必須縮寫).
6.陳述句變否定句
This is a watch.→This is not(isn’t) a watch.
7.主要字母組合的發(fā)音
8.幾個(gè)發(fā)音特殊的輔音字母
A.字母c在 a,l,o,r,u 等前讀[k] , 如come [k ?m],coat [k ?ut] 等.
字母c在 e,I,y 前讀[s] , 如 pencil [pensl] 等.
B.字母g一般讀[g] , 如go [g?u] , leg [leg]等,
字母g和e(即ge)在詞尾讀 [d?] , 如orange [?rind?]等
C.雙寫輔音字母雖然是兩個(gè)相同的輔音字母寫在一起,但只讀一個(gè)音,如apple[? pl]egg[eg]等。
9.名詞所有/屬格
英語(yǔ)的名詞有三種格:即主格、賓格和所有格。名詞中表示所有關(guān)系的形式叫做名詞的所有格,意為”……的”。
所有格有兩種形式:一種是在名詞后面加—’s,多用來(lái)修飾有生命的東西,eg.Kate’s dress;另一種是在介詞of 后面加名詞,多用來(lái)修飾沒(méi)有生命的東西,eg.:the window of the room
1)—’s格:如果名詞代表的事物是有生命的,那么它的所有格形式就是在這個(gè)名詞后面加+‘s,變化規(guī)則如下:
2)單數(shù)名詞詞尾+’s,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒(méi)有s,也要加’s,
eg.:the boy’s bag這個(gè)男孩的書包
eg.men’s room男廁所
eg.Tom’s watch
eg.a week’s holiday
eg.the children’s bedroom
3)詞尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,+‘s若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s,只加’,
eg.:the students’ books學(xué)生們的書
eg.the teachers’ office
4)在表示店鋪、教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它修飾的名詞,eg.Let’s go to Tom’s讓我們?nèi)芳?/p>
eg.the barber’s 理發(fā)店
eg.the Whites’懷特家
5)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人分別擁有某物時(shí),要在每個(gè)人的名字后面加‘s(分別有);兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人共同擁有某物時(shí),只在最后一個(gè)人的名字后面加’s(共有)
eg.:John’s and Mary’s room約翰和瑪麗各自的房間(兩間)
eg.Jonh and Mary’s room約翰和瑪麗共用的房間(一間)
6)’s所有格所修飾的名詞,如果前面已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò),再次提到可以省略。
eg.:This is Lucy’s room and that is Lily’s(room).
10、of格
表示無(wú)生命的東西的所有格時(shí),不能加’s,可以用“名詞+of+名詞“的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系,此時(shí),英文的順序與中文是倒過(guò)來(lái)的,
eg.:the door of the room房間的門
eg.the colour of the book書的顏色
eg.the playground of the school這所學(xué)校的操場(chǎng)
(指點(diǎn)迷津1:在表示“某人的照片”時(shí),of后面要接有生命的事物。eg.:a photo of an old woman一張老太太的照片)
(指點(diǎn)迷津2:兩個(gè)名詞連用時(shí),前面一個(gè)名詞通常要變成所有格即加’s來(lái)限定后面的名詞,而不能直接用一個(gè)名詞修飾另一個(gè)名詞。)
11.(1)人稱代詞的形式:人稱代詞根據(jù)用法不同而有人稱、數(shù)與格的變化中考英語(yǔ)??颊Z(yǔ)法有哪些 初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)歸納
(2)人稱代詞的排列順序:
a.單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q-à第三人稱-à第一人稱 you-àhe/she/it-àI
b.復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q-à第二人稱-à第三人稱 we-àyou-à they
12.對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)的程序
一代(用疑問(wèn)詞代替劃線部分),
二移(把疑問(wèn)詞移至句首)
三倒(顛倒主謂語(yǔ),但對(duì)主語(yǔ)或其定語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)除外)
四抄(照抄其它部分)
13.be 的用法口訣
我用am,你用are,is連著他,她,它;
單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。
變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。
變否定,更容易,be后not莫忘記。
疑問(wèn)否定任你變,句首大寫莫遲疑。
14.基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞歌
基變序,有規(guī)律
詞尾加上-th (fourth,sixth)
一、二、三,特殊例,
結(jié)尾字母t,d,d (first,second,third)
八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth)
ve要用 f替;(fifth,twelfth)
ty將y改成i,
th前面有個(gè)e。
若是碰到幾十幾,
前用基來(lái)后用序。
15.規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加Ed的讀音
清讀[t],濁元 [ d ]
t、d后面讀 [ id ]
16.before和ago巧記
before帶在點(diǎn)之前,ago總在段之后。
before時(shí)態(tài)不確定,過(guò)去時(shí)中用ago。
17.be在現(xiàn)在時(shí)中與人稱的搭配
我是am,你是are,is跟隨著他,她,它。
復(fù)數(shù)后面用什么,統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是一個(gè)are。
肯定句變疑問(wèn)句口訣
“是,情,助”,移向前,
主語(yǔ)其后把身安,
一般,現(xiàn)在,與過(guò)去,
do,does,did添在前,再改謂語(yǔ)為原形。
最后要把問(wèn)號(hào)點(diǎn)。
18.要求跟不定式的動(dòng)詞
“要想干,同意辦,愿意不愿意,決定盡量干?!?/p>
A、要求,想要,希望(want,wish,hope,expect,intend,mean)
B、同意(agree,promise)
C、意愿(care,hate,refuse)
D、決定,企圖(determine,decide,offer,attempt,try,manage)
19.常見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞三種形式變化歸類
come came come
become became become
steal stole stolen
speak spoke spoken
break broke broken
drive drove driven
write wrote written
give gave given
swim swam swum
spring sprang sprung
run ran run
begin began begun
drink drank drunk
blow blew blown
grow grew grown
know knew known
throw threw thrown
show showed shown
draw drew drawn
bring brought bought
fight fought fought
think thought thought
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
keep kept kept
sweep swept swept
leave left left
fee felt felt
tear tore torn
wear wore worn
pay paid paid
say said said
build built built
send sent sent
lend leant leant
dig dug dug
win won won
sell sold sold
tell told told
sit sat sat
hear heard heard
make made made
lose lost lost
stand stood stood
find found found
get got got
hold held held
feed fed fed
meet met met
lead led led
beat beat beaten
do did done
see saw seen
take took taken
shut shut shut
cost cost cost
hit hit hit
set set set
put put put
let let let
cut cut cut
20.疑問(wèn)代詞
疑問(wèn)代詞是用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句的代詞,主要用于詢問(wèn)“何人”、“何物”、“何時(shí)”等。疑問(wèn)代詞有who(誰(shuí),主格)、whom(誰(shuí),賓格)、whose(誰(shuí)的)、what(什么),which(哪一個(gè))等,也叫wh-詞。(wh-/how開頭均為特殊疑問(wèn)句)中考英語(yǔ)??颊Z(yǔ)法有哪些 初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)歸納
疑問(wèn)代詞與所問(wèn)內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系如下:
a、對(duì)什么東西提問(wèn)/對(duì)名字提問(wèn)/對(duì)職業(yè)提問(wèn)/對(duì)什么事情提問(wèn)用what
eg.What’s this?這是什么?
eg.What’s your name?你叫什么名字?
eg.What job do you do?你是做什么工作的?
eg.What’s wrong with you?你怎么了?
b、對(duì)顏色提問(wèn)用what colour用
eg.What colour is you dress?
c、對(duì)幾時(shí)幾分提問(wèn)用what time
eg.What time is it now?
d、對(duì)某班、某年級(jí)、某學(xué)校、某組提問(wèn)用what class(grade,school,row)
eg.What class/grade/school/row are you in?
e、對(duì)星期幾提問(wèn)用what day
eg.What day is it today?
f、對(duì)時(shí)間提問(wèn)用when
eg.When will you go to Shenyang?
g、對(duì)“某人”提問(wèn)用who(誰(shuí),主格,只能用于對(duì)人的提問(wèn))
eg.Who is that girl?
h、對(duì)“某人的”(誰(shuí)的,即詢問(wèn)所有關(guān)系)提問(wèn)用whose
eg.Whose bag is it?
i、對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)用where
eg.Where are you going?
j、對(duì)身體狀況/交通方式/天氣情況/對(duì)人的感受/對(duì)工作方式提問(wèn)用how;
eg.How are you?
eg.How do you go to school?
eg.How is the weather?
eg.How does she feel?
k、對(duì)年齡提問(wèn)用how old
eg.How old are you?
l、對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)可數(shù)用how many,對(duì)不可數(shù)/價(jià)格提問(wèn)用how much
eg.How many books?
Eg.How much sheep?
m、對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)用how often
eg,How often do you go home?
n、對(duì)哪一個(gè)提問(wèn)用which
eg.Which class are you in?
o、對(duì)原因提問(wèn)用why
eg.Why way did they go?
p、whom(誰(shuí)),whom是who的賓格
eg.Who(m)did you see in the street?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))
eg.Who(m) are you talking about?(作介詞賓語(yǔ))
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作(有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件)的一種時(shí)間狀態(tài)。
基本結(jié)構(gòu)中考英語(yǔ)??颊Z(yǔ)法有哪些 初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)歸納
口訣當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞單三+其他
否定句 主語(yǔ)+doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
一般疑問(wèn)句 Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
肯定回答 Yes,主語(yǔ)+does
否定回答 No,主語(yǔ)+doesn't
特殊疑問(wèn)句 特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)
肯定句 主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
否定句 主語(yǔ)+don't+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
一般疑問(wèn)句 Do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
用錯(cuò)結(jié)構(gòu)全句都錯(cuò),一定要注意。
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞變化規(guī)則:
(1)1.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變單三人稱形式才能把y換成i再加es;
2.與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)不同,變單三人稱形式以o,s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加es;
3.一般的動(dòng)詞加s.
(2)單三人稱做主語(yǔ)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)做句式變化時(shí),可記住如下口訣:“見助動(dòng),用原形”。
(3)do是一個(gè)比較難理解的詞,它有三個(gè)含義:
a)是所有行為動(dòng)詞的總稱;
b)是助動(dòng)詞,無(wú)實(shí)義;
c)是一個(gè)具體的行為動(dòng)詞“做,干”。此句中給出的do指“做,干”,not指把此句變?yōu)榉穸ň洌薯氃赿o前加助動(dòng)詞don’t。
(4)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志:always (總是,一直) never (從來(lái)不) usually (通常) sometimes (有時(shí)候) often (經(jīng)常) every (每) seldom (很少/不常)
every morning / night / evening / day / week (每 / 天早上 / 晚上 / 晚上 / 天 / 周)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
一、概念:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.
結(jié)構(gòu):助動(dòng)詞 be ( am / is / are ) +現(xiàn)在分詞.
二、 現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
1.大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞后可在動(dòng)詞后直接加-ing.
Eg:carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking,enjoy-enjoying;hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking
2. 如果動(dòng)詞以-e結(jié)尾,則去掉-e,再加-ing,如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using.
3. 如果動(dòng)詞只有一個(gè)元音字母,而其后跟有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),將此輔音字母雙寫,再加-ing,如: hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting.
4. 如果動(dòng)詞有兩個(gè)音節(jié),且重音在第二個(gè)音節(jié)上,則末尾的輔音字母須雙寫,再加-ing,如: for’get-forgetting,pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting.試比較 ’benefit/benfiting, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,這些詞的重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié)上,因此其末尾的輔音字母不雙寫.
5. 以 -ic 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)先把 -ic 變?yōu)?ick,再加 -ing,eg: panic/panicking, picnic/ picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊變化要記住.
三、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定形式、否定形式、疑問(wèn)形式及其回答,所有變化都體現(xiàn)在助動(dòng)詞 be ( is / am / are ) 上。
1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定形式:主語(yǔ)+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分
I am singing . They are writing .
2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定形式:主語(yǔ)+be(am/ is/are)+not+doing+其他成分
I am not singing . They aren’t writing .
3)一般疑問(wèn)句及回答:be(am/ is/are)+ 主語(yǔ)+doing+其他成分
Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .
Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .
4)特殊疑問(wèn)句及回答:特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be(am/ is/are)+主語(yǔ)+doing+其他成分
What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提問(wèn)內(nèi)容具體回答).
2. 縮寫形式如下
I am---I’m You are---You’re He is---He’s She is---She’s
It is---It’s We are---We’re They are---They’re
四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志:look,listen,now(可判斷是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài))。