高一英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
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高一英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
高一英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)常考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：主謂一致
從廣義來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)中的一致問(wèn)題涉及多個(gè)方面，如主謂一致、人稱(chēng)的一致、并列結(jié)構(gòu)的前后一致等。由于人稱(chēng)的一致已歸入“代詞”考點(diǎn)、并列結(jié)構(gòu)的前后一致已分別歸入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)等，所以這里只歸納主謂一致問(wèn)題。
真題單句歸納：
(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car， talking to two men who was
helping him to repair it. (was 改為were，因先行詞 two men 是復(fù)數(shù)，所以修飾該先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù))
(全國(guó)卷)
(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give
us a sense of fair play and team spirit.(give 改為 gives，它與makes
為平行結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)
(3) But then there is always more mysteries to look into. (is 改為 are，因其后的
mysteries 為復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)) (北京春季卷)
(4) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was
out. (was改為were，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)their parents是復(fù)數(shù)，所以不用was要用were)(福建卷)
高一英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
錯(cuò)詞的情況最為復(fù)雜，大致可分為虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤、實(shí)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤、同(近)義、形似詞選擇錯(cuò)誤等。
虛詞選擇錯(cuò)誤
① 介詞或副詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：這種情況極為復(fù)雜，各種情況都有可能。這里只提供幾組作為參考：before / ago, among / between, after / in, below / under, on / above / over, across / through, except / besides, with / in(用), to / for (對(duì)于), like / as 等。
② 連詞選擇錯(cuò)誤或連詞與介詞混淆。如：because / for(since, as), if / whether, if / unless, so as / so that, hardly … when / no sooner… than, while / when, till / until等。
③ 感嘆句用詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：how / what。
④ 冠詞選擇錯(cuò)誤：a / an, a (an) / the。
實(shí)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤
① 名詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，特別注意不規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;名詞的所有格，特別注意不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，如：the children’s;名詞所有格的絕對(duì)形式。如：My son is older than my elder brother’s.
② 動(dòng)詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式錯(cuò)誤，特別注意幾組易于混淆的詞，如：lie(躺) / lie(說(shuō)謊) / lay;hang(掛) / hang(絞死);find / found(建立);fall / fell(砍倒);bear(忍受) / bear(生育)等的過(guò)去式與過(guò)去分詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法的選擇，特別是充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)是用過(guò)去分詞還是現(xiàn)在分詞(取決于主語(yǔ)、名詞中心詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系);在 to 后是用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞(取決于to是介詞還是小品詞);以及在并列結(jié)構(gòu)中后面動(dòng)詞的形式，必須與第 1 個(gè)動(dòng)詞保持一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)形式的選擇，是現(xiàn)在時(shí)還是過(guò)去時(shí)還是其他時(shí)態(tài);情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和 will(would), shall (should) 等助動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞形式的選擇(只能用原形)。
③ 形容詞與副詞詞形錯(cuò)誤：是用原級(jí)、比較級(jí)還是級(jí)，是加 more, most 還是加 -er, -est 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和級(jí)。
④ 詞性選擇錯(cuò)誤：不同的詞性充當(dāng)不同的句子成分，要注意實(shí)詞的詞性是否適合其功能，不符合則應(yīng)換用適當(dāng)?shù)呐缮~。其中特別要注意：連系動(dòng)詞后常用形容詞充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)，而不用副詞。如：He feels cold. 作狀語(yǔ)用副詞，而不用形容詞。如：He works well.
這里舉一些常見(jiàn)的例子：
accept / receive, alive, living / lively, allow / let, alone / lonely, aloud / loudly, already / yet / still, also / too / either, number / amount / quantity, answer / reply, asleep / sleepy / sleeping, bring / take / fetch / carry, clothes / clothing, deep / deeply, cost / spend / take / pay, hard / hardly, high / highly, job / work, late / lately, lend / borrow, raise / rise, say / speak / tell / talk, sit / seat, sound / noise / voice
高一英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
缺一介詞
① 有些動(dòng)詞后有時(shí)有介詞，有時(shí)沒(méi)有介詞，可能混淆而缺一介詞。如：attend a meeting, 但 attend ∧(to) the patient; prepare breakfast, 但 prepare∧ (for) the exam; join us, 但 join∧(in) a game.
② 表語(yǔ)形容詞通常具有動(dòng)詞意義，很可能誤以為是動(dòng)詞而漏掉介詞。如：be afraid ∧(of) nothing, be present ∧(at) the meeting, be sure ∧(about) it。
③ except, instead of, from, since, till, until 后面可跟另一介詞詞組充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)，可能會(huì)漏掉第 2 個(gè)介詞。如：He came on foot instead of ∧ (by) bike. big bear ran out from ∧ (behind) a tree.
④ hundreds, thousands 等后面可能漏掉 of。類(lèi)似的還有millions ∧ (of), dozens ∧ (of), scores ∧ (of)
缺一連詞
① 漢語(yǔ)常用意合法，分句與分句之間往往不用連詞，但英語(yǔ)里不行。如：
It began to rain, ∧ (and) they had to stop the match. (如果中間用分號(hào)可不用連詞)
It was late, ∧ (so) we went home.
You like sports, ∧ (while) I’d rather read.
He looked for the key, ∧ (but) didn’t find it.
② 受漢語(yǔ)影響，并列動(dòng)詞詞組之間可能缺一個(gè)and。如：
She smiled ∧ (and) said good-bye to her father.
③ 名詞性從句 that分句置于句首或作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)不可缺少連詞。如：
∧ (That) she is beautiful is known to us all.
We heard the news ∧ (that) our team had won.
④ even 后可能缺少 if 或 though。如：
He walks as ∧ (if 或 though) he were drunk.
缺一代詞
① 充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能缺少。如：
The accident ∧ (that) happened yesterday was very serious.
② 英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)替代前面的“the + 名詞”的 that(單數(shù))和 those(復(fù)數(shù))，在漢語(yǔ)中往往很可能漏掉。如：
The population of China is much larger than ∧ (that) of Japan.
These shirts are expensive, but∧ (those) which we saw the other day were even more expensive.
缺一助動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞 be
① 表語(yǔ)不是名詞時(shí)，可能缺少連系動(dòng)詞 be，因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)在這種情況下不用“是”。如：
He ∧ (is) afraid of his father.
The match ∧ (is) over.
② 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中缺少助動(dòng)詞 be，成了主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
He has ∧ (been) asked to sing in English.
③ 完成體中缺少助動(dòng)詞 have，成了一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
We realized that we ∧ (had) lost our way.
They ∧ (have) lived here since 1980.
④ 在倒裝句中缺少助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：
Hardly ∧ (had) I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
Seldom ∧ (do) I get invited into the office alone.
Only in this way ∧ (can) you learn English well.
缺一冠詞
① 在 such 或 so + 形容詞與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，不可缺 a (an)。如：
He is such ∧ (an) honest boy that all of us like him.
This is so good ∧ (a) book that I read it again.
② 表示“有些”時(shí)，little, few前面不可缺少 a。如：
Don’t hurry. There is ∧ (a) little time left.
③ many 前有 great, good 時(shí)，要加 a。如：∧(a) great many people.若 many 后接單數(shù)名詞，中間須有 a (an)。如：Many ∧ (a) man has tried it before.
④ 一些不可數(shù)名詞前，有形容詞修飾表示“一種(場(chǎng))等”時(shí)，要加 a (an)。如：
It’s ∧ (a) famous Chinese tea.
There was∧ (a) heavy rain last night.
⑤ 用專(zhuān)有名詞表示“一個(gè)像(叫)……的人”時(shí)，用 a (an), 如：
He wished to be ∧ (a) Lei Feng.
∧ (A) Mr Wang called you up just now.
⑥“形容詞比較級(jí) + of the two…”前必須用 the。如：
He is ∧ (the) better one of the two.
缺小品詞 to
① 不定式充當(dāng)各種成分，一般都不能缺少 to。如：
She went there ∧ (to) see her mother.
He asked me not ∧ (to) go there.
I have something important ∧ (to) tell you.
② make, let, have, see, hear, notice, observe, watch 等動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式前的 to需還原。如：
She was made ∧ (to) do heavy work.
The blind man was seen ∧ (to) cross the street.
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高一英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
