英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法原則就遠(yuǎn)原則
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法原則就遠(yuǎn)原則
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中有許多不是課堂能學(xué)到的東西，就例如就遠(yuǎn)原則，小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料，希望能幫助到您。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的就遠(yuǎn)原則
當(dāng)用作主語(yǔ)的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with等引出的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上要與這些結(jié)構(gòu)前面的主語(yǔ)保持一致(即與比較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致)。
基本簡(jiǎn)介
as well as;(together/along/combined)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart from, like, as much as, no less than,
例句
Nobody but two students is in the classroom.除了這兩個(gè)學(xué)生，沒(méi)有人在教室
Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你，大家都看不起我。
A woman with two children has come. 一位婦女帶著兩個(gè)孩子已經(jīng)來(lái)了。
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 約翰，而不是他的室友，應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。
Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同學(xué)一起看了這部電影。
My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan. 我的父親不亞于我也是個(gè)棒球迷。
The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但兒子想去那兒，而且他的父母也想去。
The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity. 老師也和同學(xué)們一樣對(duì)這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)有興趣。
具體分類
一、由 or，not only … but also …， either … or …， neither … nor …，not … but …等連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)就近原則來(lái)確定。
如：
You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .
He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .
二、“名詞 + 介詞 / 介詞短語(yǔ)( with，together with，along with，as well as 等) + 名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由介詞前的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。
如：
Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .
You as well as your brother have been accept-ed .
三、主語(yǔ)從句、不定式或動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
如：
What we can’t get seems better than what we have .
Taking more exercise is good for your health .
四、定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致;但“ one of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作先行詞時(shí)，如在 one 前有 the，the very，the only 等詞修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，若沒(méi)有，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如：
He is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .
He is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .
五、there be 句型中，be 的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由其后的名詞決定，如果有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞，則按就近原則決定。
如：
There is only a desk in the room .
There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .
There are two chairs and a desk in the room .
六、“ the + 形容詞”作主語(yǔ)表示一類人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
如：
The rich don’t understand the life of the poor .
初中英語(yǔ)的八種否定形式
· 01 ·
完全否定英語(yǔ)中的完全否定可以用：
not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, neither...nor, nowhere等表示。
如：
1.Nothing is difficult for him. 沒(méi)什么難得到他。
2.Mary never has beef. 瑪麗從來(lái)不吃牛肉。
3.Neither answer is correct. 兩種答案都不對(duì)。
· 02 ·
部分否定英語(yǔ)中表示“全體”意義的代詞, 形容詞或副詞。
如：all, both, altogether, always, completely, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere, every, everybody, many, often等
與not搭配時(shí)，通常表示部分否定，意思是“并非都是”“不完全是”“不是每個(gè)都是”等。
如：
1.Not everyone was amused by these April Fool's jokes.
并不是每個(gè)人都覺(jué)得這些玩笑有趣。
2.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. 對(duì)食物的好惡似乎并不總與營(yíng)養(yǎng)有關(guān)。
比較：
Nothing makes him happy.
(全部否定)沒(méi)有哪一件事情讓他開心。
Not everything makes him happy.
(部分否定)并不是每一件事都讓他開心。
None of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(完全否定)上周沒(méi)有一個(gè)學(xué)生去參觀科技博物館。
Not all of the students went to visit the science museum last week.(部分否定)上周并不是所有的學(xué)生都去參觀了科技博物館。
· 03·
幾乎否定一些半否定詞表否定之意。他們不可再與否定詞連用，他們與謂語(yǔ)肯定式連用，構(gòu)成幾乎否定句。
如：hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等詞。
如：
1.I could hardly hear what he said.
我?guī)缀鯖](méi)聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他說(shuō)了什么。
2.There is little water in the bottle, isn't there?
瓶子里幾乎沒(méi)有水，不是嗎?
· 04 ·
雙重否定雙重否定句由【not + 具有否定意義的詞】構(gòu)成，形成“否定+否定=肯定”的語(yǔ)言效果。
雙重否定可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可以表示委婉的含義。
如：
1.Her name can't escape me forever.
我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了她的名字。
2.The songs never fail to make the children smile.
這些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。
· 05 ·
轉(zhuǎn)移否定轉(zhuǎn)移否定，即句中的否定雖然出現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)部分，否定范圍卻不在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞本身，而轉(zhuǎn)移到了句子中的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或其他成分上。這種形式在初中比較常見(jiàn)的有以下兩種情況：
1.轉(zhuǎn)移否定多用于表思維活動(dòng)
如：believe(相信), expect(期望), hope(希望), imagine(想象), think(認(rèn)為)等。
例如：
I don't think he will pass the exam.
我認(rèn)為他考試會(huì)不及格的。
2.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是表感覺(jué)的系動(dòng)詞，通常也用于轉(zhuǎn)移否定句
這類動(dòng)詞有：seem(好像), feel(感覺(jué)), appear(出現(xiàn)), look like(看起來(lái)像)等。
如：
It doesn't look like it's going to rain.=It looks like it isn't going to rain. 好象不會(huì)下雨。
No matter how hard he studies, he never seems to be able to pass the exam. 不管他多么努力的學(xué)習(xí)，他似乎永遠(yuǎn)也考不及格。
· 06 ·
運(yùn)用某些結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)否定意義1.too...to 太……而不能
He is too tired to walk. 他太累了，走不動(dòng)了。
2.more A than B(與其B不如A)或more than +含有can的從句
The young man is more brave than wise.
這年輕人有勇無(wú)謀。
The gratitude for your help is more than I can express.
對(duì)于你給我的感激之情我無(wú)法言表。
3.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 寧愿(喜歡)……而不愿……，如：
He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them.
他喜歡自己寫信而不愿口授自己的信。
· 07 ·
運(yùn)用含否定意義的詞或詞組表否定意義1.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)表否定意義
如：
differ from 與……不同
prefer...to... 喜歡……而不喜歡……
keep/prevent/stop/protect ... from 阻止，使……不
keep off 不接近， 不讓……接近
lose sight of 看不見(jiàn)
例如：
The Great Green Wall stops the sand from moving to the rich land in the south.
綠色長(zhǎng)城阻止了風(fēng)沙吹向南方肥沃的田地。
He lost sight of his wife and went away alone.
他沒(méi)看見(jiàn)他的妻子，獨(dú)自走了。
Sally prefers singing to dancing.
莎麗喜歡唱歌而不喜歡跳舞。
2.動(dòng)詞表否定意義
如，absent(缺席), fail(不及格), refuse(拒絕), miss(未趕上，錯(cuò)過(guò)), escape(被……忘掉)等。
例如：
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?
昨天你為什么不來(lái)上學(xué)?
He missed the 9:30 train and therefore missed the accident.
他沒(méi)趕上9:30的那班火車,也因此而逃過(guò)那次車禍.
3.介詞表否定意義
without(無(wú)，沒(méi)有), against(反對(duì)), beyond(超出，無(wú)法), except/but(除……外), past(超過(guò)), off(離開), above(超出……之外)等。
例如：
I can't finish the work without your help.
沒(méi)有你的幫助,我完不成這工作。
His conduct has always been above suspicion.
他的行為一直無(wú)可置疑。
His stupidity is past all belief.
他的愚蠢簡(jiǎn)直不可思義。
· 08 ·
運(yùn)用連詞before unless等
引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)表否定意義如：
WangWei went to bed before he finished his homework.
王偉沒(méi)完成作業(yè)就睡覺(jué)了。
Unless you put on your overcoat, you'll catch a cold.
如果你不穿大衣,你就會(huì)感冒。
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