主語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)從句_主語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解
在英語(yǔ)中，主語(yǔ)從句是非常重要的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句涉及的知識(shí)也非常多，需要我們耐心去理解，要不然容易混淆。下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)從句_主語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法詳解，以供大家參考，我們一起來(lái)看看吧!
▼主語(yǔ)從句的概念與類型
主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that, whether以及連接代詞who, what,which, whoever, whatever, whichever和連接副詞when, where, why, how等.
例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她當(dāng)選了使我們很高興.
What caused the accident is a completemystery.
是什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故還完全是一個(gè)謎.
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否來(lái)還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題.
Which team will win the match is stillunknown.
哪個(gè)隊(duì)會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不知道.
Whoever comes to the party will receive apresent.
參加聚會(huì)的每一個(gè)人都將收到一份禮物.
When they will start has not been decidedyet.
他們何時(shí)出發(fā)還沒(méi)決定.
注意:上述例句中的主語(yǔ)從句都是放在句首,但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免"頭重腳輕",常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面.
例如:
It is a pity that she has made such amistake.
她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,真是遺憾.
It depends on the climate whether they aregoing shopping today.
他們是否今天去購(gòu)物還得看天氣情況.
這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:
1)It is + adj. / n. +從句
It is a pity/shame that...遺憾的是……
It is possible that...很可能……
It is unlikely that...不可能……
2)It +不及物動(dòng)詞+從句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
3)It + be +過(guò)去分詞+從句
It is said that...據(jù)說(shuō)……
It is known to all that...眾所周知……
It is reported that...據(jù)報(bào)道……
It is believed that...據(jù)信……;人們相信……
It is suggested that...有人建議……
It must be pointed out that...必須指出……
It has been proved that...已證明…….
例如:
It is believed that at least a score ofbuildings were damaged or destroyed.
據(jù)信,至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉.
It is suggested that the meeting should beput off.
有人建議會(huì)議延期召開.
It's reported that three people were killedin the accident and five were hurt badly.
據(jù)報(bào)道,事故中三人喪生,五人重傷.
It is known to all that Taiwan is aninseparable part of China.
眾所周知,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分.
▼主語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)法
<例句>
It's certain that prices will go up.
物價(jià)肯定要上漲的。
<語(yǔ)法分析>
主語(yǔ)從句可以由that引導(dǎo)，此外還可由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞what或whatever也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。由that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是用的最多的一種主語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可以把從句放在句首，而絕大部分主語(yǔ)從句則借助先行主語(yǔ)放到句子后部去。
<觸類旁通>
(1)That she hasn't phoned is odd.
她沒(méi)有來(lái)電話很奇怪。
語(yǔ)法分析：that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。
(2)That he was chosen made a tremendous stir in his village.
他被選中在他村子里引起很大轟動(dòng)。
語(yǔ)法分析：有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或謂語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，可以把從句放在句首。
(3)It is natural that they should have different views.
他們有不同觀點(diǎn)是很自然的。
語(yǔ)法分析：it+be+形容詞或名詞+that從句。
(4)It happened that he wasn't in that day.
恰巧他那天不在。
語(yǔ)法分析：it+動(dòng)詞+that從句。
(5)It's doubtful whether we'll be able to come.
我們是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)疑問(wèn)。
語(yǔ)法分析：連接代詞或連接副詞可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
(6)What will be,will be.
該發(fā)生的事，總會(huì)發(fā)生。
語(yǔ)法分析：關(guān)系代詞型what也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
<鞏固練習(xí)>
(1)______ he is still alive is a consolation.
(2)It's strange ______ she knows nothing about it.
(3)It may be ______ you'll prove yourself the most suitable.
(4)______ is to be sent there hasn't been decided.
(5)It was clear enough ______ she meant.
(6)______ is over is over.
(7)______ he says goes.
(8)______ she saw made her tremble.
<參考答案>
(1)That (2)that (3)that (4)What (5)what (6)What (7)Whatever (8)What
▼主語(yǔ)從句的注意問(wèn)題
1)引導(dǎo)詞that與what
what既有引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的作用,同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等).這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that...,常譯成"所……的(東西、事情、話等.)";而that只起連接作用,本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義,在從句中也不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分.但that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),不能省略that.
例如:
What is done can't be undone.
(諺語(yǔ))已成定局,無(wú)可挽回.
What we can't get seems better than what wehave.
我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好. That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serioussituation is important.
我們應(yīng)該制定一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃來(lái)應(yīng)付目前嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì),這一點(diǎn)非常重要.
That a new teacher will come to teach usgeography is true.
一位新老師將來(lái)教我們地理,這是真的.
▼主語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)氣
在It is necessary / natural/ important / strange...+ that-clause
這類句型里,that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should+原形",表虛似語(yǔ)氣.
例如:
It is necessary that the problem should besettled at once.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須馬上解決.
It's strange that he should have gone awaywithout telling us.
他竟然沒(méi)向我們說(shuō)一聲就走了,真是奇怪.
鞏固練習(xí)
15. It isnecessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B.should master C. mastered D. will master
四、以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別
"It be + adj./n. + that-clause"與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型均有It be...that...之類的語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志,但不同的是:①前者中的that從句是主語(yǔ)從句.若刪掉其中的It be和that,則剩余部分不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語(yǔ)意都不能成為一個(gè)句子;但若將后者中的It be和that去掉,則剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意仍能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子.②強(qiáng)調(diào)句型譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之類的字眼,而主語(yǔ)從句則不可以.
請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)句子:
It is surprising that Mary should have wonfirst place.
令人驚奇的是瑪莉竟然獲得了第一名. It is Mary that has won first place.
正是瑪莉得了第一名.
第一句話中的It是形式主語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句.句中的It is和that無(wú)法刪除,一旦刪除句子就不成立.
第二句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因?yàn)闆](méi)有It is和that句子仍然很通順.
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