副詞的用法分類和作用
副詞是高考的一個基本考點。副詞是一種用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個句子的詞,可說明時間、地點、 程度、頻率、方式和關(guān)系等內(nèi)容。下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼母痹~的用法分類和作用,希望大家喜歡!
副詞的含義和分類
時間副詞有today, yesterday, before, now, then, shortly, eventually等;
地點副詞有here, there, inside, outside, aboard, abroad, downtown, downstairs, everywhere等;
方式副詞有carefully, slowly, suddenly, cautiously, patiently, illegally等;
程度副詞有much, very, rather, quite, hardly, almost, merely, simply, absolutely, totally, entirely,generally等;
頻率副詞有usually, sometimes, never, always, often, frequently等;
關(guān)系副詞有thus, so, therefore, however, consequently, additionally, besides等;
還有一類副詞可表示某種語氣、情感,一般用來修飾全句,如:importantly, obviously, luckily, fortunately, unfortunately等。
掌握副詞的分類及含義能幫助同學(xué)們快速理解語境,并熟練運用副詞表達(dá)程度、關(guān)系及情感態(tài)度。
例1 (2014·全國卷Ⅱ) Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 70 (sudden) became friendly to one another.
解析 suddenly。sudden意為“突然”,修飾的應(yīng)是謂語became friendly,而非stranger,只有副詞才能修飾謂語動詞,所以此處應(yīng)將形容詞sudden變?yōu)楦痹~suddenly填入。
例2 (2015·廣東卷) 2 (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.
解析 Luckily。此句應(yīng)該表達(dá)的是“他還有頭每天產(chǎn)奶的牛這事是幸運的”,所以填的詞應(yīng)該修飾全句,要用副詞。luckily表達(dá)的是一種語氣情感。
副詞的位置
1. 修飾形容詞或副詞的副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞或副詞之前。如:
This kind of material is rather cheap. (rather修飾形容詞cheap)
He got up surprisingly early. (surprisingly修飾副詞early)
2. 副詞若修飾謂語動詞,分兩種情況:
所修飾的謂語若只有實意動詞,則副詞一般放在實意動詞之后,如listen carefully, think logically, organize well, go abroad, go downstairs等;所修飾的謂語如果既有實意動詞又有助動詞,則副詞往往放在助動詞之后、實意動詞之前。如:
The population of Shanghai is rapidly increasing.
She has already resigned from this position.
了解副詞的位置,能幫助判斷題目考查的是不是副詞。
例3 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) Recent studies (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular).
解析 regularly。第67空同學(xué)們通過觀察可知形容詞位于動詞短語take short breaks之后,只能將其變?yōu)楦痹~,因為只有副詞才能修飾動詞,且副詞修飾實意動詞時一般位于實意動詞之后。
例4 (2016·全國卷Ⅰ) The title will be 63, (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
解析 officially。此句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)為will be given, 分析可知只有副詞才能修飾謂語動詞,且副詞放在助動詞之后、實意動詞之前,符合表達(dá)習(xí)慣,所以此空需將official變?yōu)閛fficially填入。
特殊情況
1. 不是所有的副詞都是-ly結(jié)尾,帶-ly后綴的詞不一定是副詞,比如likely, lovely, friendly, lively, deadly, weekly, daily就是形容詞。
2. 有類動詞像系動詞一樣可以用主動形式表達(dá)被動意義,但是它們不是系動詞,因而其后要接副詞而不是形容詞。如:
The book sells well.
The cloth dries easily.
3. 有的副詞加-ly后綴還是副詞,但意思有所改變。如:
We should study hard.
He can hardly get in touch with the boss.
這里hardly為表達(dá)否定意義的副詞。又如:deep, wide, high, direct等副詞變?yōu)閐eeply, widely, narrowly, highly, directly后意義由具體變?yōu)槌橄?。試比較:
The rescuers are digging deep.
I’m deeply touched by his words.
Open your mouth wide.
English is widely used all over the world.
The plane can fly high.
The headmaster thought highly of my sister.
You can fly to Paris direct.
Directly after lunch we were packed and ready to go.
4. 有些副詞與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時或過去進(jìn)行時連用,表達(dá)的是喜惡等情感、態(tài)度。這些副詞有forever, always, often, constantly等。如:
He is constantly scolding me.
Mary is always helping others.
5. 還要注意對副詞的比較級或最高級的考查。
例5 (2014·廣東卷) After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months 17 (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.
解析 earlier。此句中表達(dá)的是“早在六個月前就訂好了賓館”,所以考查的是early的比較級earlier“更早的時候”。
6. 還有可能考查特殊句式,如the more ..., the more ...。
例6 (2014·遼寧卷) The 68 (hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.
解析 harder。此句意為“你打他打得越狠,你自己受到打擊的可能性越大”。用的是特殊句式the more ..., the more ...,故應(yīng)將hard變?yōu)閔arder。
7. 最后還有一些副詞隨著時間的推移具有了連詞的功能,可以引導(dǎo)狀語從句。如:
The girl burst into tears immediately she saw her mother.
All the students became silent instantly they caught a glimpse of their headteacher.
在這里immediately, instantly表示“一……就……”,相當(dāng)于as soon as/the moment, 起的是連詞的作用。
總之,在我們掌握了副詞的含義、用法及相關(guān)注意事項的前提下,遇到語法填空題中的形容詞,就要判斷它修飾的對象:如果修飾謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句,就可直接將它變?yōu)楦痹~;如果空中給的是副詞,則很可能考查它的比較級、最高級。
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副詞的用法分類和作用
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