高考英語寫作技巧匯總
高考英語作文字?jǐn)?shù)要求不多,但是由于不少同學(xué)平時(shí)缺乏對寫作的專門訓(xùn)練,對英語寫作不得要領(lǐng),仍然在考試時(shí)犯怵。那么,怎樣才能寫出一篇優(yōu)秀的高考英語作文呢?小編分享以下高考英語寫作技巧:
高考英語寫作技巧一:
(一)掌握技巧:
(1)注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu),合理布局
開始部分(opening paragraph)——說出文中的要點(diǎn)、核心問題。
正文部分(Body paragraphs)——圍繞主題開展敘述、討論。
結(jié)尾部分(concluding paragraphs)——對全文的總結(jié)和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之間必須是有機(jī)地聯(lián)系,內(nèi)容完整、連貫。前后呼應(yīng),祛除與主題無關(guān)的內(nèi)容.
(2)確定主題句
主題句是對全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開頭,而后,全文對主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋,擴(kuò)展。
寫主題句應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
?、贇w納出你要寫的文章的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)
?、谔釤挸鲆痪渚哂懈爬ㄐ缘脑?/p>
?、壑黝}句應(yīng)具有可讀性,抓住、吸引讀者。
(二)巧用連接詞
要想使文章有整體性、連貫性,就要學(xué)會正確使用連接詞
表示羅列增加
First, second, third,
First, then / next, after that / next, finally
For one thing … for another…,
On (the) one hand…on the other hand,
Besides / what’s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,
Especially / In particular,
表示時(shí)間順序
now, at present, recently,
after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,
at first, in the beginning, to begin with,
later, next, finally,
immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment
form now on, from then on,
at the same time, meanwhile,
till, not…until, before, after, when, while, as during,
表示解釋說明
now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover
furthermore, in fact, actually
表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other
hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,
表示并列關(guān)系
or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor
表示因果關(guān)系
because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…, therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that
表示條件關(guān)系
as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
表示讓步關(guān)系
though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however, whoever,
whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)
表示舉例
for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example
表示比較
be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,
表示目的
for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,
表示強(qiáng)調(diào)
in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,
表示概括歸納
in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion,
(三)掌握常用句型:
臺灣英語資源網(wǎng) http://www.esl.tw 里面有很多,下面只列舉比較常用的。
1. in order to
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢想,他學(xué)習(xí)非常努力。
He worked very hard in order to realize his dream. 2. in order that
她拼命干活以便到六點(diǎn)時(shí)把一切都準(zhǔn)備就緒。
She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock..
3. so…that
他們太累了,除了伸懶腰什么都做不了了。
They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.
4. such…that
天氣非常冷,以致于街上一個(gè)人都沒有。
It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.
5. would rather do…than do
他寧愿聽他人講而不愿自己說。
He would rather listen to others than talk himself.
6. prefer doing to doing
他寧愿在精心準(zhǔn)備后去做報(bào)告。
He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.
7. prefer to do…rather than do
比起女人,男人總是寧可在家睡覺也不愿花那么多時(shí)間來購物。
Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.
8. not only…but also
在短短的三年的時(shí)間里她不但完成了所有課程,而且還獲得了博士學(xué)位。
In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctor’s degree.
9. either…or
如果考試過關(guān),你可以買一個(gè)MP3或去云南玩一趟。
You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.
10. Neither…nor
他是一個(gè)無聊的人,既不愛娛樂,也不愛讀書。
He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.
11. as well as
他善良又樂于助人。
He was kind as well as helpful.
12. …as well
這個(gè)小孩活潑又可愛。
The child is active and funny as well.
13. One…the other
你看見桌子上有兩只筆嗎?一支是紅色的,另一支是黑色的。
Have you seen two pens on the desk? One is red, the other is black.
14. Some…others
每個(gè)人都很忙,有些在讀書,有些在寫作。
Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.
15. make…+adj /n
我們所做的可以讓世界更美麗。
What we do will make the world more beautiful.
16. not…until
直到他告訴我發(fā)生的事,我才了解真相。
I didn’t know the truth until she told me what happened.
17. as if
他夸夸其談好像什么事都知道。
He talks a lot as if he knows everything.
18. It is no use (good) doing…
假裝不懂規(guī)則是行不通的。
It’s no use pretending that you didn’t know the rules.
19. find it + adj to do…
我覺得作聽力時(shí)有必要作筆記。
I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.
20. It is + time since…
我已經(jīng)有兩年沒見他了。
It is two years since I last met him.
21. It is + time when…
我到電影院時(shí)已經(jīng)八點(diǎn)鐘了。
It was 8 o’clock when I got to the cinema.
22. It is + time before…
不久我們就會再見面的。
I won’t be long before we can meet again.
23. It is…that…
我最珍視的是友誼。
It is friendship that I value most.
24. It is + n / adj + that / to do…
每個(gè)人都必須懂得如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)
It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.
高考英語寫作技巧二:
書面表達(dá)在評閱時(shí)遵循語言第一位(即使用較高級詞匯),內(nèi)容第二位(即寫作要點(diǎn)要齊全),結(jié)構(gòu)第三位(即文章要分段)的原則。閱卷老師根據(jù)語言使用情況、亮點(diǎn)的多少而定出得分檔次,所以考生語言上的亮點(diǎn)是得高分的關(guān)鍵。
語言亮點(diǎn)一共有四種:
1.高級詞匯和語法
2.修辭手法
3.有效的連詞
首先,簡單介紹一下其中高級語法以及修辭手法的使用。
一、雙重否定句的運(yùn)用
雙重否定是常見的修辭手法,例如表達(dá)“這個(gè)小伙子天天準(zhǔn)時(shí)到”,如果寫成“The young man comes on time every day”就不如變成雙重否定句“The young man never fails to come on time”更精彩;同樣,“幾乎每個(gè)人對生活的態(tài)度都不同程度受到地震的影響”,寫成雙重否定句“There was hardly a man or woman whose attitude towards life had not affected by the earthquake”就出彩得多。恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂秒p重否定肯定會在高考中得高分。
二、倒裝句比陳述句占優(yōu)勢
在書面表達(dá)中,倒裝句是閱卷老師喜歡看到的高級語法之一。倒裝是一種簡單易行的使句子呈現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn)的方法。在高中階段只需掌握四種倒裝形式就足以應(yīng)對書面表達(dá)。我們?yōu)橥瑢W(xué)們列出了一些方法和技巧。
1.用否定詞開頭:
如果寫出的句子中有否定詞,例如“1 will never do that again.”就不如變成倒裝句,用否定詞開頭:‘'Never will I do that again.”類似這樣的否定詞還有更多,如not,seldom,hardly等。
2.地點(diǎn)狀語開頭:
一個(gè)建筑的位置,什么地方有什么東西,緊挨著、對面、后面有什么建筑、場所等,都可以應(yīng)用倒裝。例如在2006年的全國卷中,表達(dá)圖書館位于學(xué)校的中央:Our library is in the center of our school,變成倒裝就用地點(diǎn)狀語開頭:In the center of our school lies our library.再如,河岸上有很多高樓:There are many buildings on the bank of the fiver換成倒裝句為:On the bank stand many high buildings;天空中繁星點(diǎn)點(diǎn):In the sky hang little twinkling stars.總之,在表達(dá)地點(diǎn)時(shí),把地點(diǎn)狀語放在句首,后面主謂進(jìn)行倒裝。例如:In the center of our school lies our library,which is between the garden and the teaching building.
3.Only+介詞短語開頭:
2007年全國卷中,作文內(nèi)容是讓外教幫你找個(gè)筆友,如果表達(dá)“只有通過這種方式我才能提高英語”的意思,就可以寫成“Only in this way can I improve my English.”其他的例子還有:Only by taking exercises can we keep healthy.
4.形容詞+as+主語+必動(dòng)詞:
例如“Young as I am,I can manage it;Rich as our country is,we have a lot ofproblems.”還有其他的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),比如“很高興收到的你的來信”:So glad am I to hear from you.
因此,在高考書面表達(dá)中要盡量使用一兩個(gè)倒裝,使語句生動(dòng)別樣,為贏得高分打好基礎(chǔ)。
三、適當(dāng)?shù)谋粍?dòng)要比主動(dòng)妙
與中文表達(dá)不同,在英文中,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用是很重要的。翻開英語版名著,可以看到大量的被動(dòng)句。英語中經(jīng)常用物稱或形式主語開頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事發(fā)生在什么人身上,而漢語經(jīng)常用人稱開頭,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)人發(fā)生了什么事。如果能在整篇文章中恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂帽粍?dòng)語態(tài)語句,不僅會豐富文章的句型的變化,而且會使表達(dá)更加地道。例如
在2006年的高考中,很多學(xué)生在表達(dá)“我們每次可以借五本書,最多借十天”時(shí),都是用:We can borrow five books at most,and we can keep them for ten days.這句話如果寫成At most five books can be borrowed at a time and they can be kept for ten days的話,效果會更好。
四、適當(dāng)應(yīng)用非謂結(jié)構(gòu)的語句
在閱卷過程中,閱卷老師最喜歡看到的莫過于非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)中的獨(dú)立主格和分詞結(jié)構(gòu),但很多學(xué)生不知道如何在文章中使用這個(gè)最大的亮點(diǎn)。其實(shí),幾乎所有的狀語從句都可以變成獨(dú)立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。如何變成獨(dú)立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)呢?把握以下三步驟:去連詞、看主語、改分詞。
按照這三步驟來改條件狀語從句If such is the case,you should apologize to her.
第一步,去掉連詞if;
第二步,看前后兩句話的主語,前后主語不一致,因此要改成獨(dú)立主格
第三步,改分詞,is變成分詞是being,所以最后變成Such being the case,you should apologize to her.就完成了條件狀語從句向獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換。如果前后兩句話主語一致,就變成分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例如2005年高考書面表達(dá)中的一句話Because I am a student,I'd like to know the price for the students就可以改成Being a student,I'd like to know the price for students.如果要表達(dá)“由于…”、“因?yàn)椤薄ⅰ叭绻钡?,寫成?dú)立主格或分詞結(jié)構(gòu)會讓閱卷老師多多加分。
總之,高考書面表達(dá)的關(guān)鍵在正確使用詞匯、語法的前提下寫出讓閱卷老師看了眼前一亮的句子,即有分詞結(jié)構(gòu)、倒裝、強(qiáng)調(diào)、修辭的句子,并有效地使用連接成分使文章連貫。
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高考英語寫作技巧匯總
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