高三英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧方法大全
寫(xiě)作作為英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)一直為師生所關(guān)注。但在實(shí)際的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中,一些學(xué)生將更多的時(shí)間投入到見(jiàn)效較快的詞匯、英語(yǔ)閱讀等部分,而忽略了英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作問(wèn)題。接下來(lái)是小編為大家整理的高三英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧方法大全，希望大家喜歡!
高三英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧方法大全一
想寫(xiě)這篇文章，是因?yàn)樵谠u(píng)改作文的時(shí)候，筆者總是看到一些考生在文章的開(kāi)頭使用“It goes without saying that …”或“There’s no denying the fact that …”等套話。還有一些考生使用更長(zhǎng)、更復(fù)雜的套話，比如，仿照《獨(dú)立宣言》的首句，寫(xiě)成：“We hold these truths to be self-evident that …”或者仿照簡(jiǎn)?奧斯丁在小說(shuō)《傲慢與偏見(jiàn)》中的寫(xiě)法，寫(xiě)成：“It is a truth universally acknowledged that …”筆者經(jīng)常想，這種只占字?jǐn)?shù)、不表達(dá)思想的句子在作文中出現(xiàn)，考官會(huì)怎么看?他們會(huì)覺(jué)得考生的寫(xiě)作水平高嗎?考生當(dāng)然也很無(wú)奈：要完成一篇250~300個(gè)詞的英文文章，如果不寫(xiě)這些套話，要寫(xiě)夠字?jǐn)?shù)，還不能寫(xiě)得太簡(jiǎn)單，那都寫(xiě)什么呀?
看來(lái)，問(wèn)題不在于該不該寫(xiě)這些套話，而在于如果不寫(xiě)套話，那么考生該用什么來(lái)取代它們，以使作文簡(jiǎn)練、流暢而不裝腔作勢(shì)。下面筆者列出幾種套話寫(xiě)作的處理方法，和大家共享。
方法一：寧寫(xiě)一詞、不寫(xiě)一句
這種方法主要用于替換引言套句。具體的辦法是將主題句前面的“It goes without saying that …”“There’s no denying the fact that…”等引言套句換成一個(gè)副詞，直接引出主題句。比如，考生寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)”的文章，一般都會(huì)習(xí)慣性地用引言套句引出主題句，寫(xiě)成：“It goes without saying that the Internet has offered people a way to communicate.”(句子1)還有些擔(dān)心字?jǐn)?shù)不夠的考生甚至把上述句子擴(kuò)充為：“I’m quite certain that a growing of number of people, youngsters in particular, would agree that the Internet has offered people a way to communicate.”坦率地講，在最初用英文寫(xiě)作時(shí)，筆者也經(jīng)常用這樣的句子，而且每次用心中都會(huì)感到一種巨大的“成就感”。但你對(duì)英文寫(xiě)作熟悉了之后，就會(huì)慢慢發(fā)現(xiàn)，上述句子中的“I’m quite certain that a growing number of people, youngsters in particular, would agree that”(句子2)除了占用了你策劃主題句的時(shí)間，實(shí)在沒(méi)有什么實(shí)用價(jià)值。
相反，如果寫(xiě)作時(shí)不寫(xiě)這樣的套句，而直接用副詞引出主題句，則不光觀點(diǎn)鮮明、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)練，還能讓考官一眼看到主題。以上句為例，我們不如干脆寫(xiě)成：“Undeniably, the Internet has offered people a way to communicate.”(句子3)這豈不更為簡(jiǎn)練?所以，考生與其花時(shí)間去背誦和主題無(wú)關(guān)的引言，還不如把精力放在主題句本身的錘煉上，完善結(jié)構(gòu)，增加修辭，把主題句寫(xiě)精致。比如上面的句子，我們可以進(jìn)一步改寫(xiě)成：“Undeniably, the Internet has revolutionized the ways people communicate.”(句子4)大家可以對(duì)比一下句子2和句子4，顯然句子4的結(jié)構(gòu)和修辭更有英語(yǔ)的韻味。
類似的替換寫(xiě)法很多，以下是一些常用的替換寫(xiě)法，大家可以參考：
1. “It is an indisputable fact that …”換成“Undeniably, …”
2. “We hold it truth to be self-evident that …”換成“Evidently, …”
3. “There’s no denying the fact that …”換成“Undeniably, …”
4. “It is a well-known fact that …”換成“Not surprisingly, …”
5. “Even more worrying is the fact that …”換成“Even more disturbingly, …”
6. “It is obviously that …”換成“Obviously, …”
7. “It is vitally important that換成“More importantly, …”
方法二：巧用結(jié)構(gòu)，替換空話
諸如“with the development of our society”這樣的句子可能是中國(guó)考生最愛(ài)寫(xiě)的一類套話了。考生通常會(huì)把這類套話安排在主題句的前面，美其名曰“先交代時(shí)代背景，再引出主題句”。這類套話還會(huì)衍生出無(wú)數(shù)“變種”，比較夸張的寫(xiě)法是：“Along with the dramatic economic growth and groundbreaking social and psychological displacement, there’s an urgent demand that our country have more newspapers and magazines.”看過(guò)上千篇“范文”的考官一眼就能看出“Along with the dramatic economic growth and groundbreaking social and psychological displacement, there’s an urgent demand that”是“湊字”的空話。
那么該如何替換這一類空話呢?其中一個(gè)辦法是使用“……很重要，我們要重視”這樣的句子形成主題句，然后對(duì)“……很重要，我們要重視”這個(gè)意思進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)變換或修辭處理，使用詞和結(jié)構(gòu)更加多樣化。下面用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)解析的方法來(lái)逐一分析“……很重要，我們要重視”的表達(dá)方式。
1. 用“主?系?表”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。“主?系?表”結(jié)構(gòu)是英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中最為基礎(chǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)，它的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“名詞+be (變形)+形容詞”。在用該結(jié)構(gòu)替換上文所述空洞無(wú)物的套話時(shí)，可以使用“not only +形容詞, but also +形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，比如寫(xiě)成：“… is not only necessary, but also indispensable”，然后后面再補(bǔ)充一句：“and that’s why we are supposed to emphasize its central position in our society.”這樣就能成功將“隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展”這一空話替換下來(lái)。
2. 用“主?謂?賓”結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)。上文中的句子還可以這樣表達(dá)：“… plays a significant part in our society, so it is essential that its position be emphasized.”細(xì)心的考生可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然是表達(dá)同一個(gè)意思，但“主?系?表”結(jié)構(gòu)和“主?謂?賓”結(jié)構(gòu)采用了不同的句子形式，這兩種表達(dá)方式都直接、有效。
3. 用否定句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表達(dá)。否定句和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)合起來(lái)使用能使表達(dá)更加多樣，也更具客觀性，如：“The central position of … cannot be ignored. So we are expected to underscore its importance in our society.”
4. 用until正話反說(shuō)或反話正說(shuō)?？梢杂谩啊?has been overlooked until recently. But …”這一句型來(lái)為“……很重要，我們要重視”這個(gè)意思做鋪墊，從而使句意表達(dá)更加生動(dòng)，比如：“The importance of … has been in large measure overlooked until recently. But nowadays, it is not only necessary, but also indispensable in our society. ”
5. 將“重視”和“重要”的順序顛倒，先寫(xiě)“重視”，再寫(xiě)“重要”。比如：“We are supposed to emphasize its central position in our society, because it is not only necessary, but also indispensable.”
方法三：用好“數(shù)據(jù)論證”，學(xué)會(huì)沒(méi)話找話
“數(shù)據(jù)論證”這個(gè)方法像把雙刃劍，一方面它很管用，寫(xiě)得好的話，能形成流暢的論證過(guò)程;而另一方面，它有點(diǎn)像“謊話”，如果寫(xiě)不好，數(shù)據(jù)組織和延伸句之間不通順，一看就像編“故事”，反而影響成績(jī)。所以，建議經(jīng)驗(yàn)較豐富的寫(xiě)作“高手”使用該方法。考生在使用這一方法時(shí)，可以巧妙地把數(shù)據(jù)論證和延伸句結(jié)合成一個(gè)整體。比如，《新概念英語(yǔ)》第三冊(cè)第九課中，L.G. Alexander就曾用數(shù)據(jù)論證的辦法證明“貓有九條命，是摔不死的”：
… they have nine lives. Apparently, there’s a great deal of truth in this idea. A cat’s ability to survive falls is based on fact. Recently, the New York Animal Center made a study of 132 cats over a period of five months. All these experience have one thing in common: they have fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries.
劃線部分的句子將研究機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)字、實(shí)驗(yàn)期限三個(gè)要素串接在一起，插接在主題句“they have nine lives”和延伸句“they have fallen off high buildings, yet only eight of them died from shock or injuries”之間，形成了一個(gè)有效的鋪墊。這種寫(xiě)法雖然有點(diǎn)“耗字?jǐn)?shù)”，但是對(duì)于寫(xiě)作時(shí)無(wú)話可說(shuō)的考生來(lái)說(shuō)，也不失為一個(gè)好的選擇。
考生可以仿照上述文章的數(shù)據(jù)寫(xiě)作方法，采取“機(jī)構(gòu)名稱+調(diào)查數(shù)字+調(diào)查期限”的寫(xiě)法寫(xiě)成句子，插接在主題句和延伸句之間。例如，考生可以將中間的鋪墊句寫(xiě)成以下形式：
1. As can be seen in a recent survey by the China Daily, at least three out of every five interviewees believed that +延伸句
2. Recently the Beijing Youth made a study of 1,132 citizens for a period of two months. Despite their genders, occupations, religious background, social status and income levels, there is one thing in common: +延伸句
3. CCTV interviewed five people from five cities—they are from Harbin, Beijing, Tannin, Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively. The survey showed that +延伸句, in spite of their birthplace, educational background and socio-economical status.
高三英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧方法大全二
1.審題草率，偏離主題，缺漏要點(diǎn)或無(wú)限發(fā)揮。
對(duì)策：制定合理的答題方案，完成書(shū)表要安排足夠的時(shí)間，一般 20-25 分鐘。下筆前，認(rèn)真審題，弄清文章的主題、體裁、時(shí)態(tài)等，歸納出內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)，列出提綱，打草稿，用 8-10 句英語(yǔ)句子表達(dá)出來(lái)，切勿匆匆下筆。另外，注意根據(jù)需要適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，一般一至兩句，不可無(wú)限發(fā)揮而影響了重要內(nèi)容的表達(dá)。
2.思路混亂，從頭至尾只有一段，或隨意、過(guò)多地分段，發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)類的作文中常犯自相矛盾的錯(cuò)誤。
如"以高中生對(duì)文、理科的選擇為話題，用英語(yǔ)介紹一下你所做的選擇，并說(shuō)明理由"，有的考生第一段就亮明了觀點(diǎn)"選擇理科"--"I decided to choose science as my m ain subject. The reasons are as follows."接下來(lái)，便說(shuō)明了選理科的理由，但在文章快要結(jié)束時(shí)卻寫(xiě)道"But my physics is weak. What's more, I like history very much, so I decided on arts as m y main subject of study."這樣前后自相矛盾，不知道考生的選擇到底是什么。
對(duì)策：考生可根據(jù)事件發(fā)生的先后順序以及事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，進(jìn)行合理排序、分段。首段要點(diǎn)明主題，亮明觀點(diǎn)，中間段圍繞主題展開(kāi)描述，根據(jù)需要可用一至兩段，結(jié)尾段一定要呼應(yīng)首段，將主題升華(首尾呼應(yīng)，結(jié)尾升華)，不要出現(xiàn)自相矛盾的情況。
【詞法上的錯(cuò)誤】
1.詞匯搭配不當(dāng)，如：
問(wèn)題句：I can introduce our country for foreigners in English.
修改句：I can introduce our country to foreigners in English.
對(duì)策：平時(shí)熟記高頻單詞、固定搭配，考試時(shí)，在運(yùn)用某個(gè)單詞或者短語(yǔ)時(shí)，慎重考慮這個(gè)
單詞或短語(yǔ)與其它內(nèi)容是否搭配。
2.詞性中的張冠李戴
× My English is very well.
√ My English is very good.
× I want to make friends with students from others country.
√ I want to make friends with students from other countries.
對(duì)策：平時(shí)記單詞時(shí)除了詞義，還要識(shí)記其詞性、名詞的可數(shù)性與不可數(shù)性、動(dòng)詞的延續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性、及物與不及物等。寫(xiě)作時(shí)，如果對(duì)所寫(xiě)單詞的詞性沒(méi)有把握，可換用其它單詞。時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
大部分考生段首句子的時(shí)態(tài)還正確，但段中就開(kāi)始出錯(cuò)，或者前半句時(shí)態(tài)還正確，后半句就錯(cuò)了。因?yàn)檫@部分考生對(duì)各種時(shí)態(tài)的用法以及什么樣的文體該用什么時(shí)態(tài)還弄不清。如：
× I'd be grateful if you accepted me as a member of your camp.
√ I'd be grateful if you accept me as a member of your camp.
× I was told that he has been looking for a new job all through the summer.
√ I was told that he had been looking for a new job all through the summer.
對(duì)策：弄清各種文體對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，如日記應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，通知用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，發(fā)表觀點(diǎn)類的文章及圖表作文用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，書(shū)信根據(jù)需要可以交叉使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)、將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。寫(xiě)完后還要認(rèn)真檢查，看一下時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)一致方面是否出現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤。
【語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤】
形式多為：不及物動(dòng)詞誤用被動(dòng)形式，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤，該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的地方?jīng)]有用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
× I got a message that a summer camp will be hold in Singapore.
√ I got a message that a summer camp will be held in Singapore.
× I hope I will accept as a member of your summer cam p.
√ I hope I will be accepted as a member of your summer camp.
對(duì)策：平時(shí)有意識(shí)地進(jìn)行主、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的轉(zhuǎn)換練習(xí)，熟記不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞變化形式。寫(xiě)作時(shí)，要確保運(yùn)用被動(dòng)形式的是及物動(dòng)詞，檢查動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式是否寫(xiě)錯(cuò)，并思考一下此處語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)用是否合適。
高三英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧方法大全三
一、如何寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)難句
How to develop complex sentences.
1. 寫(xiě)出key words，確認(rèn)中心骨架
2. 邏輯排列，logical arrangements
3. 加工潤(rùn)色，colorize
例句：大部分學(xué)生相信業(yè)余工作會(huì)使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展人際交往能力，這對(duì)他們未來(lái)找工作是非常有好處的。
Most of (A majority of) students believe (hold the view) that part-time jobs can provide them with opportunities機(jī)會(huì)to/and develop (improve/better) communication ability能力(social abilities/interpersonal skills人際關(guān)系技巧),which is good for (is beneficial to有益于) their looking for jobs (job-hunting求職) in the future (after their graduation).
二、拓展長(zhǎng)句的三大方法
The most important factor因素 we have to take into consideration is sth./that…
The most important thing I want to talk about is that…sth./ that…
It is also of great importance to pay close attention to…that
Besides what is mentioned above上訴的,it is necessary to think about…
In addition to除…之外 what is talked about above, I want to tell you sth. about…
1.寫(xiě)引導(dǎo)詞：包括起承轉(zhuǎn)合例(讓句子變得高端)
起: in the first place首先, first and foremost首要的, to begin/start with
承: second (ly),in the second place, furthermore而且,此外, moreover而且,此外, what’s more, in addition另外, besides
轉(zhuǎn):but, however, on the contrary與此相反, in contrast/comparison相比之下, nonetheless雖然如此,但是; nevertheless盡管如此,然而;
合: last but not least最后同樣重要的，so, therefore,
in conclusion最后，綜上所述, to conclude最后, in a/one word, in general,
例: for instance, for example, such as,
When it comes to.... 說(shuō)起…
經(jīng)典引導(dǎo)句型
There is no doubt that/in saying that…
There is no exaggeration夸張 in saying that…
It is known to us all that,
It is well-known that…
It is apparent/obvious顯然的 that…it is not hard to understand that…
It is not too much to say that…
It is commonly/widely/generally agreed that… (acknowledged公認(rèn)的 that…/ believed that)
2.寫(xiě)插入語(yǔ)(讓句子變得客觀)
that is to say
to a certain extent在某種程度上，to some degree在一定程度上，to a larger degree在很大程度上
for one reason or another因?yàn)槟撤N原因, to put it in another way換言之
directly or indirectly 直接或間接
in other words 換句話說(shuō)
as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上
例：English is, to a large degree, important. be后
Computer, directly or indirectly, influences our life. 行前
Computer can, as a matter of fact, influence our life. 助行間
例句：It is known to us all that, English is, to a large degree, very important due to that English is becoming a global/world language. /is becoming more and more (increasingly) popular
There is no doubt in saying that computer, directly or indirectly, to a large degree, influences our life primarily owing to that (computer can make our work and study faster) computer can improve the efficiency of our work and study.
It is hard to understand that doing part-time job can, to a large extent, broaden our horizon in that we can understand more about the society by knowing a lot of people.
3.寫(xiě)從句(讓句子變得漫長(zhǎng))
名詞性定語(yǔ)從句:that, who
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句:before, when, after, during
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:where)
原因狀語(yǔ)從句:because, because of that..
primarily/mainly owing to that,
partly/partially due to that,
in that 例： I like you in that you are very kind.
假設(shè)狀語(yǔ)從句:if, on condition that… in case that…
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