高中英語被動語態(tài)知識點
語態(tài)也是動詞的一種形式，表示主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。英語有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)(active voice) 和被動語態(tài)(passive voice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者，而被動語態(tài)則表示主語是謂語動作的承受者。下面小編給大家分享一些高中英語被動語態(tài)知識點，希望能夠幫助大家，歡迎閱讀!
高中英語被動語態(tài)知識點
十種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)
1. 一般現(xiàn)在時
主動語態(tài)：do
被動語態(tài)：am is are done
We clean the classroom every day. 我們每天打掃教室。
The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 教室每天都由我們打掃。
Such songs are usually sung by girls. 這些歌通常是女孩子們唱的。
Russian is not taught in our school. 我們學(xué)校不教俄語。
Are many goods shipped abroad every day 每天都有許多貨物運往國外嗎
2. 一般過去時
主動語態(tài)：did
被動語態(tài)：was were done
We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我們打掃了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。
The window was broken by my son. 窗子是我兒子打破的。
Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday 昨天山上種了許多樹嗎?
How much money was stolen in all 一共被偷了多少錢?
3. 一般將來時
主動語態(tài)：will shall do
被動語態(tài)：will shall be done
We will clean the classroom soon. 我們很快要打掃教室。
The classroom will be cleaned soon. 教室很快要被打掃了。
The work will be done immediately. 這工作將馬上做。
Will the school sports meeting be held next week? 校運動會將在下星期舉行嗎?
When shall we be given a lecture on the Internet 什么時候給我們作有關(guān)因特網(wǎng)的講座?
4. 一般過去將來時
主動語態(tài)：would do
被動語態(tài)：would be done
We told him that we would clean the classroom soon. 我們告訴他我們馬上就打掃教室。
We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon. 我們告訴他教室很快就會被打掃的。
He said that a new trade center would be built in the centre of the city. 他說一個新的貿(mào)易中心將在市中心建起來。
She asked whether their plan would be considered with great care. 她問他們的計劃會不會得到仔細(xì)的考慮。
I wasn't told that I should be invited to the party. 沒人告訴我要被邀請出席晚會。
5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
主動語態(tài)：am is are doing
被動語態(tài)：am is are being done
We are cleaning the classroom now. 我們現(xiàn)在正在打掃教室。
The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室現(xiàn)在正在被打掃。
A hospital is being built in the centre of the town. 鎮(zhèn)中心正在興建一家醫(yī)院。
Are the babies being taken care of by this nurse 這些嬰兒正由這個護(hù)士照看嗎?
How is the new teaching method being tried there 那里是怎樣試行這種新教學(xué)方法的?
6. 過去進(jìn)行時
主動語態(tài)：was were doing
被動語態(tài)：was were being done
We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候我們在打掃教室。
The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候教室正在被打掃
The teaching plan was being discussed at that time. 那時正在討論教學(xué)計劃。
Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday 昨天這個時候電視機(jī)正在被修理嗎?
The house was being painted when we arrived at his home. 我們到他家時，他家房子正在粉刷。
7. 現(xiàn)在完成時
主動語態(tài)：has have done
被動語態(tài)：has have been done
The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起來很整潔。我們已經(jīng)打掃了。
The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned. 教室看起來很整潔。它已經(jīng)被打掃了
Many foreign films have been shown on TV since last month. 上個月以來，電視中播放了許多外國影片。
The radio has not been turned on yet. 收音機(jī)還沒開。
Has a new training centre been set up in our town 我們鎮(zhèn)上新的培訓(xùn)中心建好了嗎?
8. 過去完成時
主動語態(tài)：had done
被動語態(tài)：had been done
The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起來很整潔。我們已經(jīng)打掃過了。
The classroom looked tidy. It had been cleaned. 教室看起來很整潔。它已經(jīng)被打掃過了。
His newly written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month.上個月末，他剛寫的小說已被翻譯成了英語。
She told me that she had been dismissed by her boss. 她告訴我，她的老板已把她解雇了。
Her homework had not been finished when I got home. 我到家的時候，她的作業(yè)還沒有完成。
9. 將來完成時
主動語態(tài)：will shall have done
被動語態(tài)：will shall have been done
We will have cleaned the classroom by five o'clock. 我們將在五點之前打掃完教室。
The classroom will have been cleaned by five o'clock. 教室將在五點以前打掃完。
The new books will have been entered in the register before another parcel arrives. 這些新書在下一批書到來前將登記完畢。
How many expressways will have been completed by the end of next year 到明年年底將建成多少條高速公路?
Before you return my work will have been done. 你回來前我的工作將會做完。
10. 過去將來完成時
主動語態(tài)：would have done
被動語態(tài)：would have been done
I said we would have cleaned the classroom by 500. 我說我們將在五點之前打掃完教室。
I said the classroom would have been cleaned by 500. 我說教室將在五點以前打掃完。
The headmaster said the article would have been translated by the end of next month. 校長說文章將在下月底翻譯好。
The day was drawing near when the dam would have been completed. 大壩完工的日子不遠(yuǎn)了。
He told me that preparations would have been finished by 600. 他告訴我準(zhǔn)備工作將在六點前完成。
高中英語被動語態(tài)知識點梳理
被動語態(tài)的用法
英語中，大多數(shù)情況下用主動語態(tài)比較簡練、有力。但是，被動語態(tài)也有其特殊的用途，它也是表達(dá)思想、描述事物的需要。人們通常在下列情況下使用被動語態(tài)：
A. 不知道或不必說出動作的執(zhí)行者
How is this word pronounced 這個單詞怎么發(fā)音?
Scientists say that work is done whenever a force moves. 科學(xué)家們說，力移動時就做了功。
A greater number of magic English books will be published next year. 明年將有更多的魔法英語書出版。
After war, everything had been destroyed. 戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束后，一切都被毀壞了。
B. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的承受者
If you break the school rules, you will be punished. 如果你違反校規(guī)，你將受到懲罰。(強(qiáng)調(diào)you)
A new Hope School will be opened in our village. 我們家鄉(xiāng)將開辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。(強(qiáng)調(diào)a new Hope School)
She is liked by everybody. 大家都喜歡她。
Xiao Li was elected monitor of the class. 小李被選為班長。
C. 動作的執(zhí)行者不是人而是無生命的事物
The bridge was washed away by the flood. 橋被洪水沖走了。
We were shocked by the news of his death. 我們聽到他的死訊極為震驚。
Many accidents were caused by careless driving. 許多事故都是開車不小心造成的。
D. 修辭的需要，為了使句子更加簡練、勻稱
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience. 他出現(xiàn)在舞臺上，受到了觀眾的熱烈鼓掌。
The old professor gave a lecture on American history and was well received. 這位老教授作了一個有關(guān)美國歷史的講座，受到大家的熱烈歡迎。
I was shown round the school campus by Sean, who had entered the school just a year before. 肖恩帶我參觀了校園，他去年剛進(jìn)這所學(xué)校。
E. 為了表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動作執(zhí)行者或說話者自己
You've been told many times not to make the same mistake. 你已被多次告知不要犯同樣的錯誤。
Everybody is expected to obey the following rules. 希望大家遵守以下規(guī)定。
The control room may not be entered without permission. 非經(jīng)許可，勿入控制室。
F. 科技文獻(xiàn)中為了客觀地描述事情及其過程
The film is coated with light-sensitive chemicals, which are changed by the different shades and colours of light. 膠卷上涂了一層感光的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，這些物質(zhì)因光的不同色度與顏色而改變。
G. 新聞報道中為了體現(xiàn)新聞的客觀性
The west-east gas pipeline project was kicked off on July 4, a big event in the nation's west development campaign. 西氣東輸工程7月4日全線開工，這是國家西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的一件大事。
H.有些動詞習(xí)慣上常用被動語態(tài)
He was born in this city. 他出生在這個城市。
The school is situated in the suburbs. 這所學(xué)校位于郊外。
注意：
被動語態(tài)中的by短語通?？梢允∪ァ５绻鸼y短語是句子的重點所在，或者沒有by短語全句的意思不完整時，則要保留by短語。
The vegetables didn't taste very good. They had been cooked too long. 蔬菜的味道不好，燒的時間太長了。(不需要動作的執(zhí)行者)
He arrived at the airport, where he was met by his friend. 他到達(dá)了機(jī)場并受到朋友的迎接。(沒有by his friend，句子的意思不完整)
Everybody was cast down by such news as that. 大家都被那種消息搞得很沮喪。(需要by短語)
高中英語被動語態(tài)知識點歸納
主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)
中國人的思維的著眼點在動作的施動者，英美人思維的著眼點在動作的承受者。
中國人常這樣說：I expect you to be there on time. 我希望你準(zhǔn)時到那里。
英美人常這樣說：You are expected to be there on time. 希望你準(zhǔn)時到那里。
這就是英語中被動語態(tài)的使用比漢語中多的原因。由于英語句子的主動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)不同，因而變成被動語態(tài)的方式也各不相同。
A. 主語 + 謂語 + 賓語
“主語 + 謂語 + 賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)中只有一個賓語，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z：
They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他們將在會議上討論這個問題。
-- The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 這個問題將在會議上討論。
In the past the king possessed great wealth. 過去國王擁有巨大的財富。
n In the past great wealth was possessed by the king. 過去，巨大的財富為國王所擁有。
B. 主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
在這個句型中，謂語動詞跟有兩個賓語。變成被動語態(tài)時，一般將通常指人的間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，但有時也可將指物的間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語：
We gave the student some books. 我們給了這個學(xué)生幾本書。
-- The student was given some books. 這個學(xué)生被給了幾本書。
-- Some books were given to the student. 幾本書被給了這個學(xué)生。
His father bought him a computer last week. 上周他父親給他買了一臺電腦。
-- He was bought a computer by his father last week. 上周他父親給他買了一臺電腦。
-- A computer was bought for him by his father last week. 上周他父親給他買了一臺電腦。
注意：用直接賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語時，通常要在間接賓語前加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~(如to, for, of等)，以加強(qiáng)間接賓語的語氣。
They awarded him the Nobel Prize. 他們授予他諾貝爾獎。
-- The Nobel Prize was awarded(to)him. 諾貝爾獎被授予給他。
The host had caught us some fish. 主人給我們捉了一些魚。
n Some fish had been caught for us by the host. 主人給我們捉了一些魚。(for不可省)
n
C. 主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語
在這個句型中，謂語動詞后有一個賓語和一個賓語補(bǔ)足語，變成被動語態(tài)時，賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語也隨之變?yōu)橹髡Z補(bǔ)足語：
All the villagers painted the houses white. 所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
-- The houses were painted white by all the villagers. 房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。
They kept us waiting for a long time. 他們讓我們等了很長時間。
-- We were kept waiting for a long time. 我們等了很長時間。
We regarded him as the best doctor in town. 我們認(rèn)為他是城里最好的醫(yī)生。
-- He was regarded as the best doctor in town. 他被認(rèn)為是城里最好的醫(yī)生。
注意：
有些使役動詞和感官動詞,如make, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to等，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中跟不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，在變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，不定式應(yīng)加上to。
We heard him say good-bye to his friends. 我們聽見他向朋友們道別。
n He was heard to say good-bye to his friends. 他被聽到向朋友們道別。
n
D. 含有情態(tài)動詞的主動句變被動句
含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)時，用“情態(tài)動詞+ be done”構(gòu)成。
情態(tài)動詞
can could
may might
must
have had to
will would
shall should
ought to
主動形式
Can could do
May might do
must do
have had to do
will would do
shall should do
ought to do
被動形式
Can could be done
May might be done
must be done
have had to be done
will would be done
shall should be done
ought to be done
The machine must be operated with care. 這機(jī)器必須小心操作。
Such a sentence ought not to be used here. 這個句子不應(yīng)該用在這里。
What's done cannot be undone. 覆水難收。
People had to be reminded of the danger that night. 那天晚上必須提醒人們當(dāng)心危險。
E. 含有“be going to do”和“be to do”等結(jié)構(gòu)的主動句變被動句
含有“be going to do和 be to do 等結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語動詞，變成被動語態(tài)時，分別用“be going to + be done”和“be to + be done”。在這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，be只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種形式。
The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting. 這個問題將在會上討論。
This new film is to be shown on TV next week. 這部新片下周將在電視上放映。
F.含有賓語從句的主動句變被動句
帶有賓語從句的句子變成被動語態(tài)時，通常用it來作為被動句的形式主語，賓語從句保留不變。
They said that he had gone abroad to study English. 他們說他出國學(xué)英語去了。
-- It was said that he had gone abroad to study English. 據(jù)說他出國學(xué)英語去了。
We haven't decided when we should go camping. 我們還未決定什么時候去野營。
-- It hasn't been decided when we should go camping. 什么時候去野營尚未決定。
提示：
帶有賓語從句的句子變成被動語態(tài)時，為了簡練，還可把從句的主語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，從句的謂語部分還可以變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ蕉陶Z。
We believed that he would succeed. 我們相信他會成功。
-- He was believed to succeed. 人們相信他會成功。
Father expected that I should become an engineer. 父親希望我成為工程師。
-- I was expected (by my father) to become an engineer. (父親)希望我成為工程師。
G.祈使句的被動語態(tài)
肯定的祈使句的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：Let + 賓語 + be + 過去分詞;否定的祈使句的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)是：Don't + let + 賓語 + be + 過去分詞(或Let + 賓語 + not + be + 過去分詞)。
Move the desks into the corridor.
-- Let the desks be moved into the corridor. 把課桌搬到走廊去。
Don't trust her.
-- Don't let her be trusted.
-- Let her not be trusted. 不要相信她。
H. 動詞短語構(gòu)成的被動語態(tài)
一般情況下，只有及物動詞才能跟賓語，而不及物動詞不能跟賓語，所以只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，不及物動詞則沒有被動語態(tài)。但有些不及物動詞后面跟上介詞或副詞后，變成一個動詞短語，相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，因此就可以有被動語態(tài)。
The nurses in this hospital look after the patients very well.
-- The patients are well looked after by the nurses in this hospital. 病人在這所醫(yī)院里被護(hù)士們照料得很周到。
They have put off the meeting till next Saturday.
-- The meeting has been put off till next Saturday. 會議已推遲到下周六了。
注意：
在使用被動語態(tài)時，千萬不要遺漏句末的介詞或副詞。
Such a bad habit should be got rid of. 這樣的壞習(xí)慣應(yīng)該改掉。
All the important matters have now been attended to. 所有重要的事情都得到了處理。
I. 雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)
雙重被動結(jié)構(gòu)指的是句中謂語動詞和其后的不定式均為被動結(jié)構(gòu)，句子的主語既是謂語動詞的承受者，同時又是不定式動作的承受者。
They asked us to discuss the problem at once.
-- We were asked to discuss the problem at once.
-- The problem was asked to be discussed at once. 這個問題被要求立刻討論。(雙重被動)
She offered to buy a recorder for me.
-- A recorder was offered to be bought for me. 有人提出要幫我買一臺錄音機(jī)。(雙重被動)
The teacher ordered that we should take the desk away.
-- The desk was ordered to be taken away. 課桌被要求搬走。(雙重被動)
J.下列句子變成被動語態(tài)時，要用with，不用by
Smoke filled the meeting room. 煙充滿了會議室。
The meeting room was filled with smoke. 會議室里充滿了煙。
A cloth covered the table. 一塊布把桌子罩了起來。
The table was covered with a cloth. 桌子上鋪著一塊布。
K.不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)
1.受動詞的限制
①表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞，只能用于主動語態(tài)。
某些表示狀態(tài)的及物動詞，如have, own, cost, lack, want (缺乏), become (適合), fit, resemble, fail, last, flee, benefit, hold等作謂語時，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳洹?/p>
She resembles her mother. 她像她媽媽。
He lacks self-confidence. 他缺乏自信。
This hall can hold 2,000 people. 這個大廳能容納兩千人。
②當(dāng)及物動詞have表示“吃飯”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思時，沒有被動語態(tài)形式。
Would you have a cup of tea 你要喝杯茶嗎?
She had a bad cold yesterday, and now she is feeling much better. 昨天她得了重感冒，現(xiàn)在好多了。
③當(dāng)動詞get，take表示“懂得”、“知道”，owe表示“欠”，cost表示“使失去(生命、健康等)”的意思時，動詞沒有相應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)。
Do you get me 你明白我的意思嗎?
How do you take this passage 這段話你怎么理解?
I owe 50 pounds to you. 我欠你五十英鎊。
His careless driving cost his life. 他粗心的駕駛使他喪了命。
2.受賓語的限制
①當(dāng)賓語是相互代詞、反身代詞或具有類似相互代詞的關(guān)系時，動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)形式。
They simply cannot contain themselves for joy. 他們簡直無法抑制內(nèi)心的喜悅。
He absented himself from a meeting yesterday. 他昨天缺席會議了。
For years the two sisters looked after one another. 多年來兩姐妹互相照顧。
②當(dāng)賓語前帶有主語的形容詞性物主代詞時，謂語動詞通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)。
I could not believe my eyes when I saw him still alive. 看到他還活著，我簡直不相信自己的眼睛。
The doctor shook his head and then went out without any words. 醫(yī)生搖了搖頭，一句話也沒說就出去了。
注意：
動詞的賓語是身體的一部分，一般不可變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，但也有例外。
He fixed his eyes on the oil painting. 他注視著這幅油畫。
-- His eyes were fixed on the oil painting. 他的兩眼注視著這幅油畫。
③當(dāng)賓語起狀語作用，表示數(shù)量、重量、大小或程度時，不能用被動語態(tài)。
This kind of dictionary costs ten dollars. 這種字典價值十美元。
The case weighs twenty kilos. 這箱子重二十公斤。
④當(dāng)賓語是同源賓語時，通常不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。
He laughed a hearty laugh. 他由衷地笑了笑。
She dreamt a sweet dream. 她做了一個美夢。
⑤如果賓語是動詞不定式或動詞的-ing形式時，謂語動詞一般不能變換成被動語態(tài)。
He admitted having done wrong. 他承認(rèn)做錯了。
He has decided to go and study abroad. 他已決定出國留學(xué)。
⑥如果enter, leave, reach的賓語是地點、國家機(jī)關(guān)等，不能改為被動語態(tài)
He left the army in 1998. 他1998年退伍。
She entered the hall at once. 她立刻就進(jìn)入了大廳。
⑦另外，不可拆開的短語動詞，如take place, lose heart, belong to, consist of, change colour等，也不能改為被動語態(tài)。
The book belongs to me. 這本書是我的。
She caught a very bad cold. 她患了重感冒。
高中學(xué)習(xí)英語好方法
1、勤奮和持續(xù)堅持。大多數(shù)人學(xué)不好英語根本的原因是懶惰和三天打魚兩天曬網(wǎng)。
2、把英語當(dāng)成一門聲音而不是文字來學(xué)。英語首先是一門聲音，文字不過是聲音的標(biāo)本而已。所以大量的聲音輸入和輸出是必不可少的，早期要多運用耳朵和嘴巴，少用眼睛。一個兒童學(xué)會母語靠得就是聽說，打通耳朵是其學(xué)習(xí)語言的第一步，它首先在它聽不懂的噪音里建立聲音秩序。想學(xué)好英語復(fù)讀機(jī)是絕 對不可少的工具，你不用壞幾部復(fù)讀機(jī)你的英語絕對是啞巴英語。
3、我們建議從學(xué)單詞開始就聽音背單詞，建立起人對英語單詞聲音形象的條件反射能力。而且英語單詞的拼寫大多數(shù)是有規(guī)律的，你記住了它的聲音，拼寫也就簡單了，你說也就能脫口而出了。
4、 單詞學(xué)習(xí)我們建議一開始就要大批量擴(kuò)張，先把語法和句型、篇章放一邊。等一個人有700個單詞后再學(xué)句型、對話、和篇章。單詞學(xué)習(xí)要采用聽音背單詞、聽寫的辦法，反復(fù)循環(huán)，多重分類，要通過句子篇章學(xué)單詞，這樣單詞才是活的。要重視那些諸如TAKT、DO、GET等萬金油動詞及詞組的學(xué)習(xí)。
5、如果語法不變成語感的話，到用時一定無法無天。語法的突破一定要靠語感的形成，但語感的形成一定要靠大量的背誦和說、閱讀的流量才能形成。但早期對語法規(guī)則的記憶也很重要。
6、聽力是無數(shù)學(xué)生的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)，我們認(rèn)為泛聽百篇不如聽熟背誦一篇。我們建議大家采用鐘道隆老師的聽寫法，聽一句寫一句，聽不懂再反復(fù)，直到最后實在寫不出再看原文，這樣每次能擊中你聽力中最薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)，特別有效。
7、對于篇章的學(xué)習(xí)，我們認(rèn)為沒有比背誦法更好的了。先聽標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音一句一句聽得滾瓜爛熟，再背誦。
8、 我們認(rèn)為多閱讀中英文對照的讀物也對詞匯量的提高、語感的形成很有幫助。