高二英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法解析
英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí),主要的是朗讀,朗讀是在課文所提供的語(yǔ)境中對(duì)語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、意群、句型等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的綜合練習(xí),同時(shí)培養(yǎng)純正的語(yǔ)音語(yǔ)調(diào)和好的用語(yǔ)習(xí)慣以及為聽(tīng)力打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。以下是小編給大家整理的高二英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法解析,希望大家能夠喜歡!
高二英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法解析1
1. chat vi.&n. 聊天;閑聊
[典例]
1). What were you chatting to him about? 2). I had a long chat with her (about her job).
[重點(diǎn)用法]
chat to/with sb (about sth) = have a chat with sb (about sth) 與某人聊天、閑談……
2. eastward adv. 向東 adj. 向東的;朝東的
[典例]
1). They were traveling eastward(s) to the city which appeared in their dreams. 他們朝著東邊向夢(mèng)想中的城市進(jìn)發(fā)。
2). The plane flied in an eastward direction. [詞語(yǔ)歸納]
eastward(s) adj./adv. 向東的,向東地 westward(s) adj./adv. 向西的,向西地
southward(s) adj./adv. 向南的,向南地
northward(s) adj./adv. 向北的,向北地
southeastward(s) adj./adv. 向東南的,向東南地
northeastward(s) adj./adv. 向東北的,向東北地
southwestward(s) adj./adv. 向西南的,向西南地
northwestward(s) adj./adv. 向東北的,向東北地
3. surround vt.&vi. 包圍;圍繞 surrounding adj. 周?chē)?surroundings (常用pl.)環(huán)境
[典例]
1). Trees surround the pond.
2). The house was surrounded by high walls.
[重點(diǎn)用法]
surround...with... 用……包圍……
be surrounded by/with... 周?chē)际恰?/p>
4. measure vi.&vt. 測(cè)量;衡量;判定 n.[c,u] 尺寸;量具;計(jì)量單位;措施
[典例]
1). Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用這把尺子能量得準(zhǔn)嗎?
2). It’ s hard to measure his ability when we haven’ t seen his work. 沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他的作品, 很難估計(jì)他的能力。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
measure A by B 用B衡量A sth. measures 2 metres by 4 metres 某物長(zhǎng)4米寬2米
measure sb. for a suit = make a suit to sb’ s measure 給某人量身做一套衣服
5. mix vt.&vi. 混合;調(diào)配 mixture n.[u,c] 混合(物);混合狀態(tài)
[典例]
1). The chemist mixed (up) some medicine for me.
2). Oil and water don’ t mix.
3). Oil won’ t mix with water.
[詞語(yǔ)歸納]
mix的短語(yǔ):
mix A and/with B 把甲與乙拌和起來(lái) mix sth. up 把某物拌和;混淆某物
mix sth. in/into把某物摻進(jìn)去 be/get mixed up with sth./sb. 與某事有關(guān);與某人混在一起
6. nearby adj.附近的;鄰近的 adv.在附近
[典例]
1). Her mother lived in a nearby town. 2). Her mother lived nearby.
[重點(diǎn)用法]
nearby作形容詞時(shí),既可放在被修飾詞之后也可放在被修飾詞之前。
如: There were complaints from nearby residents / residents nearby.
7. terrify vt.使恐怖;恐嚇 terrified adj.恐懼的;受驚嚇的 terrifying adj.(令人)可怕的
[典例]
1). He terrified his children with ghost stories.
2). Her husband’ s violence terrified her. 她丈夫的暴力使她感到恐懼。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
be terrified at/by sth. 被某事(物)恐嚇 be terrified of sth. = be afraid of 害怕某事(物)
8. impress vt.使印象深刻;使銘記 impression n.[c]印象;感想 impressive adj.給人印象深刻的
[典例]
1). The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外國(guó)游客無(wú)一不對(duì)該市留有深刻印象。
2). We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高,我們極為欽佩。
[重點(diǎn)用法]
impress sth. on/upon sb. = impress sb. with/by sth. 使某人銘記某事物
make/give/crate an impression on/upon... 給……一個(gè)印象
have/get the impression that 有……的印象
高二英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法解析2
1、at
如:常用詞組有: at noon, at night
表示時(shí)間的 at, in, on:表示片刻的時(shí)間,at 8 o’clock,at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year 等。
in 表示一段的時(shí)間
如:in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future 等。
on 總是跟日子有關(guān),on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning 等。
2、表示時(shí)間的 since 和 from:since 表示從過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過(guò)程,常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用:from 表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始,不涉及與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)連用。
如:I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示時(shí)間的 in 和 after:兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后,區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后” ,而 after 則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后),in 短語(yǔ)和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用,after 短語(yǔ)和過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用。
如:We’ll be back in three days.
After seven the rain began to fall.
What shall we do after graduation?
After two months he returned. 注意:after 有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過(guò)去時(shí)里)
4、表示地理位置的 in, on, to:in 表示在某范圍內(nèi),on 指與什么毗鄰,to 指在某環(huán)境范圍之外
如:Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is tothe east of China.
5、表示“在……上”的 on 和 in:on 只表示在某物的表面上,而用 in 表示占去某物一部分,表示……上。
如:There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
高二英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)法解析3
【一般過(guò)去時(shí)】
1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的定義
一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)候或某一段時(shí)間所發(fā)生了的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。常與過(guò)去時(shí)間yesterday, this morning, just now, a moment ago, in May, last night / year / week, once upon a time, the other day, before …, when – clause, in the past連用。如:
What did you do yesterday? 昨天你干了什么?
I met Lin Tao this morning. 今天上午我會(huì)到了林濤。
I was there a moment ago. 剛才我在那兒。
2. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的應(yīng)用
(1) 表示過(guò)去某時(shí)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:
Liu Ying was in America last year. 劉英去年在美國(guó)。
Jim rang you just now. 吉姆剛才給你打了電話。
(2) 表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常接時(shí)間副詞often, usually, always, sometimes, every day / week, etc. 如:
We often went out for a walk after supper. 我們過(guò)去常在晚飯后散步。
We usually played together. 我們通常一起玩。
3. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求
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一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成分規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種形式,不規(guī)則變化通常需要逐個(gè)記憶,規(guī)則變化則遵循以下原則:
(1) 一般在動(dòng)詞后加-ed。如:play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed, destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.
(2) 在以字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,只加-d。如:like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。
(3) 在以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后,則改y為i,再加—ed。如:supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.
(4) 在以單短元音的重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且,末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的動(dòng)詞后,雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ed。如:plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.
4. 特別說(shuō)明
有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí),如:expect, hope, intend, plan, wanted 等一般過(guò)去時(shí),后接不定式的完成時(shí);或它們的過(guò)去完成時(shí)接不定式的一般式,都可表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望。如:
I hoped to have been invited to his wedding party. —I had hoped to be invited to his wedding ceremony. 我本希望他來(lái)邀請(qǐng)我參加他的婚禮。
I intended to have joined their games. —I had intended to join their games. 我本打算參加他們的比賽。
【現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)】
1. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。如:
We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我們等他等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。
2. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)由“have /has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞”構(gòu)成。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的應(yīng)用
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 時(shí)間段, since +時(shí)間點(diǎn), for + 時(shí)間段。如:
They have been building the bridge for two month. 兩個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在修橋。
They have been planting trees this month. 這個(gè)月來(lái)他們一直在植樹(shù)。
4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
(1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù),因此,表示動(dòng)作的完成,只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
He has changed his idea. 他改變了想法。
(2) 在表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí),雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如:
We have been studying here for two years. 我們?cè)谶@兒已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩年了。
(3) 有些延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等),用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別不大。如:
I have lived here for many years.=I have been living here for many years. 我在這兒住了多年了。
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