高二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
高二一年,強(qiáng)人將浮出水面,鳥人將沉入海底。 高二重點(diǎn)解決三個(gè)問(wèn)題:一,吃透課本;二,找尋適合自己的學(xué)習(xí)方法;三,總結(jié)自己考試技巧,形成習(xí)慣。為了幫助你的學(xué)習(xí)更上一層樓,下面是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的高二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn),希望大家能夠喜歡!
高二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
1)whether和if常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,這時(shí)兩者的含義區(qū)別很小,一般可通用。例如: ①I don't know whether/if they will come to help us. 我不知道他們是否來(lái)幫助我們。 ②I am not sure whether/if I'll have time to go with you. 我很難說(shuō)我們是否有時(shí)間跟你們一起去。 上面兩句無(wú)區(qū)別。
但是,當(dāng)whether與or not連成一個(gè)詞組時(shí),whether不可換用if。例如: ③I don't know whether or not they will come for our help. 我不知道他們是否要來(lái)求我們支援。 【注意】若whether和or not不連在一起,在口語(yǔ)中可以用if取代whether,當(dāng)然也可以用whether。例如: ④I am not certain if/whether the train will arrive on time. 我沒(méi)有把握火車是否準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。 ⑤I don't care if/whether your car breaks down or not. 我不在乎您的車是否是會(huì)出故障。
此外,還有三種情況值得注意:
(1)在介詞后面只能用whether,不能用if。例如: ①This depends upon whether we are determined to do it. 這件事要看我們是否有決心去做。 ②It depends on whether he is ready. 這件事要看他是否有準(zhǔn)備。 ③I am not interested in whether you'll come or not. 你來(lái)不來(lái)我不感興趣。 ④We haven't settled the question of whether we'll renew our supplies of coal for factory. 是否要為我們工廠補(bǔ)充一些煤,這個(gè)問(wèn)題我們還沒(méi)有決定。 (2)在動(dòng)詞不定式之前,只能用whether,不能用if。例如: ①He doesn't know whether to stay or not. 他不能知道是否要留下來(lái)。 ②She doesn't knows whether to get married now or wait. 是否現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚或是等待她不知道。 (3)在及物運(yùn)動(dòng)discuss后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,只能用whether,不能用if。例如: ①We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan. 我們討論了是不是要對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃作一些修改。 ②We were discussing whether we should discuss the business with them. 我們正在討論我們是否要和他們談這個(gè)生意。
2)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能用whether,不能用if。例如: ①It is unknown whether he will come. 他是否來(lái)還不知道。 ②Whether the news is true remains a question. 這個(gè)消息是否真實(shí)仍然是個(gè)問(wèn)題。
3)引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能用whether,不能用if。例如: ①What we want to know is whether he will come to speak to us tomorrow. 我們想知道的是他明天是否來(lái)給我們講話。 ②The question is whether they can take our advice. 問(wèn)題是他們是否能接受我們的意見。4)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),常用whether。例如: ①The question whether we'll build another lecture buil你到底想說(shuō)什么 hasn't been settled. 是否要另建一幢教學(xué)樓的問(wèn)題還未決定。 ②The question whether he'll come is unknown. 他是否來(lái)的問(wèn)題還不知道。
5)可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定的賓語(yǔ)從句,whether則不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)否定的賓語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)樗硎菊磧煞矫娴倪x擇意義比較強(qiáng)。例如: ①Tell me if it is not going to rain, please. 請(qǐng)告訴我明天是否不會(huì)下雨。 ②He considered if he shouldn't tell her the secret. 他考慮他是否不該告訴她這個(gè)秘密。
6)if除引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句外,還可以引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,作“是否”解。在容易引起混淆產(chǎn)生歧義的情況下,就不可用if,而須用whether。例如: ①Please let me know if you intend to come.這個(gè)句子有兩種解釋: A:“請(qǐng)讓我們知道你是否想來(lái)?!? B:“如果你打算來(lái),請(qǐng)讓我們知道。” 第一種解釋是把if引導(dǎo)的從句看作賓語(yǔ)從句,把動(dòng)詞know視為及物動(dòng)詞(vt.);第二種解釋是把if引導(dǎo)的從句當(dāng)作條件狀語(yǔ)從句,把動(dòng)詞know看作不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)。 在口語(yǔ)中,我們可以通過(guò)語(yǔ)調(diào)來(lái)表示兩者的區(qū)別;但是,在書面語(yǔ)中,無(wú)上下文(如一張便條上寫著這句話),那就含混不清了。如果我們想表達(dá)的第一種含義,就得用whether來(lái)改寫第一句。 ①Please let me know whether you intend to come. 又如: ②Let me know whether he has left for Shanghai. 告訴我他是否已經(jīng)去上海了。 ③Let me know if he has left for Shanghai. 如果他去上海,請(qǐng)告訴我一聲。 此外,whether還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,作“無(wú)論、不管”解。
高二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
1.wish希望
wish to do sth.
wish sb. to do sth.
Wish that…
注意: 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬形式, 可以表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在/當(dāng)時(shí);過(guò)去;未來(lái)的“希望”
eg. I wish that I were five years old.
I wish that I had studied hard before.
I wish that I could walk in space some day.
wish sb. sth.
Eg. I wish you good luck.
2. Which do you think is the most important?
Do you think 是插入語(yǔ),不影響句子的整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)。Do you think 插入到疑問(wèn)句中, 句子應(yīng)使用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
Eg. How much do you think I should pay for the book?
3. if so倘若是(那樣的話)……
eg. If so , I won’t ask you for help.
4.How do you improve society?
society“社會(huì)”,使用時(shí)不加冠詞。
Eg. The thief is dangerous to society.
5. It is likely that many of them will be born in …
likely 是形容詞, 與possible 意思相同, 但possible只可用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu):it is possible that…;likely還可:sb. be likely to do
eg. He is likely to win the game.
6. It is home to the Chinese Academy of Sciences and more than ten famous universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University
include“包括”,指“部分包含”,劃線部分還可以:
Peking University and Tsinghua University included
contain意思是(全部)容納
Eg. I lost my wallet which contained 200 dollars, including two coins.
7. set up建立, 指“搭建并成立”
eg. We set up a new school and the students there were very happy.
put up單純指“搭建”
Eg. They put up a new house.
found “成立, 建立”,尤指“國(guó)家、組織等”的建立
Eg. The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
8. in the late 1990’s在二十世紀(jì)90年代后期,在年代前的冠詞the不能省略。
9.They all share the spirit of…
spirit“精神,靈魂”是不可數(shù)名詞;
spirits“情緒”,固定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Eg. The students are in high spirits.
10. …made Zhongguancun a success.
success“成功”,是一個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞
Eg. Failure is the mother of success.失敗是成功之母。
a success 意思是“一件成功的事/一個(gè)成功的人物”
succeed 是動(dòng)詞
succeed in doing sth. 介詞in不可省略
11. …is one of those who have returned to China after studying and working abroad.
abroad 是副詞。副詞作定語(yǔ)需后置。
Eg. I have a lot of friends at home and abroad.我有很多國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外的朋友。
go abroad出國(guó)
12.…and work with some of the top scientists…
top scientists 優(yōu)秀、頂尖的科學(xué)家
top students 好學(xué)生,尖子生
13.come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)
eg. My dream came true.
come此處是系動(dòng)詞。有些常作為行為動(dòng)詞的詞也可作系動(dòng)詞。
Eg. go hungry 挨餓
go bad 變質(zhì)
14.rely on =depend on 依賴,依靠
15. Not all the new companies can succeed.并非所有的公司都能成功。
All\both\everyone\everything用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)中表示部分否定。
Eg. Not everyone likes the film.并非每個(gè)人都喜歡這個(gè)_。
16.We are not making that much money yet.
That此處相當(dāng)于so, 表程度。
17.aim at把目標(biāo)投在……
此處aim是動(dòng)詞,aim也可作名詞.
18. prove“證明”,多作系動(dòng)詞,不用被動(dòng)
It proved (to be )correct.
高二英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
一、不定式做主語(yǔ):
1、不定式做主語(yǔ)一般表示具體的某次動(dòng)作。===動(dòng)名詞doing 表示習(xí)慣的,經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作。
e.g: To finish the building in a month is difficult.
To do such things is foolish.
To see is to believe. (對(duì)等)
注: 1). 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)
2). 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng),謂語(yǔ)較短時(shí),常用it做形式主語(yǔ),而將不定式放到謂語(yǔ)的后面。
it做形式主語(yǔ),不定式放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中:
(1)It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do…
(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do…
It is easy / difficult / hard / foolish / unwise / right / wrong / unnecessary
(3) it is +a +名詞+ to do...
It is a pity / a pleasure / a pleasant thing / one’s duty / an honor / a shame / a crime / no easy job… to do
It takes (sb.) some time / courage / patience …to do…
It requires courage / patience / hard work… to do…
_注意: probable 和 possible 均可作表語(yǔ),但possible可以用不定式作真實(shí)主語(yǔ), 而probable不能用不定式作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)。
It is probable for him to come to the meeting.(錯(cuò))
It is possible for him to come to the meeting.
It is possible / probable that he will come to the meeting.
二、不定式做表語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)是以aim duty hope idea intention plan job suggestion wish purpose task 等為中心詞的名詞詞組 或以 what 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句表示,后面的不定式說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容, 不定式作表語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)或現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
eg :My idea is to climb the mountain from the north.
Your mistake was not to write that letter.
What I would suggest is to start work at once.
三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)
以不定式結(jié)構(gòu)為賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:
ask, agree, care, choose, demand, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等只能用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)
口訣(接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞)
想要學(xué)習(xí) 早打算( want learn plan)
快準(zhǔn)備 有希望( prepare hope wish expect)
同意否 供選擇(agree offer choose)
決定了 已答應(yīng)(decide be determined promise)
盡力去 著手做(manage undertake)
別拒絕 別假裝(refuse pretend)
失敗不是屬于你(fail)
e.g.Tom refused to lend me his pen.
We hope to get there before dark.
The girl decided to do it herself.
_注意:某些及物動(dòng)詞可用-ing也可用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)但意義不同的有
stop go on remember forget
regret try mean can’t help
be used to
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