關(guān)于高二的英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一個(gè)人進(jìn)入社會(huì)之后，還要在工作中不斷學(xué)習(xí)新的知識(shí)和技能，這時(shí)候，一個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)效率的高低則會(huì)影響工作成績，繼而影響他的事業(yè)和前途?？梢?，在中學(xué)階段就養(yǎng)成好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，擁有較高的學(xué)習(xí)效率，對人一生的發(fā)展都大有益處。小編整理了關(guān)于高二的英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望能幫助到你!
關(guān)于高二的英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
一、過去分詞
過去分詞兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。過去分詞和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成過去分詞短語。它在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語。這節(jié)課講解作定語、表語的用法。
1. 作定語
作定語的過去分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表語
過去分詞作表語,多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
過去分詞作表語，相當(dāng)于形容詞，常見的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
過去分詞作表語時(shí)，應(yīng)注意與被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別。系表結(jié)構(gòu)說明主語的狀態(tài)或具有的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn);被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(狀態(tài))
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(動(dòng)作)
I'm interested in chess.(狀態(tài))
3. 過去分詞做狀語
①表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
②表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
③表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句，有時(shí)過去分詞前可用 if 等詞
Heated, water changes into steam.
Given another chance, he will do better.
④表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
⑤表伴隨，說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
倒裝句：
一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用 be, come, go, lie, run。
There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。
Then came the chairman. _來了。
Here is your letter. 你的信。
二、否定詞置于句首，句子應(yīng)進(jìn)行倒裝。 neither 放句首
Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不會(huì)游泳，我也不會(huì)。
用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開頭的句子。
Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。
Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是誰。
Seldom was he late for class.他很少上學(xué)遲到。
用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中
Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我剛到車站,火車就離開了。
No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她剛離開,電話就響了。
Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老師來，他才完成作業(yè)。
三、用于 only 放句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子。
Only in this way can you master English well. 只有這種方法，你才能學(xué)好英語。
Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪個(gè)時(shí)間，他才做作業(yè)。
Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.
省略句：
一、省略的目的
省略多見于非正式文體，尤其在對話中，省略是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象。英語中的省略一般說來有三個(gè)目的：
1.避免重復(fù)，減少累贅。省略的主要目的是避免重復(fù)，去掉不必要的累贅和繁瑣。
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.
Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.
(省掉最后九個(gè)詞，句子簡潔了許多)
2.連接緊密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 省略也是使上下文緊密連接的一種修辭手段。
John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子結(jié)構(gòu)顯得比較緊湊)
3.強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息
Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略謂語 speaks，突出了 too loud)
二、句子成分的省略
為了避免重復(fù)，或者為了使某一內(nèi)容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。
1.省略主語
Beg your pardon.請你原諒。(= I beg your pardon.))
Serves you right. 你活該(= It serves you right.)
2.省略謂語
Anything the matter? 要緊嗎?(= Is anything the matter?)
The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)
3.省略表語
Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表語 ready)
4.省略賓語
We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了賓語 problems)
Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes)
5.省略定語
He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest 后面省略了定語 of the money)
6.省略狀語
(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.
省略在句子中的應(yīng)用
在一個(gè)句子中，省略可分為依賴上下文省略和不依賴上下文省略兩種。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。
1.簡單句中的省略
依賴上下文的省略在對話中最為常用。
Like more beer?(= Would you like more beer?)
—World you mind if I used your telephone?
—Not at all. 一點(diǎn)也不。
(= I do not mind at all.)
—Will he pass this examination?
Probably. 大概會(huì)的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)
不依賴于上下文的省略。
All aboard! 請上船(= All go aboard.省略謂語)
Haven't seen you for ages!(省略主語 I)
What about having a game of chess?
Sounds like a good idea.
2.并列句中的省略
(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主語)
Everybody appears well prepared.
(= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)
并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常?？梢允÷缘?，以避免重復(fù)。通常被省略的可以是主語、謂語、賓語或其他萬分，或句子萬分的一部分。
省略出現(xiàn)在后一分句
John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主語)
省略出現(xiàn)在前一分句
We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match.
我們能夠，而且一定會(huì)在明天的比賽中獲勝。(前一分句省略謂語 + 賓語)
前后兩個(gè)分句都出現(xiàn)省略
They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.
復(fù)合句中的省略
在主從復(fù)合句中，活力的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的。
省略主句的句首部分。(I'm)Sorry I couldn't go.
省略整個(gè)主句或主句的一部分(回答問題時(shí)常用)。
(It is a)Pity he's failed.
If he says he'll come, he will(come).
3.在一些狀語從句中，如果謂語動(dòng)詞是 be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或者主語是 it，常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和 be 省略掉。
以 when, while, once, until 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。
When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。
4.在比較從句中通常把和主句重復(fù)的部分省掉。
省略謂語的全部
James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.
Tom has as many books as Jack.
省略主語和謂語的一部分
Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks)省略表語部分
Mrs White is not so young as she looks.(looks 后省略了 young)
省略主語和謂語的大部分，保留狀語
He is working harder than before.(than 后省略了 he worked hard)
省略主語
He drank a little more than was good for him.(than 后省略了 it)省略賓語
You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了that you should spend)
省略從句的全部
You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before)
主句和從句中可同時(shí)省略一些成分。
The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).
關(guān)于高二的英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
1.基礎(chǔ)梳理
roll folk jazz musician pretend attach earn passer-by instrument cash stadio millionaire humorous actor reply attractive addition dip confident brief devotion invation beard sensitive painful above all
2.詞語歸納
1)roll
作可數(shù)名詞，表示“滾動(dòng)，搖擺”。
還可以表示“名冊”。
作動(dòng)詞，表示“滾動(dòng)，旋轉(zhuǎn)”。
roll by/roll on(歲月，時(shí)光的)流逝。
roll in大量涌入，不期然到達(dá)。
2)folk
作形容詞，表示“民間的”，通常用作定語。
作名詞，表示“人們”。
表示“家人，父母”，常用作復(fù)數(shù) 。
folks也可以用于稱呼對方。
3)clap
表示“鼓掌，輕拍”。
clap eyes on sb/sth 看見某人/某物
clap sb into prison(未經(jīng)審訊)迅速將某人送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。
4)form
作動(dòng)詞，表示“組成，形成，成立，構(gòu)成”。
form sb up將某人編入隊(duì)伍。
作名詞，表示“形式，外貌，表格”。
常見的詞組有：a matter of form例行公務(wù) after the form of跟……的格式 fill out/in a form填表 in the form of以……的形式 in form在形式上 good/bad form 有禮貌/失禮的行為
on/off form 處于良好的/不佳的狀態(tài) take form成形 take the form of 采取……的形式
in great form精神煥發(fā)
5)earn
表示“賺，掙得，獲得”。
earn one’s living/livilihood/keep/(daily)bread謀生
6)instrument
表示“工具，儀器，手段”。
表示“文件，證件，證券”是法律用語，為可數(shù)名詞。
7)hit
作名詞，表示“轟動(dòng)(或風(fēng)行)一時(shí)的人或者是物，成功;打擊”。
make a hit(with sb)給予某人良好的印象
hit也可作動(dòng)詞，表示“打，擊中，碰撞”。如果表示“打某人的腦袋”，一般說hit sb on the head。
hit用作引申義，表示“使遭受(自然災(zāi)害，損失，痛苦等)：達(dá)到，碰到，猜中”。
在口語中可以表示“突然想起”。
hit on/upon 偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，忽然想到
hit the ceiling/roof 勃然大怒
8)sort
作名詞，表示“種類，類別”。
sort of有幾分，有點(diǎn)，有些，在一定程度上
out of sorts心緒不寧，身體不適。
sort作動(dòng)詞，表示“整理，分類”。
sort sth out(from sth)將某物揀出，整理。
9)stick
作動(dòng)詞，表示“黏貼，張貼，堅(jiān)持”。
stick to sth堅(jiān)持或維持某事物(盡管有困難等)繼續(xù)做某事。
stick堅(jiān)持不懈，堅(jiān)持做;遲疑做(用在否定句或者疑問句里);氣候。
stich by sb 繼續(xù)支持并忠于某人。
stick together 團(tuán)結(jié)一致
stick with sb/sth 支持某人/某物，保持與某人/某物之間的聯(lián)系。
stick用于疑問句或者否定句表示“忍受，容忍”。
10)ability
表示“能力”后接不定式，介詞for ，in 但不能接of doing。
to the best of one’s ability盡所其能。
11)perform
表示“做，完成，履行，執(zhí)行”。
perform也可以表示“提供，演出，表演”。
12)pretend
表示“假裝，裝作”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后面接不定式，that從句，或名詞。
pretend作不及物動(dòng)詞，后接介詞to，表示“自以為有……”，其賓語是“學(xué)問，智慧，美德”等。
13)attach
attach importance to重視
be/become attach to 連在……上;附屬于;熱愛;依戀
attach to 認(rèn)為有(重要性，意義等);歸因于;適用于。
3.語法
定語從句(略)
關(guān)于高二的英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯
1.intention n.意圖，意向.目的eg：.His good intentions were repaid hv good results. 他的善意得到了善報(bào)。
It wasn't my intent‘ion to fool you.我不想騙你。
相關(guān)鏈接：intend vt.打算用法拓展：intend to do/doing sth.打算干……
intend that…should do打算…… intend sb.to do sth.打算讓某人干……
with the intention of doing sth.打算干…… withoht intention無意地特別提醒：①intend后接從句時(shí).多用虛擬語氣即should+動(dòng)詞原形;②intend， sb.to do sth.通常用在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中;③intend的過去式表示“原打算……”。
案例剖析 旁征博引 舉一反三
考題1 (典型例題分)This book, as a surprise for his sister·was lost in the mail.
A.intended B.regarded C.taken D.recognized
2.absence n.不在，缺席;缺乏eg o
I soon noticed his absence from school.我很快便察覺到他缺課了。
After an absence of seven years，1 went home.外出7年后我返回了故鄉(xiāng)。
相關(guān)鏈接：absent adj.缺席的;不在的用法拓展：be absent from不在.缺席 absence of mind心不在焉
during one's absence在某人外出期間 in one's absence—in
the absence of sb.某人不在時(shí)，某人外出時(shí)特別提醒：be absent ftom短語中用from。
考題2 (典型例題) He often asks his neighbour to look after his pet during his
A. lack B. absence C. leaving D. missing
考題2點(diǎn)撥：答案為B。此題考查during one's absenee這一結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為;“他經(jīng)常叫他的鄰居在他外出時(shí)替他照顧寵物?！?/p>
3.apart adv.相隔.相距;除去;分開eg：New York and T6kyo are thou— sands of miles apart.紐約和東京相隔數(shù)千英里。
She lives apart from her family.她跟家人分開住。
Apart from a few faults，he is quite a good teacher.除了幾個(gè)缺點(diǎn)外.他是個(gè)很好的老師。
用法拓展：aprt ftom除……之外tell…apart區(qū)分/分辨(兩種事物)，tear.一apart撕開.撕成塊200 metres apart相距200米 fall apart土崩瓦解
考題3 (典型例題分)Do you have any difficulty the twin sisters?
A. to telling out B. telling out C. to tell apart D. telling apart
考題3點(diǎn)撥：答案為D。此題考查tell…apart”區(qū)分/分辨”.同時(shí)考查have some difficulty in doing sth.“有困難干某事”。句意為：“你分清這時(shí)雙胞姐妹有困難嗎?”
4.recommend u，.推薦。介紹;勸告，建議eg： Can you recommend me a good lawyer? ‘你能推薦一位好律師給我嗎? I recommend you to see her at once.我勸你馬上去看她。
She recommended buying this dictionary.她建議買這本字典。
相關(guān)鏈接：recommendation n.推薦.推舉
用法拓展：recommend sb.sth.一recommend sth.to sb.向某人推薦某物 recommend sb.for sth.向某人介紹某事 recommend s1).to do sth.勸某人干某事(advise曲.to do sth.) recommend doing sth.建議干什么recommend that…建議……特捌提醒;recommend當(dāng)“建議”講后接從句時(shí)從句用should+動(dòng)詞原形.should可以省略。
考題4 (典型例題 分 ) How shall we go to that airport? Well. I recommend a taxi.
A. to take B. taking C. to taking D. take
考題4點(diǎn)撥;答案為B。此題考查recommend doing stK“建議干某事”。句意為：“我們怎么去機(jī)場?～我建議坐出租車去?！?/p>
5.contribute vt.貢獻(xiàn)：捐獻(xiàn);投稿e(cuò)g：
He didn't contibute anything to world peace. 他對世界和平毫無貢獻(xiàn)。
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 適度的運(yùn)動(dòng)有益于健康。
相關(guān)鏈接contribution n.貢獻(xiàn)用法拓展：contribute…to…向……捐款;對……有貢獻(xiàn)contribute to…有助于……;向……投稿 make a contribution/contributions to…對……作出貢獻(xiàn)
特別提醒：contribute…to…和make a contribution to…這兩個(gè)短語中的to都是介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
考題5 (典型例題)Eating too much fat can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. relate to B. contribute to C. attend toD. devote to
考題5點(diǎn)撥：答案為B。contribute to…意為“有助于，促成”。句意為：“吃太多_的脂肪會(huì)引起心臟病并且會(huì)造成高.~-/K。”
二、重點(diǎn)短語
6.call up征召(服役);回憶起;調(diào)動(dòng)(力量、人員等);打電話eg：
The old photograph called up memories of his ehildhood.
那張老照片喚起了他對童年時(shí)代的回憶。
He was called up right at the beginning of the war.
他是在戰(zhàn)爭一開始的時(shí)候被征召入伍的。
用法拓展call for需求，需要;(去)接caU on sb.拜訪某人;號(hào)召
cau at some place拜訪某地caU in請求收回;召來call back回電話特別提醒teall up中的up是副詞，代詞作賓語時(shí)必須放在中間。
考題6 (典型例題1 分) The picture of the park memories of our class trip last year.
A. called up B. reminded C. called on D. called for
考題6點(diǎn)撥：答案為A。call up表示“喚醒，回憶起”。句意為：“公園的相片使我回憶起去年我班郊游的事情?！?/p>
7.look up向上看;查出，了解eg：
He looked up arid something in the tree caught his eyes.
他抬頭一看了樹上的一樣?xùn)|西引起了他的注意。
Look up the word in the dictionary.
翻字典查一查這個(gè)單詞。
用法拓展;look up.一in…在……里查找look up to sb.尊敬或贊賞某人
look down on/upon看不起，輕視 look on旁觀;看作 look out注意，
當(dāng)心look into;向……里面看look round向四周看 look through瀏覽
考題7 (典型例題)Do I have to stop to the new words I come across while am reading a book?
A. look at B. look for C. look up D. look into
考題7點(diǎn)撥;答案為c。look dp“(在詞典或參考書中)查閱(詞或責(zé)料)”。句意為：“當(dāng)我在閱讀時(shí)，碰到生詞我必須停_F來查單詞.的含義嗎?
【同步練習(xí)題】
1. I bought this dress ________ for ?35;it used to be ?85.
A.for sale B.on sale C.at sale D.in sale
解析：on sale可作“大甩賣;清倉大廉售”解。
答案：B
2. Almost nobody can stand ________ fun of before a crowd of people.
A.to be made B.to make C.being made D.making
解析：stand作“忍受”解，用于否定句中，后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
答案：C
3. ________ what I think, what would you like to do?
A.Setting aside B.Setting out C.Setting about D.Setting off
解析：set aside意為“拋開;把……暫放一邊”。
答案：A
4. She missed the plane, ________ driving very fast to the airport.
A.despite B.unless C.though D.without
解析：despite是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞，意為“盡管，雖然”。
答案：A
5. I wouldn’t feel happy ________ in a block of apartments.I’d rather ________ in a
traditional house.
A.living;to live B.living;live
C.to live;to live D.to live;living
解析：第一個(gè)空白處用living作原因狀語;would rather后接動(dòng)詞原形。
答案：B
6. The road sign is easy to read;the words ________ well.
A.make out B.stand out
C.work out D.turn out
解析：題意是“那些字很醒目?！眘tand out“突出”。
答案：B
7. Do I have to stop to ________ the new words I come across while I am reading a book?
A.look at B.look for
C.look up D.look into
解析：“在字典中查單詞”用look up。
答案：C
8. I don’t like those blue socks;what have you got ______?
A.though B.yet C.instead D.besides
解析：題意是“除了這些藍(lán)色的襪子外，你們還有什么樣的?”
答案：D
9. ________ all his friends agree, he was unusually warm-hearted, loving and generous.
A.What B.That C.When D.As
解析：題意是“正如他的朋友們所認(rèn)為的那樣”，用as引導(dǎo)定語從句。
答案：D
10.—How shall we go to that airport?
—Well, I recommend ________ a taxi.
A.to take B.taking C.to taking D.take
解析：recommend后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。
答案：B
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