高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的應(yīng)試技巧有哪些
高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的應(yīng)試技巧有哪些
聽(tīng)力測(cè)試不同于筆試,不可能在試卷上反復(fù)細(xì)致的推敲,而是要按規(guī)定的時(shí)間邊聽(tīng)錄音邊做題目,具有一定的難度,常常造成失分過(guò)多。因此,要做好聽(tīng)力測(cè)試題,除了要具有較好的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和良好的心理狀態(tài)外,掌握必要的解題技巧亦很重要。下面介紹一下應(yīng)試技巧。
一.聽(tīng)力應(yīng)試技巧與策略
聽(tīng)前:略讀題目,切入話(huà)題,劃出重點(diǎn),預(yù)測(cè)內(nèi)容(確定人物身份)
聽(tīng)中:捕捉信息,速記要點(diǎn),有的放矢,去偽存真
聽(tīng)后:連貫記憶,前后聯(lián)系,綜合考慮,一錘定音。
二.快速記錄能力
心記:這種能力對(duì)于解決聽(tīng)力第1節(jié)的問(wèn)題非常適用。
筆記:
1)運(yùn)用速記符號(hào)例如:↑up↓down←left→right=equal
2)發(fā)明并運(yùn)用字母的縮寫(xiě)形式Ex——expensive lg——large eq——earthquake
三.預(yù)測(cè)技巧
1.對(duì)話(huà)預(yù)測(cè):在聽(tīng)取對(duì)話(huà),尤其是Part1-5——Short Conversation時(shí),考生可以按照下例wh-問(wèn)題進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè):
1)Who are the two speakers?
2)What is the possible Relationships between them?
3)When did they have the conversation?
4)Where did the conversation take place?
5)Why do they have the conversation?
6)What did they plan to do?
2.語(yǔ)篇預(yù)測(cè):了解講話(huà)者已提供和未提供的信息
1)What facts did the speaker offer?
2)What facts did the speaker fail to offer?
3.依靠開(kāi)篇句預(yù)測(cè):英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的第一句話(huà)通常會(huì)透露整篇的主題,所以考生要善于抓住聽(tīng)力材料的首句信息。
例如:Americans have a popular saying “Time is money?!?/p>
從這一句開(kāi)篇句我們可以預(yù)測(cè)的信息范圍:
1)這是一篇關(guān)于時(shí)間的話(huà)題。
2)涉及對(duì)象是美國(guó)人。
四.聽(tīng)力特點(diǎn)及高分應(yīng)試策略
話(huà)題廣泛:購(gòu)物、就餐、打電話(huà)、問(wèn)路、看病、邀請(qǐng)、詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間、談?wù)撎鞖狻⒓偃栈顒?dòng)、買(mǎi)票等,其內(nèi)容包含新聞報(bào)道、社會(huì)生活、教育文化、風(fēng)土人情、歷史地理、科普知識(shí)、人物故事等。高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力一般從以下幾方面考查考生對(duì)口頭語(yǔ)言的理解能力:
1.領(lǐng)略主旨大意,概括話(huà)題內(nèi)容
這類(lèi)試題在高考聽(tīng)力試題中約占2小題,它要求我們對(duì)聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容有一個(gè)整體的把握和全面的領(lǐng)會(huì),抓住說(shuō)話(huà)者究竟在說(shuō)什么。任何一段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白都是圍繞一個(gè)中心展開(kāi)的,有時(shí)主旨大意較明顯,有時(shí)則需要?dú)w納、概括。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:
What’s the passage mainly about?
What’s the topic of the passage?
What are the two speakers doing?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What is the dialogue/conversation about?
2.捕捉主要細(xì)節(jié),確認(rèn)具體事實(shí)
這類(lèi)試題在高考聽(tīng)力試題中約占8小題。它要求我們聽(tīng)清、聽(tīng)懂與話(huà)題中心相關(guān)的具體信息,準(zhǔn)確理解具體細(xì)節(jié),如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、價(jià)錢(qián)、數(shù)量、目的、原因、結(jié)果等。同時(shí),還要求我們對(duì)所聽(tīng)到的信息進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的處理,比如數(shù)字運(yùn)算、時(shí)間順序、比較篩選、同義轉(zhuǎn)換、因果關(guān)系等。理解具體信息有助于把握話(huà)題內(nèi)容,領(lǐng)會(huì)說(shuō)話(huà)者意圖,這是聽(tīng)力考查的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:
Where is the woman going?
How does the man pay for the tickets?
What’s wrong with the girl?
When does the woman plan to arrive?
What’s the man’s house number?
How many hours does Tom sleep a day?
Why does the man thank the woman?
Which of the following is true?
3.推測(cè)談話(huà)背景,辨認(rèn)角色關(guān)系
這類(lèi)試題在高考聽(tīng)力試題中約占5小題,要求我們從談話(huà)或說(shuō)話(huà)的話(huà)題和語(yǔ)氣來(lái)推斷出對(duì)話(huà)雙方(或說(shuō)話(huà)人)的職業(yè)身份,彼此之間(或與他人)的關(guān)系,對(duì)話(huà)發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)合等。常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:
Where does this conversation take place?
Where is the woman speaking?
Where did the conversation most likely happen?
When does the dialogue take place?
Who do you think the woman probably is?
What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
4.領(lǐng)會(huì)弦外之音,揣摩觀點(diǎn)意圖
這類(lèi)試題在高考聽(tīng)力試題中約占5小題,它要求我們從話(huà)語(yǔ)中聽(tīng)出其中可能有的“弦外之音”,也就是揣摩說(shuō)話(huà)人的意圖、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度等,常見(jiàn)的提問(wèn)方式有:
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?
What can we know /learn about the woman?
What does the man mean?
What does the speakers want to tell us?
What is the probable result of the conversation?
總之,不僅要在平時(shí)多聽(tīng)多練,還要在考試過(guò)程中熟練運(yùn)用各種技巧,這樣才能拿到聽(tīng)力高分。