高考必背的英語語法知識(shí)資料總結(jié)

每一種語言都有一定的法則，英語語法就是英語的基本法則，高考要注意哪些英語語法呢?下面是小編為大家整理的關(guān)于高考必背的英語語法知識(shí)資料，歡迎大家來閱讀。

高考英語?？嫉乃膫€(gè)語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1. 語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)

—Do you see those people on the little sandy island?

—Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.

A. were waving B. waved C. had waved D. have been waving

【正確答案】D

【高考考點(diǎn)】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示一個(gè)從過去某一時(shí)刻開始的動(dòng)作，一直延續(xù)到說話時(shí)還在進(jìn)行或剛結(jié)束，句中常出現(xiàn)用for, since, how long等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語。e.g. His telephone has been ringing for a long time.e.g. It has been raining since last Sunday. e.g. How long have you been wearing glasses?

【題干句意】“你有沒有看見那些在小島上的人?”“是的，我看見了。他們在過去的半小時(shí)里一直在揮手帕，我不知道為什么?！?/p>

【詳細(xì)解析】這個(gè)揮手帕的動(dòng)作是在半小時(shí)前開始的，然后一直在揮，一直揮到了說話的這個(gè)時(shí)候，所以我們用的是一個(gè)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。我們再來看一下其他幾個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)：

A選項(xiàng)是were waving——過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，它指的是：①過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行;②過去某一階段正在進(jìn)行;B. waved——過去時(shí)，過去某時(shí)間發(fā)生的且已完成的動(dòng)作，所以我們知道A和B這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)都是和過去有關(guān)，而和現(xiàn)在是沒有一點(diǎn)關(guān)系的，所以A和B這兩個(gè)答案錯(cuò)了。

C. had waved——過去完成時(shí)：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，那么它所表達(dá)的時(shí)候是在過去的過去，例如：e.g. By the end of last year, we had built 5 new schools.到去年年底為止，我們已經(jīng)建造了5所學(xué)校。首先，過去的時(shí)間是去年年底;而句子表達(dá)的意思是在去年年底之前，所以我們用過去完成時(shí)——had build.和現(xiàn)在是更加沒有聯(lián)系了，所以這個(gè)答案也是不正確的。

題干中的時(shí)間狀語是“for the last half hour”，注意這個(gè)last不是指“最后的”，而是指“剛才的——在剛才的半個(gè)小時(shí)里”，那么往往呢句中出現(xiàn)last,或者是last half hour、recent這種詞的話，我們一般都會(huì)選擇現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，因?yàn)樗傅氖恰皠偛拧?，那么肯定指“從剛才到現(xiàn)在”。所以本題答案是D.

2. 名詞性從句

The information could be helpful to ____will take over the job.

A. those B. who C. whoever D. anyone

【正確答案】C

【高考考點(diǎn)】考查名詞性從句，顧名思義就是名詞，它可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語和同位語，所以相應(yīng)的名詞性從句也分為有主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。此題考的就是介詞to后的賓語從句。

【題干句意】“這個(gè)消息可能會(huì)對任何將接管這個(gè)工作的人有所幫助?！眞hoever = anyone who“任何怎么怎么樣的人”所以這個(gè)答案是正確的。我們再來看其他幾個(gè)答案為什么不對呢?

【詳細(xì)解析】A選項(xiàng)是those，如果those填在這里的話就會(huì)變成缺少關(guān)系代詞who，如選those，那those will take over the job“那些人將會(huì)取代這個(gè)工作”，它就變成了一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，而不是一個(gè)從句，更加就不是一個(gè)賓語從句了，所以從原則上說它是錯(cuò)誤的，那么怎樣改才是正確的呢?很簡單，只要在這個(gè)those的后面加一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞who，把它變成一個(gè)定語從句——those who will take over the job，“那些將要接管這個(gè)工作的人”，那么這樣就可以了。

B選項(xiàng)是who在名詞性從句中表示疑問，e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. D選項(xiàng)是anyone，錯(cuò)誤的原因也是缺少關(guān)系代詞who.

比較those who和anyone who，前者是“那些……的人”，后者表示“任何……的人”。區(qū)別就是在于those who是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的概念，“那些人”，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而anyone who是表示任何一個(gè)人，后面要用單數(shù)的謂語動(dòng)詞。

3. 虛擬語氣和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

—David, we went to Lake Geneva for the weekend.

—That _______ a very nice change. I wish I had gone there.

A. must be B. must have been C. could be D. could have been

【正確答案】B

【高考考點(diǎn)】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

首先A和B里面都有must，must表推測，它表示“肯定…”，這個(gè)語氣是非常確定的，百分之百的;那么當(dāng)must表推測的時(shí)候呢，它還可以表示不同的時(shí)間，例如：

第一，must be表示的是“現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)”，He must be a teacher. 他肯定是一個(gè)老師。

第二，must be doing表示“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”，They must be having a meeting in the office.他們現(xiàn)在肯定正在辦公室里開會(huì)。

第三，must have done表示“過去發(fā)生的事情”，You must have met him yesterday.你昨天肯定見過他了。讓我們看一下將“must have been”填到題干里面是否正確?句意：“David,我們周末去了日內(nèi)瓦湖。”“哦，那肯定是一個(gè)非常好的改變，我希望我也去那里了?！边@里是表示一個(gè)肯定的推測;又因?yàn)槭巧蟼€(gè)周末的事情，說明這件事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，我們所以用B. must have been,而不是A。

【詳細(xì)解析】C選項(xiàng)是could輕微的懷疑或委婉的陳述看法，“可能”e.g. His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.他所說的這個(gè)故事可能是真的，但是我基本上不相信。

D選項(xiàng)是could have done虛擬語氣，某事過去有可能發(fā)生而實(shí)際沒有，“本來可以”，表示惋惜、遺憾　e.g. The accident could have been prevented.這個(gè)車禍原本是可以避免的。e.g. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.你原本是可以做的更好的，但是你并沒有盡自己最大的努力。

4. 代詞

Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _______ by means of speech.

A. other B. another C. the other D. an other

【正確答案】B

【高考考點(diǎn)】考查代詞

【詳細(xì)解析】other用作代詞時(shí)，意為“另一個(gè)”、“別人”，不單獨(dú)使用：the other, others, the others.

1. the other ① 兩者中的另一個(gè)，與one連用(就兩者)，one hand / the other hand ② 用作定語 + [pl.]，另一方中的“全部其余的” I like this book, and I like the other books too. 我喜歡這本書，我也喜歡其他所有的書。

2. others是other的[pl.]，泛指“別的人或物”(但不含全部) 。e.g. Some are carrying water; others are watering the trees. 一些人在提水，另外一些人在澆樹。(others指的“其他人”不是剩下的全部，而是“一部分”)

3. the others是the other的復(fù)數(shù)形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”。e.g. I have ten pencils. Two of them are red, and the others are blue.我有10支鉛筆，其中的兩支是紅色的，其余的(8只)是藍(lán)色的。

4. another用作代詞時(shí)，常與one組合構(gòu)成one … another，“另一個(gè)人”、“另一回事”，指同一組內(nèi)的兩個(gè)個(gè)體。e.g. One person may like fishing, while another may prefer hunting.一個(gè)人可能是喜歡釣魚，而另一個(gè)可能喜歡打獵。(世界上不可能有2個(gè)人，所以它指的是沒有一個(gè)特指的，“其他一個(gè)人”)

【題干句意】知識(shí)是開始增加的，當(dāng)一個(gè)個(gè)人把他的想法通過語言表達(dá)給另一個(gè)人的時(shí)候。這里指的是另一個(gè)人，并沒有一個(gè)特指的范圍說是誰，是哪里的另外一個(gè)人，所以用one …another。D選項(xiàng)沒有這種用法。

高考英語語法常考點(diǎn)歸納

高考英語常見連接詞必備語法

(1)表選擇關(guān)系或?qū)Φ汝P(guān)系的連接詞：either…or…,neither…nor…,or,aswellas,and,both…and….

(2)表因果關(guān)系的'連接詞：therefore,so,asaresult,astheresultof,becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto等。

(3)表時(shí)間順序的連接詞：

the moment,as soon as,at first,then,later,mean while,at the beginning,in the end,before long,for the first time,the minute.

(4)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞：yet,and yet,but,while,on the contrary,on the otherhand,however,at the same time等。

(5)表解釋說明的連接詞：that is,that is to say,in other words,such as,for example,for instance,and soon,etc,

and the like,and what not等。

(6)表總結(jié)的連接詞：in aword,onthe whole,in short,to sumup,in all等

高考英語主語必備語法

主語：主語是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。在原始的簡單句中，主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞表示。例如：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名詞)

We often speak English in class.(代詞)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(數(shù)詞)

The rich should help the poor.(名詞化的形容詞)

高考英語謂語必備語法

謂語(動(dòng)詞)：謂語說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：

1.簡單謂語：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如：He practices running every morning.

2.復(fù)合謂語：(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caughta bad cold. (2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：We are students.

在英語中一個(gè)簡單句只能有一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞(知道為什么嗎)，而且，我們平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)態(tài)是針對謂語動(dòng)詞來說。如果以do為例，do, did ,have done, will do, had done, is/am/are doing, was/were doing, would do。在簡單句中，謂語動(dòng)詞和主語是句子的核心，是不可以隨意刪掉的。

高考英語賓語必備語法

賓語：賓語表示動(dòng)作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：

They went to see an exhibition(展覽)yesterday.(名詞)

The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.(代詞)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(數(shù)詞)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名詞化形容詞)

高考英語表語必備語法

表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞。

Our teacher of English is an American.(名詞)

Is it yours?(代詞)

The weather has turned cold.(形容詞)

The speech is exciting.(分詞)

高考英語語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)有哪些

1、名詞

(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)

(2)不可數(shù)名詞

(3)專有名詞

(4)名詞所有格

2、代詞

(1)人稱代詞：主格和賓格形式

(2)物主代詞：形容詞與名詞性形式

(3)反身代詞：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.

(4)指示代詞 this, that, these, those

(5)不定代詞 some, any, no, etc.

(6)疑問代詞 what, who, whose, which, etc.

3、數(shù)詞

(1)基數(shù)詞

(2)序數(shù)詞

4、介詞和介詞短語詞：匯表中所列介詞的基本用法

5、連詞：詞匯表中所列連詞的基本用法

6、形容詞 (比較級和最高級)

(1)作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語的基本用法

(2)比較等級 ( 原級、比較級、最高級)的基本用法

①構(gòu)成 -er, -est; more, the most

②基本句型

as+原級形式+as. . .

not as ( so)+原級形式+as. . .

比較級形式+than. . .

the+最高級形式+. . . in ( of). . .

7、副詞 (比較級和最高級)

(1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等的基本用法

(2)疑問副詞when, where, how

(3)比較等級 ( 原級、比較級、最高級)

①構(gòu)成 -er, -est; more, the most

②基本句型

as+原級形式+as. . .

not as ( so)+原級形式+as. . .

比較級形式+than. . .

the+最高級形式+. . . in ( of). . .

8、冠詞：一般用法

9、動(dòng)詞

(1)行為動(dòng)詞或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞 ：①及物動(dòng)詞 ②不及物動(dòng)詞

(2)連系動(dòng)詞 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.

(3)助動(dòng)詞 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.

(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 can, may, must, need, etc.

10、時(shí)態(tài)

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

I get up at six o'clock every morning.

He doesn't speak Russian.

They are very busy.

The moon moves round the earth.

When you see him, tell him to come to my place.

I'll go to see you tonight if I'm free.

(2)一般過去時(shí)

I was in Grade One last year.

I got up at five yesterday.

(3)一般將來時(shí)

①shall ( will)+動(dòng)詞原形

I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.

She will be here tomorrow.

②be going to+動(dòng)詞原形

I'm going to help him.

(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

We're reading the text now.

They're waiting for a bus.

(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

I have already posted the letter.

They have lived here for ten years.

(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

We were having a meeting this time yesterday.

The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.

(7)過去完成時(shí)

We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.

The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.

She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing.

(8)過去將來時(shí)

He said he would go to the cinema that evening.

Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.

11、被動(dòng)語態(tài) (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般將來時(shí))

(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

English is taught in that school.

(2)一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

The song was written by that worker.

(3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

She must be sent to hospital at once.

(4)一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

The homework will be done in two hours .

12、非謂語動(dòng)詞

(1)動(dòng)詞不定式 (全部掌握)

①作主語

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

②作賓語 They began to read.

③作賓語補(bǔ)足語

Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.

We often heard her sing.

④作定語

I have an important meeting to attend.

⑤作狀語

She went to see her grandma yesterday.

⑥用在how, when, where, what, which等之后

I don't know how to use a computer.

Do you know when to start?

He didn't know what to do next.

(2)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式

(3)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式

13、構(gòu)詞法

(1)合成法：classroom, something, reading-room

(2)派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy

(3)轉(zhuǎn)化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )

(4)縮寫和簡寫

14、句子種類

(1)陳述句 (肯定式和否定式)

(2)疑問句:一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、反意疑問句

(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)

(4)感嘆句

15、句子成分

(1)主語

Betty likes her new bike.

He gets up early every day.

To learn a foreign language is not easy.

(2)謂語(主謂一致)

We work hard.

The boy caught a bird.

He is my brother.

They all look fine.

(3)表語

Her sister is a nurse.

It's me.

I'm ready.

He got angry.

We were at home last night.

His cup is broken.

(4)賓語

Tom bought a story-book.

I saw him yesterday.

He wanted to have a cup of tea.

(5)直接賓語和間接賓語

He gave me some ink.

Our teacher told us an interesting story.

(6)賓語補(bǔ)足語

Call her Xiao Li.

You must keep the room clean.

John asked me to help him.

(7)定語

This is a green jeep.

This is an apple tree.

Are these students your classmates?

Winter is the coldest season of the year.

I have something to tell you.

(8)狀語

You are quite right.

She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.

He stopped to have a look.

16、簡單句的基本句型

第一種：主語+連系動(dòng)詞+表語 ( S+V+P)

The bike is new/in the room .

第二種：主語+不及物動(dòng)詞 ( S+V)

He swims.

第三種：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語 ( S+V+O)

Children often sing this song.

第四種：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語 ( S+V+IO+DO)

She showed her friends all her pictures.

第五種：主語+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語 ( S+V+O+C)

We keep our classroom clean and tidy.

第六種：there be句型

17、主謂一致

—Did you go to the show last night?

—Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area________invited

A.were

B.have been

C.has been

D.was

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)問句的時(shí)態(tài)可知此處時(shí)態(tài)用一般過去時(shí)。And連接的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞作主語，其前用every，each，no，many a等來修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，故本題選D。A項(xiàng)主謂一致錯(cuò)誤;B項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)、主謂一致錯(cuò)誤;C項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。

18、并列復(fù)合句

He likes maths, but he needs help.

I help him and he helps me.

19、主從復(fù)合句

(1)賓語從句

He said ( that) he felt sick.

I take back what I said.

I don't know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.

I can't tell who is there.

Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?

(2)狀語從句

The train had left when I got to the station.

I'll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I'm free.

The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.

The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldn't walk on.

Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.

Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.

(3)定語從句

Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.

Show me the picture that you like best.

Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.

(4)主語從句

(5)同位語從句

(6)表語從句

20、直接引語與間接引語

“ I will go to Shijiazhuang tomorrow”，mom said . →Mom said she would go to Shijiazhuang the next day .

21、省略

一、祈使句自然可省去主語，如：

Leave him in peace! 不要去打擾他!

Come at one o'clock sharp. 準(zhǔn)一點(diǎn)鐘來。

Listen to me, children! 聽我講，孩子們!

Look both ways before you cross the road. 過馬路之前要向兩邊看看。

二、除祈使句外，還有其他省去主語的情況，如：

Don't know. 我不知道。(省去主語I)

Beg your pardon. 請?jiān)彙?省去主語I)

Had a good time, didn't you?玩得很好，不是嗎?(省去主語you)

Doesn't look too well. 他臉色不大好。(省去主語he或she)

Looks like rain. 像是要下雨了。(省去主語it)

三、Must be somebody waiting for you. 一定是有人在等你。

Appears to be a big crowd in the hall. 大廳里似乎有一大群人。