人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
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人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
句子成分和類型
1.主語(yǔ):句子所陳述的對(duì)象。
2.謂語(yǔ):主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。一般是有動(dòng)作意義的動(dòng)詞。
3.賓語(yǔ):分為動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)和介詞賓語(yǔ),屬于動(dòng)作的承受者。
4.系動(dòng)詞:表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞,沒(méi)有實(shí)際的動(dòng)作意義。如 be, 感官系動(dòng)詞(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持類系動(dòng)詞(keep, stay 和 remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動(dòng)詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
5.表語(yǔ):緊跟系動(dòng)詞后面的成分。
6.定語(yǔ):修飾名詞或代詞的成分。
7.狀語(yǔ): 修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或句子的成分。
8.補(bǔ)語(yǔ):分為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。是對(duì)賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,與其有主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系。
例如:You should keep the room clean and tidy.
你應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。
(You是主語(yǔ), should keep是謂語(yǔ),the room是賓語(yǔ),clean and tidy是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。)
This kind of food tastes delicious.
這種食物吃起來(lái)很可口。
(This kind of food是主語(yǔ), tastes是系動(dòng)詞, delicious是表語(yǔ)。)
注意:主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、系動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的主干成分;定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子的修飾性成分,不是主干成分。
9.簡(jiǎn)單句的基本形式是由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)加一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。
10.復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。
11.兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”。
一般疑問(wèn)句
一、不用疑問(wèn)詞,但需要用yes或no回答的疑問(wèn)句,叫一般疑問(wèn)句。句末用問(wèn)號(hào)“?”。
一般疑問(wèn)句的基本用法及結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問(wèn)句用于對(duì)某一情況提出疑問(wèn),通??捎脃es和no來(lái)回答,讀時(shí)用升調(diào)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“be / have / 助動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(表語(yǔ))”:
Is he interested in going? 他有興趣去嗎?
Have you ever been to Japan? 你到過(guò)日本嗎?
Does she often have colds? 她常常感冒嗎?
Did you ask her which to buy? 你問(wèn)沒(méi)問(wèn)她該買哪一個(gè)?
二、陳述句變一般疑問(wèn)句的方法
1.動(dòng)詞be的疑問(wèn)式:動(dòng)詞be根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有am, is, are, was, were等不同形式,可用作連系動(dòng)詞(表示“是”、“在”等)和助動(dòng)詞(用于構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)等),但不管何種情況,構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式時(shí),一律將動(dòng)詞be的適當(dāng)形式置于句首:句型:Be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)~?
Is your father angry?你父親生氣了嗎?
Yes,he is.是的,他生氣了。
No,he isn't.不,他沒(méi)生氣。
Were the babies crying last night?(進(jìn)行時(shí))
昨天晚上這些孩子們一直在哭嗎?
Yes,they were.是的,他們?cè)诳蕖?/p>
No,they weren't.不,他們沒(méi)哭。
Is English spoken all over the world?(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
全世界都說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎?
Yes,it is.是的。
No,it isn't.不。
2.動(dòng)詞have的疑問(wèn)式:動(dòng)詞have根據(jù)不同的時(shí)態(tài)和人稱可以有have, has, had等形式,可以用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞,分以下情況討論:
①用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示狀態(tài),如表示擁有、患病或用于have to表示“必須”等,在構(gòu)成構(gòu)成式時(shí)可以直接將have, has, had置于句首,也可根據(jù)情況在句首使用do, does, did:
Does he have [Has he] anything to say? 他有什么話要說(shuō)嗎?
Do you have [Have you] to leave so soon? 你必須這么早走嗎?
Did you have [Had you] any friends then? 他當(dāng)時(shí)有朋友嗎?
②用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作,如表示“吃(=eat)”、“喝(=drink)”、“拿(=take)”、“收到(=receive)”、“度過(guò)(=spend)”等,構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式時(shí)不能將have提前至句首,而應(yīng)在句首使用do, does, did:
Does he have breakfast at home? 他在家吃早餐嗎?
Did you have a good time at the party? 你在晚會(huì)上玩得高興嗎?
③完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句
句型:Have(Has)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+~?
Have you known her since your childhood?
你從童年就認(rèn)識(shí)她嗎?
Yes,I have.是的。
No,I haven't.不。
過(guò)去完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句
句型:Had +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+~?
Had he learned about two thousand English
words before he came here?
他來(lái)這里以前就已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約兩千個(gè)單詞了嗎?
Yes,he had.是的。
No,he hadn't.不。
3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式通常是將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于句首:
句型:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形~?
Can you bring me some apples?
你能給我拿來(lái)些蘋果嗎?
Yes,I can.是的,可以。
No,I can't.不,不可以。
Can you speak English? 你會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)嗎?
Must I finish the work at once? 我必須馬上完成工作嗎?
4.實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式:一般實(shí)意動(dòng)詞的疑問(wèn)式,通常應(yīng)根據(jù)不同時(shí)態(tài)和人稱在句首加助動(dòng)詞do, does, did等:
句型:Do(Does,Did)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形~?
Do you go to school every day? 你每天都上學(xué)嗎?
Does the boy like dancing? 這男孩喜歡唱歌嗎?
Did you see the film last night? 你昨晚看了這部電影嗎?
Did he do morning exercises yesterday?
昨天他做早操了嗎?
Yes,he did.是的,他做了。
No,he didn't.不,他沒(méi)做。
特殊疑問(wèn)句
用疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句叫做特殊疑問(wèn)句?;卮鹛厥庖蓡?wèn)句時(shí)不能用yes或no。用降調(diào)。為了便于理解、掌握特殊疑問(wèn)句,我們把疑問(wèn)詞分為三類:
疑問(wèn)代詞:what,who,Which,whose,whom
疑問(wèn)副詞:when,where,why,how
疑問(wèn)形容詞:what(which,whose)+名詞
一、疑問(wèn)代詞的用法
1.what引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句
此類疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。
A.對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What is in your pocket?
你口袋里有什么?
這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以有兩種回答:
a:There is an egg in it.
在口袋里有一個(gè)蛋。
b:An egg is(in it).
一個(gè)蛋(在里面)。
There are a lot of chairs in it.
=A 1ot of chairs are in it.有許多椅子。
注意
回答此句型的問(wèn)題時(shí),答句的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。
B.對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What did you buy?你買了什么?
C.對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)
What is this?這是什么?
It's a bench.這是一條長(zhǎng)凳。
What is your mother?你媽媽是干什么的?
2.Who,whom,whose引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句
此類疑問(wèn)句可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。
Who broke the window?(對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
誰(shuí)打破了窗戶?
who可以對(duì)主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)提問(wèn)。whom是who的賓格,對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn),但在口語(yǔ)中who可以代替whom。
Li Ming did.李明打破的。
Who is that woman?(對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
那個(gè)女人是誰(shuí)?
She is my mother.她是我媽媽。(關(guān)系)
或者:She is Rose.她是羅思。(姓名)
二、疑問(wèn)形容詞的用法
what,which,whose后面跟上名詞時(shí),這三個(gè)疑問(wèn)詞起形容詞作用。
What sports do you like?(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
你喜歡什么運(yùn)動(dòng)?
I like basketball.我喜歡籃球。
Whose pens are these?(對(duì)表語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
這些是誰(shuí)的鋼筆?
They are Li Ming's.這些是李明的。
Whose father died two years ago?(對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
兩年前誰(shuí)的父親死了?
Which picture did you take?(對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
哪一張照片是你拍的?
I took the one on the right.
右邊的那一張是我拍的。
三、疑問(wèn)副詞的用法
句型:疑問(wèn)副詞+一般疑問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)序~?
(疑問(wèn)副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ),所以它們不可能對(duì)主語(yǔ)提問(wèn))
when引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句:詢問(wèn)時(shí)間
When were you born?你何時(shí)出生?
(I was born)on June 5,1962.
我是1962年6月5日出生的。
八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
Unit 1.How often do you exercise?
I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納:
on weekends 在周末
1. go to the movies 去看電影
2. look after=take care of 照顧
3. surf the internet 上網(wǎng)
4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
5. go skateboarding 去滑滑板
watch TV看電視
6. keep healthy=stay healthy = keep in good health 保持健康
keep + 形容詞 表保持某種狀態(tài)
do some reading 閱讀
7. exercise= take/do (much) exercise=do sports鍛煉
8. eating habits 飲食習(xí)慣
9. take more exercise 做更多的運(yùn)動(dòng)
10. the same as 與什么相同
11. once a month一月一次
12. be different from 不同
13. twice a week一周兩次.three times a week一周三次
14. make a difference to 對(duì)什么有影響
As teachers, you must believe that you can make a difference to the lives of your students.
身為教師,你們必須堅(jiān)信你們能夠影響學(xué)生的一生。
A false step will make a great difference to my future.
錯(cuò)走一步對(duì)我的前程來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大影響。
15. how often 多久一次,詢問(wèn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率
how many times 多少次 ,用來(lái)提問(wèn)做某事的次數(shù)
16. although=though雖然 <不能與but連用>
Although he is old, he is quite strong.
(He is old, but he is quite strong.)
句子中,有although或though就不可再用but,但可用yet或still“仍然,還”;有because就不能再用so.
17. most of the students=most students大多數(shù)學(xué)生
18. shop=go shopping=do some shopping 購(gòu)物
19. as for至于
20. activity survey活動(dòng)調(diào)查
21. do homework做家庭作業(yè)
22. do house work做家務(wù)事
23. eat less meat吃更少的肉
24. junk food垃圾食物
25. be good for 對(duì)什么有益
26. be bad for對(duì)什么有害
27. want to do sth 想做某事
28. want sb to do sth想某人做某事
29. try to do sth 盡量做某事
30. come home from school放學(xué)回家
英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?
anyone['eniw?n] pron.任何人
anywhere ['eniwe?(r)]adv.任何地方 n.任何(一個(gè))地方
wonderful ['w?nd?fl]adj.精彩的;極好的
few [fju?] adj.很少的;n.少量
most [m??st] adj.最多的;大多數(shù)的;
something ['s?mθ??]pron.某事物;
nothing(=not…anything)['n?θ??] pron.沒(méi)有什么n.沒(méi)有
myself [ma?'self]pron.我自己
everyone ['evriw?n]pron.每人;人人
yourself [j??'self]pron.你自己;你親自
hen [hen] n.母雞;雌禽
bored [b??d] adj.無(wú)聊的;厭煩的;郁悶的
pig n.豬
diary ['da??ri] n.日記;日記簿(keep a diary)
seem [si?m] vi.似乎;好像
someone ['s?mw?n]pron.某人;有人
quite a few相當(dāng)多;不少(后接可數(shù)名詞)
of course [?vk??s]當(dāng)然
activity [?k't?v?ti]n.活動(dòng);活躍
decide [d?'sa?d]v.決定;選定(decide to do sth.)
try [tra?] v.嘗試;設(shè)法;努力 (try to do sth. /try doing sth.)
bird [b??d] n.鳥(niǎo);禽
paragliding ['p?r?ɡla?d??]n.空中滑翔跳傘
bicycle ['ba?s?kl]n.自行車
building ['b?ld??]n.建筑物
trader ['tre?d?(r)]n.商人;商船
wonder ['w?nd?(r)]v.驚奇;想知道;懷疑
difference ['d?fr?ns]n.差異;不同
top [t?p] n.頂部;頂
wait [we?t] v.等;等待(wait for)
umbrella [?m'brel?]n.傘;雨傘
wet [wet] adj.濕的;雨天的
below [b?'l??]prep.低于;在...下面adv.在下面
as [?z] conj.如同;像...一樣
enough [?'n?f]adj.足夠的adv.足夠地;充分地
duck [d?k] n.鴨肉;鴨
hungry(反full) ['h??ɡri] adj.饑餓的;渴望的
feel like(doingsth.)想要
dislike [d?s'la?k]v.不喜歡;厭惡 n.不喜愛(ài);厭惡;反感
重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1. go on vacation去度假
2.stay at home 待在家里
3.go to the mountains 去爬山
4. go to the beach 去海灘
5. visit museums 參觀博物館
6. go to summer camp 去參加夏令營(yíng)
7.quite a few 相當(dāng)多
8.study for 為……而學(xué)習(xí)
9.go out 出去
10.most of the time 大部分時(shí)間
11. taste good 嘗起來(lái)很好吃
12.have a good time 玩得高興
13. of course 當(dāng)然
14.feel like 給……的感覺(jué);感受到
15.go shopping 去購(gòu)物
16.in the past 在過(guò)去
17. walk around 四處走走
18. because of 因?yàn)?/p>
19. one bowl of… 一碗……
20. the next day 第二天
21. drink tea 喝茶
22. find out 找出; 查明
23. go on 繼續(xù)
24.take photos 照相
25. something important 重要的事
26. up and down 上上下下
27. come up 出來(lái)
28. buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物
29. taste + adj. 嘗起來(lái)……
30. look+adj. 看起來(lái)……
31.nothing…but+動(dòng)詞原形 除了……之外什么都沒(méi)有
32.seem+(tobe)+ adj. 看起來(lái)……
33. arrive in+大地點(diǎn) / arrive at+小地點(diǎn) 到達(dá)某地
34.decide to do sth. 決定去做某事
35. try doing sth. 嘗試做某事 /
36. try to do sth. 盡力去做某事
37. forget doingsth. 忘記做過(guò)某事/
38. forget to dosth. 忘記做某事
39. enjoy doingsth. 喜歡做某事
40. want to do sth. 想去做某事
41. start doing sth. 開(kāi)始做某事
42. stop doing sth. 停止做某事
43. dislike doing sth.不喜歡做某事
44. keep doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事
45. Why not do. sth.? 為什么不做……呢?
46. so+adj.+that+從句 如此……以至于……
47. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人(不要)做某事
48 .have a good time=enjoy oneself=have fun(doing sth.)玩得痛快
三、重點(diǎn)句子:
1. Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪兒度假的?
2. Long time no see. 好久不見(jiàn)。
3. Did you go anywhere interesting? 你去有趣的地方了嗎?
4. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.
大多數(shù)時(shí)間我只呆在家里看書(shū)和放松。
5. Everything was excellent. 一切都很棒。
6. I bought something for my father. 我給我爸爸買了些東西。
7. How did you like it? 你覺(jué)得它怎么樣?
8. I arrived at Penang in Malaysia this morning with myfamily.
今天早晨我和家人到達(dá)馬來(lái)西亞檳城。
9. For lunch, we had something very special. 午飯我們吃了很特別的東西。
10. …butmany of the old buildings are still there.
……但是許多舊的建筑物還在那里。
11. My father and I decided to go to Penang Hill today.
今天我和爸爸決定去檳城山。
12. And because of the bad weather , we couldn’t see anything below.
并且因?yàn)樵愀獾奶鞖?,我們看不?jiàn)下面的任何東西。
語(yǔ)法:
復(fù)合不定代詞或副的構(gòu)成及用法
構(gòu)成:由some, any, no, every分別加上-body, -thing, -one構(gòu)成的不定代詞叫做合成不定代詞;加上-where構(gòu)成副詞。
用法:
(1)合成不定代詞在句中可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。
Nobody will listen to him. He wants something to eat.
(2)不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。 There is nothing wrong with the TV. Everybody likes reading.
(3)some-不定代詞,通常用于肯定句中;
any-不定代詞則多用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句中。
但some-可用于表請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、預(yù)料對(duì)方會(huì)作肯定回答時(shí)的疑問(wèn)句中。
Someone is calling me.
There isn’t anyone else there.
Is anybody over there?
Could you give me something to eat?
(4)形容詞修飾不定代詞時(shí),通常要放在不定代詞之后。
There is something delicious on the table.
(5)somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere用作副詞。
Flowers come out everywhere.
注:① 形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置:anythingspecial
② 不定代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù).
八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納篇三
Unit2. How often do you exercise?
【重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)】
1. help with housework 幫助做家務(wù)活
2. go shopping 去購(gòu)物
3. on weekends 在周末
4. how often 多久一次
5. hardly ever 幾乎不
6. once a week 每周一次
7. twice a month 每月二次
8. go to the movies 去看電影
9. every day 每天
10. use the Internet 上網(wǎng)/用網(wǎng)
11. be free 有空
12. have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈鋼琴課
13. swing dance 搖擺舞
14. play tennis 打網(wǎng)球
15. stay up late 熬夜
16. at least 至少
17. go to bed early 早睡
18. play sports 鍛煉身體
19. be good for 對(duì)…... 有好處
20. go camping 去野營(yíng)
21. in one’s free time 在某人的空閑時(shí)間
22. not...at all 根本不
23. the most popular 最流行的
24. such as 例如
25. go to the dentist 去看牙醫(yī)
26. more than 超過(guò)/多于
27. Old habits die hard. 舊習(xí)慣難改
28. hard=difficult 困難的
29. less than 少于/不到