中考英語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
中考英語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
現(xiàn)在分詞變化規(guī)則知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1、 一般在詞尾加-ing(一般-ing)。例如: going,playing,knowing
2、 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾,先去e再加-ing(去啞e)。例如:making,arriving,coming
3、 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加-ing(重閉單輔先雙寫)。例如:running,stopping,preferring
4、 以-ie結(jié)尾,先將-ie改成y,再加-ing。例如:tying,dying, lying
口訣:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行ing,以e 結(jié)尾要去e,除去幾個(gè)特殊詞,系住tie-tying死去die-dying要躺下lie-lying,直接ie變成y,一元一輔雙寫輔(單音節(jié)的詞)。
主謂一致知識(shí)點(diǎn)
一.概念:
主謂一致是指:
1) 語(yǔ)法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。
2) 意義上要一致,即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
3) 就近原則,即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ),
一般來(lái)說(shuō),不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
There is much water in the thermos.
但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講
1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù),例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。
注意:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對(duì)我們的生活有重要意義。
典型例題
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注:先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí),先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語(yǔ)中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B。
2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí),謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩,二十三個(gè)女孩。
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。
3.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。
4. 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)的情況
1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。
2)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語(yǔ)愛好者熟悉的一本書。
3)表示金錢,時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來(lái)做準(zhǔn)備。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。
5.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)
1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:
All is right. 一切順利。
All are present. 人都到齊了。
2)集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:
Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?
3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:
Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。
2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。
A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:
Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過(guò)這本書。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。
完型填空常用詞組知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.With the help of 在~~幫助下 under the leadership / care of 在~~領(lǐng)導(dǎo)/關(guān)心下
2.be strict withsb. 對(duì)~人要求嚴(yán)格 be strict in sth. 對(duì)~事要求嚴(yán)格
3. at present=at the present time 目前 for the present 暫時(shí)
4. in the sun/sunshine 在陽(yáng)光下 under the sun 在世界上
5. lie in 位于~~之內(nèi) lie on 同~~接壤 lie to 位于~~之外
6. at least 至少 in the least 絲毫,一點(diǎn)
7. by name 名叫 in the name of 以~~名義
8. in the air 空中,在流傳 on the air 播出
9. in the way 擋路,障礙,用~~方法 in a way 在某點(diǎn)上,在某種程度上 get one’s own way to do 隨心所欲giveway讓步,屈服 lose one’s way 迷路 by the way 順便說(shuō)一下 on one’s way to 在去~~的路上 Come this way 這邊走
10. at the corner 在拐角處(外角)in the corner 在角落里(內(nèi)角)on the corner 在角落上(外角上)
11. judge by / from 根據(jù)~~來(lái)判斷 judge for oneself 由某人自己來(lái)判斷
12. at the end (of) 在~~結(jié)束時(shí) at the beginning of 在~~開始時(shí) at the back of 在~~背后,支持 at the age of ~~歲時(shí) at the foot of 在~~腳下 at the bottom of 在~~底部 at the top of 在~~頂上 at/on the edge of 在~~邊上
13. in the course of 在~~過(guò)程中 in the eyes of 從~~觀點(diǎn)看來(lái),在~~眼里 in the face of 面對(duì)~,盡管,縱使 in the middle of 在~中間 in the end =at last=finally 最后
14. on the eve of 在~~前夕 on the side of 在~~一邊
15. after a time = after some time 過(guò)一段時(shí)間后 for a time = for some time 一時(shí),有一段時(shí)間
16. behind time 遲到,過(guò)期 behind the times 落在時(shí)代后面
17. at no time 決不 in no time 立即,馬上
18. at one time = once time 曾經(jīng) at a time = each time 每次 at times = sometimes 有時(shí) at all times 經(jīng)常,一直,始終 at the same time 同時(shí) at the time 在~~的時(shí)候 by the time 到~~的時(shí)候
19. for a moment 一會(huì)兒 for the moment 暫時(shí) at the moment 當(dāng)時(shí) the moment /minute /instance 正當(dāng)~~一剎那
20. once or twice 一兩次 more than once 不止一次 once more 重新,又 once upon a time 從前 once in a while 偶爾
21. 以 break 為中心的詞組
break away from 脫離,逃離 break down 破壞,粉碎;瓦解;出故障,拋錨 break in 闖進(jìn),打斷;使順服 break into 闖入;強(qiáng)行進(jìn)入;突然開始 break out 爆發(fā),發(fā)生;準(zhǔn)備使用;起錨 break the law 違反法律 break the record 破記錄 break one’s promise 失言 break up 開墾,破碎;解散,分開,分解
22. 以 catch 為中心的詞組
be caught doing 被發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch a bus/train 趕汽車 / 火車 catch a cold 傷風(fēng),感冒 catch one’s word 聽懂某人的話 catch sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn),瞥見 catch up with 趕上,追及,追上
23. 以 come 為中心的詞組 come across 偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn),想起;越過(guò);償付 come along 一道來(lái),陪伴;進(jìn)步,進(jìn)展;出現(xiàn) come at 達(dá)到,求得,得到;撲向,襲擊 come back 回來(lái);恢復(fù),復(fù)原 come down 倒下;降落;跌落;病倒 come from 來(lái)自,起源于,從~~ 產(chǎn)生,生于 come in 進(jìn)來(lái),進(jìn)入;流行起來(lái);獲名次 come into being 發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生,出現(xiàn),形成 come into
power 開始執(zhí)政,當(dāng)權(quán),當(dāng)選 come into use 開始使用,獲得應(yīng)用 come on 上演;開始;趕快;發(fā)展;登臺(tái);(問題)被提出 come to know 開始了解到 come out 出來(lái),傳出;出版;結(jié)果是;褪色;(秘密)泄露 come to 蘇醒,復(fù)原;共計(jì);達(dá)到;歸結(jié)于 come to an end 終止,結(jié)束 come true 實(shí)現(xiàn),成為現(xiàn)實(shí);證實(shí) come up 走近;上樓;長(zhǎng)出,發(fā)芽
24. 以 do 為中心的詞組
be done in 精疲力竭
be done with 完全結(jié)束
do a good deed 做一件好事
do away with 去掉,廢除;弄死;浪費(fèi)
do good to (=do sb. good) 有益于
do harm to (=do sb. good) 有害于
do its work 有效,有作用
do much 極有用
do wrong to 做錯(cuò)
do one’s best 盡某人最大努力
do one’s homework 做作業(yè)
do one’s utmost 盡力而為
do proud 足以使~~ 驕傲
do sb. justice 公平對(duì)待某人
do some cleaning (V+ing,etc.) 搞衛(wèi)生
do sb. a favor 幫助某人
do well in 學(xué)得不錯(cuò),干得漂亮
do with 和~~ 相處,忍受,處理
do without 不需要,不用
do wonders 創(chuàng)造奇跡
have much to do with 和~~ 很有關(guān)系
have nothing to do with 與~~ 無(wú)關(guān)
have something to do with 和~~ 有關(guān)
in doing so=in so doing 這時(shí),在這種情況下
That will do. 行了;夠了