高中英語時態(tài)知識點總結
高中英語時態(tài)知識點總結
時態(tài)是英語學習過程當中繞不開的語法。要學好英語,除了單詞,還要學好時態(tài)。下面由學習啦小編給你帶來關于高中英語時態(tài)知識點總結,希望對你有幫助!
英語時態(tài)知識點總結1一般現在時
?、俦硎究陀^事實或普通真理(不受時態(tài)限制)
The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.
Water boils at 100oC.
?、诒硎粳F狀、性質、狀態(tài)時多用系動詞或狀態(tài)動詞;表示經?;蛄晳T性的動作,多用動作動詞,且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。
Ice feels cold.
We always care for each other and help each other.
?、郾硎局X、態(tài)度、感情、某種抽象的關系或概念的詞常用一般現在時:see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。如:
I know what you mean.
Smith owns a car and a house.
All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.
④在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現在時代替將來時。但要注意由if 引導的條件狀語從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示時態(tài)。
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.如果你愿意接受并參加我們的舞會,我的家人會非常高興。
⑤少數用于表示起止的動詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般現在時代替將來時,表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作。當be表示根據時間或事先安排,肯定會出現的狀態(tài),只用一般現在時。
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
英語時態(tài)知識點總結2一般過去時
①一般過去時的基本用法:表示過去的事情、動作或狀態(tài)常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用(或有上下文語境暗示);用于表達過去的習慣;表示說話人原來沒有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過去式。如:
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
②如果從句中有一個過去的時間狀語,盡管從句中的動作先于主句發(fā)生,但從句中的謂語動詞連用過去式。如:
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
③表示兩個緊接著發(fā)生的動作,常由以下詞語連接,用一般過去時。如:but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。
The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
④常用一般過去時的句型:
Why didn’t you / I think of that?
I didn’t notice it.
I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.
I didn’t recognize him.
英語時態(tài)知識點總結3一般將來時
?、俦硎疚磥淼膭幼骰驙顟B(tài)常用will / shall + 動詞(常與表示將來的時間狀語邊用如tomorrow、next week等)。
②表示一種趨向或習慣動作。
We’ll die without air or water.
③表示趨向行為的動詞如come、go、start、begin、leave等詞常用進行時的形式表示將來時。
④be going to與will / shall, be to do, be about to do用法及區(qū)別:
be going to 表示現在打算在最近或將來要做某事,這種打算往往經過事先考慮,甚至已做了某種準備;shall / will do表示未事先考慮過,即說話時臨時作出的決定。
be going to 表將來,不能用在條件狀語從句的主句中;而will則能,表意愿。如:
If it is fine, we’ll go fishing.(正確)
If it is fine, we are going to go fishing.(錯誤)
be to do sth.表按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作,還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句。
Autumn harvest is about to start.
英語時態(tài)知識點總結4現在進行時
?、俦硎菊f話時正在發(fā)生著的一個動作;表示現階段但不一定是發(fā)生在講話時;表近期特定的安排或計劃;go、come等起止動作可用進行時代替將來時。如:
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the bady before six.)
The girl is always talking loud in public.(與always、often等頻度副詞連用,表經常反復的行動或某種感情色彩)
?、谙旅嫠念悇釉~不宜用現在進行時。(A)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動作:like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。(B)表存在的狀態(tài)的動詞:appear, exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。(C)表示一時性動作的動詞:allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。(D)表示感官的動詞:see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
英語時態(tài)知識點總結5過去完成時
?、俪S眠^去完成時的幾種情況:(A)在by、by the end、by the time、until、before、since后接表示過去某一時間的短語或從句以前發(fā)生的動作。如:By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. (B)表示曾實現的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/
though / wanted / expected等或用上述動詞過去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped / planned … + to have done。(C)“時間名詞 + before”在句子中作狀語,謂語動詞用過去完成時;“時間名詞 + ago”在句中作狀語,謂語動詞用一般過去式。如:He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.(D)表示“一……就”的幾個句型:Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主語 + 過去分詞 + when / than / before + 一般過去時。如:We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
?、谠赽efore或after引導的時間狀語從句中用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去完成時。
After he (had)left the room, the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
英語時態(tài)知識點總結6過去將來時
參照一般將來時對比:用would do、was / were going to do sth.表過去將來;come、go、leave等過去進行時表過去將來時;was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表過去將來。
英語時態(tài)知識點總結7過去進行時
?、龠^去某一時刻正在進行的動作或某一階段內發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生。
?、谀骋粍幼靼l(fā)生時另一動作正在發(fā)生,其中一個在由when或while引導的時間狀語從句中。
英語時態(tài)知識點總結8現在完成時
?、佻F在完成時除可以和for、since引導的狀語連用外,還可以和下面的介詞短語連用:during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。
?、谙铝芯湫椭谐S矛F在完成時
It is (has been) + 一段時間 + since從句
This(That / It)is the first(second…)time that + 完成時
This(That / It)is the only … + that + 完成時
This(that / It)is the best / finest / most interesting … + that 從句 + 完成時
③在時間或條件狀語從句中,現在完成時可以代替一般將來時。如:
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
英語時態(tài)知識點總結9時態(tài)區(qū)別
?、僖话氵^去時與現在完成時:時間上有差異:凡有過去時間的均用過去時態(tài),不能用完成時態(tài),如含有ago、last year、just now、the other day等。
結果上有差異:現在完成時強調的是對“現在”的影響和結果,動作到現在剛完成或還在繼續(xù);一般過去時強調的是動作發(fā)生在“過去”,和現在毫無關系。
②過去完成時與一般過去時:過去完成時強調的是“過去的過去”;如出現同一主語連續(xù)幾個動作(“連謂”)形式則只用一般過去時即可。
2、被動語態(tài)考查要點簡述
被動語態(tài)的構成方式:be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示。被動語態(tài)的基本用法:不知道或沒必要提到動作的執(zhí)行者是誰時用被動語態(tài)。強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(tài)(by短語有時可以省略)。
(1)使用被動語態(tài)時應注意的幾個問題。
?、僦鲃幼兓粍訒r雙賓語的變化??聪铝欣洹?/p>
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
?、谥鲃幼儽粍訒r,賓補成主補(位置不變);(作補語的)不定式前需加to。
The boss made him work all day long.
He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
③短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時,勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
?、芮閼B(tài)動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態(tài),只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e +過去分詞。
?、莓斁渥拥闹^語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態(tài)有兩種形式:(A)謂語動詞用被動語態(tài),動詞不定式作主補。(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示。如:
People say he is a smart boy.
It is said that he is a smart boy.
He is said to be a smart boy.
People know paper was made in China first.
It is known that paper was made in China first.
Paper was known to be made in China first.
類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …
(2)不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況。
?、偎械牟患拔飫釉~或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。
?、诒硎緺顟B(tài)的謂語動詞,如:last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit、join、mean、last、look like、consist to等。
?、郾硎練w屬的動詞,如have、own、belong to等。
?、鼙硎?ldquo;希望、意圖”的動詞,如:wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
?、葙e語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài),不能用被動語態(tài)。
?、拶e語是同源賓語,不定式、動名詞等謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。
?、哂行﹦釉~以其主動形式表示被動意義,特別是當主語是物時,常見的動詞有sell、write、wash、open、lock等。
(3)主動形式表被動意義。
?、佼攆eel、look、smell、taste、sound等后面接形容詞時;當cut、read、sell、wear、write等詞帶狀語修飾語時;當動詞表示“開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動”等意義時。
This kind of cloth washes easily.這種布易洗。
These novels won’t sell well.這些小說不暢銷。
My pen writes smoothly.我的鋼筆寫起來很流暢。
The door won’t lock.門鎖不上。
The fish smells good.魚聞起來香。
②當break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等動詞表示“發(fā)生、關閉、制定”等意思時。
The plan worked out successfully.
The lamps on the wall turn off.
?、踳ant, require, need后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。
?、躡e worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。
⑤在“be + 形容詞 + to do”中,不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語,用主動代被動。
This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.
The girl isn’t easy to get along with.
另外:be to blame(受譴責),be to rent(出租)也用主動形式表被動。
(4)被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況。
?、賐e seated坐著
He is seated on a bench.(He seats himself on a bench.)坐在凳子上。
?、赽e hidden躲藏
He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在門后。
③be lost迷路
?、躡e drunk喝醉
?、輇e dressed穿著
The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.
(5)被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別
被動語態(tài)強調動作;系表結構表主語的特點或狀態(tài)。如:
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被動語態(tài))
The book is well sold.(系表結構)