八年級下冊英語Unit3語法解析
對于初二學(xué)生來說，語法是學(xué)習(xí)英語過程中的一個重要模塊，接下來學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了八年級下冊英語Unit3語法解析，一起來看看吧。
八年級下冊英語Unit3語法過去進行時概念講解
以上四句是由when與while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。這四句中還包含了一個很重要的時態(tài)：過去進行時。
1. 構(gòu)成：過去進行時由 “was / were +動詞-ing”構(gòu)成
2. 意義：
(1) 表示在過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間除有上下文暗示以外，一般用時間狀語來表示。如：
— What was he doing when the UFO arrived? 當(dāng)UFO落地時他正在干什么?
— He was sleeping late when it arrived. 當(dāng)UFO落地時她正在熟睡。
Many people remember what they were doing on April 4, 1968.
許多人記得在1968年4月4日他們正在做什么。
(2) 表示過去某一動作發(fā)生時另一動作正在進行。一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作也發(fā)生。
3. 標(biāo)志詞：
(1) at 9 o'clock yesterday, from 8 to 9 yesterday morning, at this / that time yesterday, this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, when, while, 如：
We were having an English class at 9 o'clock yesterday.
昨天9點我們正在上英語課。
Xiao Ming was sleeping all day yesterday.
昨天一整天小明都在睡覺。
(2) 主句(過去進行時)+ when + 從句(一般過去時)
(3) 主句(一般過去時)+ while +從句(過去進行時)
The girl was shopping when her friend saw her.
當(dāng)她的朋友看見她時女孩在買東西。
The dog got out of the box and ran away while Linda was buying the newspaper at the station.
當(dāng)Linda 在車站外買報紙時，狗從箱子里出來逃跑了。
4. 過去進行時的各種句式：
下面以動詞work 為例，將過去進行時的肯定式、否定式和疑問式以及簡略答語歸納如下：
肯定式：I / He / She / It was working.
We / You / They were working.
否定式：I / He / She / It was not working.
We / You / They were not working.
疑問式和簡略回答：
— Was I working? — Yes, you were. / No, you were not.
— Were you working? — Yes, I was. / No, I was not.
— Was he / she / it working? — Yes, he / she / it was. / No, he / she / it was not.
— Were you / they working? — Yes, you / we / they were. / No, you / we / they were not.
注：was not?？s略為wasn't; were not?？s略為weren't.
5. 比較：
(1) 一般過去時與過去進行時用法比較：
■一般過去時表示在過去某個時間發(fā)生過的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，而過去進行時則表示在過去某一時刻或某一時間正在進行的動作。如：
David wrote a letter to his friend last night.
大衛(wèi)昨晚給他的朋友寫了信。(信寫完了)
David was writing a letter to his friend at 8 last night.
昨晚8點大衛(wèi)一直在給他的朋友寫信。(信不一定寫完)
■表示過去將來，多用于go, come, leave, start, take off等動詞。如：
He said he was leaving for home in a day or two.
他說他一兩天之內(nèi)就動身回家了。
■表示過去的經(jīng)常動作，常與always, forever等連用，略帶感情色彩。如：
She was always thinking of others. 她老是想到別人。(贊揚)
She was forever complaining. 她老是抱怨。(厭煩)
(2)when 與while區(qū)別
■when表示“當(dāng)……的時候”。從句中既可用延續(xù)性動詞，又可用非延續(xù)性動詞，這些動詞既可以表示動作，又可表示狀態(tài)，常跟一般過去時。
When the UFO took off, the boy was taking photos.
當(dāng) UFO起飛時，男孩在照相。
Mary was having dinner when I saw her.
當(dāng)我看見她時瑪麗吃午飯。
The boy was still sleeping when his mother got home yesterday morning.
昨天早上當(dāng)她的母親到家時男孩仍然在睡覺。
■While表示“在……的時候”“在……期間”。while從句中必須是表示動作或狀態(tài)的延續(xù)性動詞，常跟過去進行時。
While the boy was taking photos, the UFO took off.
當(dāng)男孩在照相時, UFO起飛了。
The weather was fine while we were in Beijing.
當(dāng)我們在北京時天氣很好。
注：如果主句的動作在從句的動作過程中發(fā)生，從句常用進行時。
While we were swimming someone stole our clothes.
當(dāng)我們在洗澡時有人偷了我們的衣服。
Don't talk so loud while others are working.
當(dāng)其他人在工作時不要大聲喊叫。
■表示兩個同時持續(xù)的動作。
I was doing my homework while he was listening to music.
我在做作業(yè)而他在聽音樂。
注：通常不能用于過去進行時的動詞主要有：agree, is, am, are, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have (擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。
八年級下冊英語Unit3語法常見題型
?、? 句型轉(zhuǎn)換
(1) We were listening to the teacher when she came in. (對劃線部分提問)
_____ _____ you _____ when she came in?
(2) He does his homework every day. (用at this time yesterday改寫句子)
He ____ _____ his homework at this time yesterday.
以上(1)小題是對過去進行時句式改變的練習(xí)，只需照以上講解完成即可。(2)小題考察一般過去時與過去進行時的熟練轉(zhuǎn)換。
?、? 用“when”與“while”完成句子。
(1) _____ Tom was eating supper, it began to rain outside.
(2) Don't use your cell phone _____ you are driving a car.
(3) What were you doing _____ Mr. Zhou came in?
(4) Jim is good at math _____ Mary is good at English.
(5) We were watching TV_____ the electricity was off.
對于以上題目，同學(xué)們只要掌握“when”與“while”引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句主從句所用的時態(tài)就可以了。對于其他的用法我們將到九年級去學(xué)。
?、? 單項選擇
(1) I first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
(2) My mother was reading while I ___ the music.
A. listened to B. listened C. was listening to D. is listening to
(3) I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.
A. had B. had been having
C. have been having D. was having
(4) When I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.
A. was speaking B. spoke
C. had been speaking D. had spoken
在以上題目中，(1)題考察在過去某一時刻發(fā)生的動作，即用過去進行時。(2)題考察while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句兩個動作同時發(fā)生，都用過去進行時。(3)(4)題考察when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，主句用過去進行時，從句用一般過去式。其他無須多考慮，從句，主句用過去進行時。
?、? 漢譯英
(1) Lucy 和Lily昨天下午從3點到4點在游泳。
Lucy and Lily ______ ________ from 3:00 to 4:00 yesterday afternoon.
(2) 當(dāng)Mr Cook到家時，他正在聽收音機。
When Mr Cook got home, his son ______ ______ to the radio
(3) 當(dāng)李雷在吃早飯時，吉姆進來了。
While Li Lei ______ ______________, Jim came in.
八年級下冊英語Unit3常見題型答案
句型轉(zhuǎn)換：
(1)What were; doing (2)was doing
用“when”與“while”完成句子：
(1) while (2) while (3) when (4) while (5) when
單項選擇：
(1) B (2) C (3) D (4) A
漢譯英：
(1) were swimming (2) was listening (3) was having breakfast
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